三(三甲基硅)环戊二烯与六羰基钼的反应

三(三甲基硅)环戊二烯与六羰基钼在二甲苯中回流8h,反应停留在生成中间物η⁵-[(Me₃Si)_NC₅H_5-n]Mo(CO)₃H(n=2,3)(I)的阶段.不经分离,I随即分别与CCl₄·NBS及MeI反应,生成其相应的钼卤化物η-⁵[(Me₃Si)_NC₅H_5-n]Mo(CO)₃X[n=3,X=Cl(1),Br(2),I(3);n=2,X=Cl(4),Br(5),I(6)].4-6是由于茂环上脱掉1个Me₃Si基.经元素分析和IR及¹H NMR谱表征了化合物1-6的结构,并用X射线衍射测定了1的晶体结构.     

2,2'-联吡啶二氢双三碘基盐(2,2'-bipyH2)(I3)2的合成、晶体结构和谱学性质

合成了标题化合物并测定其晶体结构.晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群,α=0.80284(8)nm,b=0.95993(6)nm,c=0.71660(9)nm,α=102.016(9)°,β=111.933(9)°,γ=101.650(8)°,V=0.4767(1)nm³,Z=1,D_c=3.21g·cm^-3,F(000)=404,μ(MoK_a)=98.77cm^-1.晶体中存在反式平面型的(2,2'-bipyH₂)²⁺阳离子和线性的I₃^-阴离子.晶体由[(2,2'-bipyH₂)(I₃)₂]_∞链堆积而成,同一层的链间存在N-H···I氢键,氢键键长N···I为0.349nm.用UV-Vis光谱和¹H NMR谱对标题化合物进行了表征.     

几种多取代吡咯的NMR研究(Ⅰ)

本文测定了1-笨基-2-甲基-3-乙酰基-5-对氯苯基吡咯(I)等十个多取代吮咯的¹HNMR谱和其中五个化合物的¹³CNMR谱。归属了共振谱线,证实了各化合物的分子结构。得到了2-甲基-3-乙酰基-5-对氯苯基吡咯基-1在苯衍生物中的经验取代基增量。     

丝光沸石水蒸气/酸浸渍脱铝的多核固体核磁共振研究

采用¹H,²⁹Si,²⁷Al魔角旋转固体核磁共振(MASNMR)及¹H-²⁹Si交叉极化(CP)技术研究丝光沸石水蒸气/酸浸渍脱铝过程中各种铝物质的结构与性质.结果表明,丝光沸石上骨架铝原子在水分子作用下,生成非骨架四配位铝物质[Al(OH)₃(H₂O)],分别在²⁷Al谱δ45和¹H谱δ3.0处出现共振信号,这种铝物质不同于扭曲四配位铝,在高温下进一步水合生成Al(OH)₃(H₂O)₂和Al(OH)₃(H₂O)₃,即非骨架五配位和六配位铝物质.¹H-²⁹SiCP和¹H谱证实,水蒸气脱铝使丝光沸石产生了大量的硅羟基和铝羟基.     

脂族酰基过氧化物分解动力学的研究(Ⅷ)——过氧化辛酰、过氧化己酰热分解产物的CIDNP效应

测定了过氧化辛酰(1)和过氧化己酰(2)在邻二氯苯中,分别在碘、碘乙烷、2-碘丙烷和3-溴丙烯存在下,90℃时热分解产物的¹HNMR谱,观察到自由基捕获产物(RX,R=n-C₇H₁₅、n-C₅H₁₁;X=I,Br)和歧化产物(R_-H)的CIDNP多重效应。讨论了过氧化酰热分解生成自由基对及相互作用的机理。     

2-呋喃甲酸锶的晶体结构

在水溶液中合成并培育了2-呋喃甲酸锐Sr₆(C₅H₃O₃)₁₂单晶。经元素分析、红外光谱、差热热重分析、密度测定以及X射线衍射结构分析确定了该化合物的组成、结构和部分性质。结构分析结果表明:该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/n,a=2.3090(7)nm,b=1.3376(4)nm,c=2.3093(6)nm,β=107.06(2)°,Z=4,R=0.0603.D_c=1.82×10³kg/m³,D_m=1.81×10³kg/m³.化合物通过羧氧桥联形成三维网状结构,其中Sr-O键的平均键长为0.2641nm,而Sr-O(羧氧)为0.2535nm,Sr-O(呋喃环氧)为0.2861nm.     

蝎型螯合过渡金属配合物的研究(Ⅰ)──氢三(3-对甲氧基苯基吡唑-1)硼酸铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、表征及晶体结构

合成了一种蝎合配体氢三(3-对甲氧基苯基吡唑-1)硼酸钾KTp^An.室温下,等物质的量的KTp^An与Cu(O₂CMe)₂·H₂O在THF溶液中反应得配合物[Cu(O₂CMe)(HB{pz^An}₃)](Ⅰ);KTp^An与等物质的量的无水CuCl₂反应则得不同的产物CuCl(pz^AnH)(HB{pz^An}₃)(Ⅱ).对标题化合物进行了元素分析、红外光谱、顺磁共振谱和电化学研究.配合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ的苯溶液的EPR谱研究表明中心金属铜的基态电子构型为拟轴对称的{dx₂-y₂}¹.Ⅱ的X射线衍射晶体结构分析表明,铜离子的配位环境为畸变的四方锥结构,与其配位的有配体Tp^An上3个吡唑氮原子、3-对甲氧基苯基吡唑氮原子和1个氯离子,晶体属空间群P2₁/c.a=1.1643(2)nm,b=2.7081(5)nm,c=1.4494(3)nm,β=105.37(3)°,V=4.4066(14)nm³,Z=4,R=0.0604.分子中存在弱的分子内氢键N-H…Cl,其中Cl₁…N₁=0.3009nm,∠Cl1…H1B-N1=120.3°.     

2D-NMR研究中国生漆漆酚结构

用离心旋转薄层层析法在涂渍AgNO₃的硅胶板上成功地分离了乙酰化漆酚。对其主要组分(64.6%),用¹H、¹³C常规谱,DEPT编辑谱,同核、异核化学位移相关二维谱,二维J谱,异核中继相干传递二维谱及弛豫时间T₁等,确定了此化合物的结构与构型和¹H、¹³C谱线归属。实验证明漆酚中此组分是3-十五碳烯烃(8′Z、11′E、13′Z)邻苯二酚,异核中继相干传递二维谱新技术能有效地应用于复杂未知化合物的结构测定。     

新型不对称吡喃鎓方酸菁染料的晶体结构

通过缓慢挥发溶剂法得到一种不对称吡喃方酸菁染料的单晶,测定了其晶体结构.其晶系为三斜晶系,空间群为P1,a=0.9228(4),b=1.4122(6),c=0.6124(3)nm,α=93.97(4),β=98.14(5),γ=71.05(4),V=0.7470(6)nm³,Z=1.用晶体结构数据解释了此不对称染料的¹H-NMR谱.     

酸碱存在下水溶性铑膦配合物的NMR表征及氢甲酰化性能研究

31P(¹H)NMR和¹HNMR研究表明,当NaOH加入到水溶性铑膦配合物HRh(CO)·(TPPTS)₃[TPPTS:P(m-C₆H₄SO₃Na)₃]后,可观察到有少量的OTPPTS[OTPPTS:O=P(m-C₆H₄SO₃Na)₃]出现,但配合物的特征谱峰即使在高浓度的NaOH存在下也基本保持不变,表明NaOH对配合物分子结构的影响较小;当吡啶加入到HRh(CO)(TPPTS)₃中,³¹P(¹H)NMR谱图中出现游离配体TPPTS的³¹P谱峰及若干结构未知的新水溶性配合物的³¹P谱峰,表明吡啶分子将与配合物分子中的配体TPPTS发生配体交换反应.在HRh(CO)(TPPTS)₃中分别加入一定量的HCl,HNO₃,H₂SO₄和H₃PO₄等无机酸时,随着酸量的增加,配合物的³¹P物种含量逐渐下降,而OTPPTS量明显上升,直至配合物³¹P物种完全消失;高浓度乙酸对配合物结构的影响与上述无机酸类似.HRh(CO)(TPPTS)₃的1-己烯氢甲酰化催化反应结果表明,碱存在下可获得较高的正异构醛比值,但催化活性降低;酸存在下所得产物正异构醛比值相对较低且呈淡黄色.     

Pd/Co3O4纳米颗粒负载于Al2O3纳米片高效催化甲烷燃烧

We report an efficient catalyst composed of ternary components prepared by inlaying Pd/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles in alkaline Al₂O₃ nanosheets for catalytic oxidation of methane. Pd/Co₃O₄ inlaid in alkaline Al₂O₃ exhibited a higher ability to break the C-H bond of methane than Pd/Co₃O₄ supported on SiO₂, ZrO₂, CeO₂, and acidic or neutral Al₂O₃. Our results show more oxygen vacancies and higher amounts of surface adsorbed oxygen on the surface of Pd/Co₃O₄/alkaline Al₂O₃ than on other catalysts, which is responsible for methane activation and conversion. Further, the Pd/Co₃O₄/alkaline Al₂O₃ catalyst can almost restore to its initial value in the absence of water when 5% (volume fraction) vapor water was cut off, although a decrease in activity occurred when water vapor was introduced to the reaction system. Even under a condition similar to the exhaust of a lean-burn natural gas engine, the catalytic performance of the Pd/Co₃O₄/alkaline Al₂O₃ catalyst is excellent, that is, methane could be completely converted when the sample temperature in the reaction atmosphere was ramped to 400℃.     

HZSM-11分子筛的催化性能及酸性质的研究

用脉冲微反方法研究了不同温度下不同硅铝比的HZSM-11分子筛上邻二甲苯异构化活性和选择性。结果表明,硅铝比增加,二甲苯异构化活性变化不大。用TPD技术研究了不同硅铝比的HZSM-11的酸性质,测得了NH₂在HZSM-11上的程脱谱。结果表明,在HZSM-11表面上有两种强度的酸中心。硅铝比增加,弱酸中心数减少,强酸中心数基本不变。     

Influence of pretreatment conditions on low-temperature CO oxidation over Au/MOx/Al2O3 catalysts

Composite oxide MO_x/Al₂O₃ supported gold catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared and investigated. The presence of transition metal oxide was proved to be beneficial to the improvement of catalytic performance of Au/Al₂O₃ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation. Furthermore, the influence of various pretreatment conditions on Au/MO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts was studied carefully. The image of TEM showed that gold catalyst with small gold particles only in the form of a fine dispersion exhibited highly catalytic activity. The XPS, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization results of Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst showed that gold catalysts having partially oxidized gold species have the best catalytic performance. One possible pathway for CO oxidation on Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst is that the CO adsorbed on gold particles reacts with adsorbed oxygen, which is possible to occur on oxygen vacancies on the support or at the metal–support interface.     

生物柴油合成反应中KNO3/Al2O3催化剂的活性物种与失活研究

制备了KNO₃/Al₂O₃负载型固体碱催化剂，通过XRD、DRIFT、低温氮吸附、ICP和碱度滴定等手段对催化剂表面性质进行了表征，研究了其对大豆油与甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油的催化性能，剖析了在反应过程中该催化剂的催化本质以及失活原因。结果表明，高温焙烧后Al₂O₃表面KNO₃完全分解，形成了大量偏铝酸钾分散在载体表面；在酯交换反应时Al₂O₃表面的偏铝酸盐等活性组分不断溶出并参与反应，这是该催化剂表现出高活性的主要原因。在反应过程中生成的产物生物柴油和甘油对催化剂的活性有很大影响，其中，生物柴油与活性物种发生的皂化反应是造成催化剂失活的主要原因。     

High surface area nickel aluminate spinels prepared by a sol–gel method

The oxide spinel NiAl₂O₄ and spinel-type solid solutions Al₂O₃–NiAl₂O₄ (at Ni/Al=1:4, and Ni/Al=1:8) were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of mixed metal alkoxides, followed by calcination of the resulting gels. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that all samples prepared were single phase cubic materials having the spinel-type structure. The cubic lattice parameter, a_o, was found to decrease gradually with increasing aluminium content of the mixed metal oxides. The specific surface area (determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K) was found to be in the range of 200–300 m² g⁻¹. The materials were found to be basically mesoporous, the most frequent pore radius being in the range 3.2–6.4 nm. IR spectroscopy of CO adsorbed at liquid nitrogen temperature gave a main band at 2186–2195 cm⁻¹, which was assigned to the C---O stretching vibration of surface Al³⁺CO adducts where coordinatively unsaturated Al³⁺ ions act as Lewis acid centres.     

丙烷在Ce-Fe/Al2O3/cordierite上选择性催化还原NO

利用凝胶溶胶法和浸渍法制备了Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂,实验研究了其催化丙烷选择性还原NO的特性。结果表明,当铈的负载量从1%增加至5%时,Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite的C₃H₈-SCR性能先增强后减弱,3.5Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite具有最佳的脱硝性能,在有氧条件下,600℃时可实现96.5%的脱硝效率。Ce的加入能够提升Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂的抗硫性能。烟气中通入0.02%的SO₂后,3.5Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化丙烷还原NO的转化率始终维持在93%,而没有经过Ce修饰的Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite的NO转化率从88%下降为80%左右。利用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、H₂-TPR、吡啶吸附红外光谱等手段研究了催化剂的物理化学性质。结果表明,加入助剂铈能与Fe形成了固溶体,增加催化剂表面Lewis酸浓度和氧化还原能力,从而提高了催化丙烷还原NO的性能。过多的铈引入会减少Fe₂O₃结晶体的形成,不利于在C₃H₈-SCR反应中形成NO₂/NO₃^-物种,从而导致NO还原效率下降。     

Adsorption of bacterial surface polysaccharides on mineral oxides is mediated by hydrogen bonds

Adhesion of bacterial cells to solid surfaces is often largely affected by bacterial surface polymers. In this study, we investigated the adsorption of three different O-antigens isolated from bacterial lipopolysaccharides on TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂. The O-antigens of Escherichia coli 08 DSM 46243 and Citrobacter freundii PCM 1487 had high affinity for TiO₂ and low affinity for Al₂O₃, whereas the O-antigens of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 70401 had low affinities for both surfaces. Adsorption on SiO₂ was low for all polysaccharides. The dependence of the adsorption on the molecular mass of polysaccharides was investigated with dextrans of various chain lengths. The affinity increased with the molecular mass. The affinity of the dextrans was reduced compared with the O-antigen of E. coli, which had similar chemical composition and molecular mass. The adsorption of the E. coli and C. freundii O-antigens on Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ was irreversible, whereas for the S. maltophilia O-antigen it was partially reversible. The reversibility of dextran adsorption decreased with increasing molecular mass.

Infrared spectroscopy showed that all bacterial O-antigens and the dextrans formed hydrogen bonds with surface hydroxyl groups or interacted with surface-bound water of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂. A concentration-dependent mechanism of adsorption was observed with TiO₂. At low polysaccharide concentrations, the surface water molecules ware replaced by the polysaccharides, and at increased concentration the surface hydroxyl groups were involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds. At higher surface coverages, the adsorbed polysaccharides formed loops between the few adsorbed units.     

Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂上硫转移反应的研究

制备了以γ-Al2O3为载体的Ni-Mo催化剂,并用于FCC汽油的加氢硫转移反应。对Ni-Mo/Al2O3催化剂上的硫转移反应机理进行了研究,考察了不同反应条件对硫转移反应的影响。实验结果表明,硫醇与烯烃的反应在催化剂表面的加氢活性位上进行,小分子的硫醇发生加氢脱硫,生成吸附态H2S,吸附态的H2S与烯烃反应,生成大分子硫醇和硫醚;另外小分子硫醇还可直接与烯烃发生反应,生成硫醚。提高反应温度、压力、氢油比或降低空速,均可提高催化剂的硫转移反应活性,轻质硫转化率得到明显提高,且单烯选择性还能维持在98%左右。     

Photocatalytic conversion of NOx on AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst

The rate of NO conversion under UV illumination was evaluated over Ag/Al₂O₃ and AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalysts at room temperature. The AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalyst is highly active for the conversion of NO_x. The conversion is enhanced in the presence of O₂ and further enhanced when oxygen coexists with hydrocarbons. Diffuse reflectance spectra of AgCl/Al₂O₃ and Ag/Al₂O₃ show an absorption band at 250 nm, and a weak and broad band at 230 nm, respectively. The high photocatalytic NO_x conversion is achieved over the AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The conversion level of NO_x is maintained above 60% over 5 h in the presence of O₂ and hydrocarbons under UV-irradiation. The absorption band at 250 nm is ascribed to the band gap energy of crystallized AgCl particles on Al₂O₃. These results suggest that high photocatalytic NO_x conversion proceeds on crystallized AgCl particles formed on Al₂O₃.     

Co/Fe/Al2O3/cordierite催化C3H6选择性还原NO的实验研究

采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了负载于蜂窝陶瓷上的Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂,在陶瓷管流动反应器上对其催化C₃H₆选择性还原NO的性能进行了测试。结果表明,该催化剂表现出最优脱硝性能,在模拟烟气条件下,当反应温度为550 ℃时可实现97%的脱硝效率。Co的引入可显著增强Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂抗SO₂和H₂O的能力。在模拟烟气中同时引入0.02% SO₂和3% H₂O后,1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite的脱硝性能受影响甚微,当反应温度高于500 ℃时1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化C₃H₆还原NO的效率均可达到90%以上;相比之下,未经Co修饰的催化剂Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite脱硝性能受到了严重的抑制,在整个反应温度区间（200-700 ℃）内,其催化C₃H₆还原NO的效率最高不足50%。XRD和SEM表征结果表明,经过适量的Co修饰后的1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite表面变得更疏松,且形成了以钴铁和钴铝双金属氧化物为主要成分的球状晶粒。H₂-TPR结果表明,相比于Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite,1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite有更好的低温还原性能。Py-FTIR结果表明,Co的引入可使催化剂表面的Lewis酸明显增加,且生成了Brønsted酸。N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明,Co可增大催化剂的比表面积。