磁性固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-Fe3O4的制备及表征

固体超强酸是近年来研制开发出的一类新型催化材料[1-4],其克服了传统液体酸催化剂易腐蚀设备、污染环境、副反应多、产物选择性低等缺点.尤其是近年来纳米技术的应用,使得纳米级固体超强酸的研究颇受人们的青睐.但纳米级固体超强酸催化剂在与液体产物的分离及回收中存在困难.为了进一步改良纳米固体超强酸的性能,本研究将磁基体Fe3O4与固体超强酸复合,制得磁性纳米固体超强酸SO42-/ TiO2 - Fe3O4,并对其结构和催化性能进行了表征.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

低温陈化法制备SO_4~(2-)/WO_3-TiO_2固体超强酸及性能研究

0引言固体超强酸的研制是近20年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一。起初,人们所研制的SO42-/MxOy型固体超强酸中,MxOy多为ZrO2。近年来,研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂,以ZrO2为主体,引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂,这方面的研究者颇多[1~4],也     

TiO2基固体超强酸的制备及光催化性能研究

半导体氧化物TiO2对很多有机污染物吸附较强、催化氧化活性高,因此它在环境污染治理方面扮演极其重要的角色,被广泛用于光催化处理多种有机物,但常规二氧化钛半导体光催化剂较低的量子效率(约4%)使其应用受到一定程度的制约[1]。1979年H ino[2]等首次报道无卤素型SO42-/M xO y固体超强酸体系以来,引起化学工作者极大关注。固体超强酸催化剂如SO42-/TiO2,SbF5/SiO2/TiO2等是一类新型酸催化剂,广泛用于酯化反应、苯衍生物烷基化、烯烃齐聚等。研究发现,基于SO42-改性的TiO2固体超强酸催化剂对于有机物具有较高的光催化氧化活性[3,4],…     

纳米固体超强酸TiO2/SO42-的制备及其催化甲苯选择性硝化

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂TiO2/SO42-,并用XRD、TEM进行了表征。结果表明:所研制的TiO2/SO42-催化剂为晶态纳米粒子,平均粒径为34 nm,分散性较好;以纳米固体超强酸催化剂TiO2/SO42-为催化剂时,甲苯硝化的区域选择性和活性提高。找出最佳反应条件为:催化剂活化温度600℃,反应温度60℃,n(硝酸)/n(甲苯)=2,w(甲苯)/w(催化剂)=35,反应时间4h,甲苯转化率为87.4%,对位硝基甲苯与邻位硝基甲苯之比(P/O)可达1.52。     

低温陈化法制备SO2-4/WO3-TiO2固体超强酸及性能研究

0引言 固体超强酸的研制是近20年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一.起初,人们所研制的SO2-4/MxOy型固体超强酸中,MxOy多为ZrO2.近年来,研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂,以ZrO2为主体,引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂,这方面的研究者颇多[1-4],也取得了一定的成果.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

镧对固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/Al交联膨润土的改性研究

采用镧对固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/铝交联膨润土(S042-/TiO2/Al-PILC)进行改性,制备了La—SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC稀土超强酸,并采用XRD、低温N2吸附法及吡啶吸附红外等方法对其进行了结构、表面性能及酸性的表征。实验结果表明,镧引人SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC超强酸,对TiO2锐钛矿晶相的形成没有影响,但对锐钛矿晶相向金红石相的转变有抑制作用,镧的引人使催化剂的酸强度及酸中心的数量有所增加,镧能有效地减少催化剂表面SO42-的流失量,从而提高催化剂的活性稳定性。     

ZrO_2-TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

以马来酸酐和异戊醇为原料,复合型固体超强酸ZrO2-TiO2/SO24-为催化剂催化合成了马来酸二异戊酯。最佳工艺条件为:催化剂活化温度450℃,活化时间5 h,1.0 mol.L-1H2SO4,催化剂用量1.0 g,酸醇摩尔比为1∶4,回流分水70 m in,酯化率达98.72%。ZrO2-TiO2/SO42-具有良好的催化活性,可重复使用5次以上。     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸新制备方法及其对形成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的催化活性

建立了用钛白粉制备固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2的新方法.考察了超强酸SO42-/TiO2的制备条件对催化邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性的影响.实验表明,以合成的超强酸为催化剂,在160℃反应4h,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的产率大于99%.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.