苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的高温阴离子溶液共聚

以正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂、四氢呋喃(THF)为极性调节剂,采用具有较大空间位阻和特定电荷环境的P配合物作为抑制剂,在80℃下实现了苯乙烯(St)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的阴离子嵌段共聚.采用GPC、FT-IR、1H-NMR等手段对共聚物的结构及分子量进行了分析.结果表明:共聚物中各链节的分子量与设计分子量接...     

PS-PMMA嵌段共聚物/PMMA在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为

用动态光散射和透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PMMA)和其对应的均聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在选择性溶剂四氢呋喃/环己烷(THF/CYH)中的自组装行为.选择性溶剂对PS嵌段是良溶剂,对PMMA嵌段和均聚物PMMA是非良溶剂,实验结果表明,在适当的分子量及组成条件下,PS-PMMA/PMMA在选择性溶剂中形成了单分散的纳米胶束,均聚物PMMA与PMMA嵌段一同形成了胶束的核,通过控制均聚物PMMA的量可以在较大的范围内调整胶束的尺寸.     

极性单体锂系阴离子嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以酚锂作为副反应抑制剂, 以正丁基锂或1,1-二苯基乙烯盖帽的正丁基锂为引发剂, 通过顺次添加单体的方法, 合成了结构明确的聚异戊二烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PI-b-PMMA)和聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PBMA-b-PMMA)2种嵌段聚合物. 嵌段聚合反应中甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的转化率均高于90%, 通过核磁图谱计算的链节摩尔比与理论设计值吻合. PI-b-PMMA和PBMA-b-PMMA的分子量分别达到4×10⁴和1.6×10⁴. 在环己烷中, 通过顺次添加单体的方法, 合成了结构明确的聚苯乙烯-b-聚异戊二烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PI-b-PMMA)三嵌段共聚物, 各单体的转化率均达到100%, 并且产物中的链节摩尔比和理论设计值一致, 最终产物的分子量达到7.4×10⁴, 分子量分布仅为1.28, 为极性三嵌段热塑性弹性体以及有机玻璃透明增韧剂的工业化奠定了基础.     

高橡胶含量苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物的反应挤出聚合

以正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂,苯乙烯(St)、异戊二烯(Ip)混合物为单体,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、四氢呋喃(THF)为极性调节剂,在双螺杆挤出机中,应用反应挤出技术实现了聚异戊二烯(PI)质量分数高达60％左右的苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物(S-I)的阴离子本体嵌段聚合.通过选择性氧化降解与GPC、1H-NMR、DMA和TEM结合,分析了产物的分子链结构.结果显示,SDBS和THF的加入增加了PI的3,4-结构含量,且大大限制了St的聚合,使最长聚苯乙烯(PS)嵌段的分子量大为减小,同时很难包裹大的Ip气泡,共聚物的结构主要为S-I小嵌段,两组分相容性增强,无规化程度增加.     

阴离子聚合法合成PMMA-b-PMTFPS嵌段共聚物

以含缩醛官能团的有机锂为引发剂, 将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与含氟硅氧烷单体1,3,5-三甲基-1,3,5-三(3',3',3'-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷(F3)阴离子嵌段共聚, 获得了窄分子量分布的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚[甲基(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硅氧烷](PMMA-b-PMTFPS)嵌段共聚物, 并用GPC, 1H NMR, FTIR和DSC对嵌段共聚物进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 在THF中利用PMMA-OLi对F3进行阴离子开环聚合时, 单体F3浓度的选择对提高嵌段共聚物产率至关重要.     

P-配合物对异戊二烯负离子聚合中3,4结构影响的研究

在四氢呋喃(THF)与环己烷的混合溶剂中,以正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂,选取P配合物(Pcomplex)为调节剂,实现了异戊二烯(Ip)的负离子可控聚合,得到了高3,4结构率的聚异戊二烯(PI)(78.76%).采用1H-NMR对聚合物的结构进行了表征和分析.证实了由n-BuLi引发的负离子聚合,单体插入离子对之间参与聚合的速率及聚合结构取决于正负离子对之间的尺度,该尺度与单体插入所需求的尺度相当时,插入聚合速率最快,最容易.对Ip而言,单体插入离子对之间聚合形成3,4-PI时需求的尺度最小.Pcomplex由于其同时含有与Li+同源的锂原子以及空间位阻较大的苯、萘、蒽等基团,可通过改变活性种正负离子对之间的通道尺度,有效地促进3,4聚合反应,抑制1,2和1,4聚合反应,因而有效提高了PI 3,4结构率,使得Ip的聚合变得可控.相反,升高温度可以增加正负离子对之间的尺度,使得3,4聚合结构含量减少,1,4聚合结构含量增加,但温度越高,反式含量越多.     

多检测GPC／SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用——聚（α—甲基苯乙烯—异戊二烯）二嵌段共聚物的溶液性质

采用体积排斥色谱法(SEC)/示差折光指数(RI)/ -聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-异戊二烯)二嵌段共聚物的溶液性质直角激光光散射(RALLS)/示差粘度(DV)三检测联用技术,在THF为溶剂、25℃的条件下表征了聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-异戊二烯)(PαMS-PI)二嵌段共聚物;计算得到了PαMS-PI分子的无扰尺寸A为0.0778nm.mol     

聚肽螺旋纳米弯棒的制备与形成机理

通过五元环酸酐（NCA）开环聚合的方法成功合成了聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯)（PBLG）聚肽均聚物和聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇（PBLG-b-PEG）聚肽嵌段共聚物，并通过酸解脱苄基及与肉桂醇的酯化反应对PBLG-b-PEG嵌段共聚物改性，制备了聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯-co-肉桂基-L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇（P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG）改性嵌段共聚物，其聚肽侧链上修饰了可光交联的肉桂酰氧基，其C=C双键在紫外光照射下能发生环加成反应交联聚肽链段。采用四氢呋喃-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（THF-DMF）有机共溶剂溶解、选择性溶剂（水）沉淀的自组装方法制备了PBLG纳米棒；然后向纳米棒水溶液中加入THF溶剂诱导纳米棒弯曲，制备了纳米弯棒。通过THF的加入量可以调控纳米棒的弯曲程度。利用类似的方法，通过PBLG与PBLG-b-PEG或P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG共组装制备了螺旋纳米棒（其中PBLG均聚物形成棒状内核、PBLG-b-PEG或P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG形成表面纳米螺纹），然后向螺旋纳米棒水溶液中加入THF溶剂，但是仅得到了光滑纳米弯棒（表面螺纹...     

原子转移自由基聚合制备聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-苯乙烯)时单体聚合顺序对嵌段效率的影响

采用原子转移自由基聚合研究了聚（ 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ｂ 苯乙烯） 嵌段共聚物的合成,实验结果表明,当先进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合,然后再进行苯乙烯的聚合时,得到了完全的嵌段共聚物;反之,如果改变单体的聚合顺序,则嵌段效率很低．用聚合物末端Ｃ—Ｘ（Ｘ＝ Ｃｌ,Ｂｒ） 键的断裂能对实验结果进行了解释．     

多检测GPC/SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用—聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-异戊二烯)二嵌段共聚物的溶液性质

采用体积排斥色谱法 (SEC) /示差折光指数 (RI) /直角激光光散射 (RALLS) /示差粘度 (DV )三检测联用技术 ,在THF为溶剂、2 5℃的条件下表征了聚 (α 甲基苯乙烯 异戊二烯 ) (PαMS PI)二嵌段共聚物 ;计算得到了PαMS PI分子的无扰尺寸A为 0 .0 778nm·mol1/ 2 ·g-1/ 2 ;根据PαMS PI与PS分子的无扰尺寸A ,比较了两者在 2 5℃、THF溶剂体系中的链柔性程度 ,证明在此体系中PαMS PI与PS的链柔性程度相当 ;验证了PαMS PI符合普适标定规律     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.