锡阳极泥中铟对铋含量测定的影响研究

采用传统Na_2EDTA滴定方式测定锡阳极泥(当铟含量大于0.2mg时)试液会出现颜色无明显突跃和滴定终点难以判定的现象。当铟含量大于0.2mg时,Na_2EDTA滴定法测定锡阳极泥试样中铋含量,对铋量测定有影响。主要讨论了铟在三种滴定条件下的络合行为,优化了铋的滴定条件,论证了在10.00、20.00、30.00、40.00mg铋标准溶液中加入不同含量的铟标准溶液,并在实际锡阳极泥样品YTXN-7中加入不同含量的铟,探讨了两种计算方法。实验表明,通过调节试液pH=1.5～1.7,采用Na_2EDTA标准滴定溶液滴定至试液红色刚消失,加热试液至70～80℃,继续滴定,能够出现完成铋铟的络合滴定,当铟量在1.00～2.00mg时,采用方法1计算得到铋的加标回收率在97.8%～100%,方法2的加标回收率在99.8%～101%。实验数据表明方法2计算铋的方法更理想。     

Na_2EDTA滴定法测定锡阳极泥中的铋量

研究了Na_2EDTA标准滴定溶液测定锡阳极泥中铋的方法。探讨了锡阳极泥的溶样方式、滴定溶液酸度、滴定溶液温度、共存元素干扰、加标回收、方法的准确度与精密度。方法适用于锡阳极泥中5%~20%铋量的测定,尤其是铟量在0.1%及以上时,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.55%~1.4%,加标回收率为99.81%~101.3%。具有操作步骤简单、适用性广、分析结果重现性好与准确度高等优点。     

Na2EDTA滴定法测定锡阳极泥中的铋量

研究了Na_2EDTA标准滴定溶液测定锡阳极泥中铋的方法。探讨了锡阳极泥的溶样方式、滴定溶液酸度、滴定溶液温度、共存元素干扰、加标回收、方法的准确度与精密度。方法适用于锡阳极泥中5%~20%铋量的测定,尤其是铟量在0.1%及以上时,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.55%~1.4%,加标回收率为99.81%~101.3%。具有操作步骤简单、适用性广、分析结果重现性好与准确度高等优点。     

锡青铜中锡锌铅的连续滴定

锡青铜中锡、锌、铅的测定,目前大都采用一份试液分别测定的方法。本文采用同一份称样,用络合滴定法直接连续测定锡、锌、铅三个元素。试样以盐酸、过氧化氢溶解,用硫脲掩蔽铜,抗坏血酸掩蔽铁,加入过量EDTA标准溶液,将锡、锌、铅全部定量络合。以六次甲基四胺调至pH5.5,以二甲酚橙、溴甲酚绿作指示剂,用硝酸铅标准溶液滴定过量EDTA。而后,加氟化铵使Sn-EDTA中释放出等摩尔的EDTA,用硝酸铅标准溶液滴定,其量为锡。然后,加亚铁氰化     

大量锡锑存在下络合滴定铋

含锡锑试样中铋的络合滴定由于在用酸处理试样过程中易析出偏锡酸和偏锑酸而导致铋共沉淀,以及在滴定过程中锡锑水解使测定结果严重偏低等原因,目前基本上都是采用排除Sn.Sb的手续。试验表明,在酸溶样时加入一定量硝酸钾和柠檬酸能防止偏锡酸和偏锑酸析出。硝酸钾与柠檬酸在滴定过程中又能有效地阻止Bi、Sn、Sb水解;加入少量氟化铵掩蔽锡,可在100mg Sn、Zn以及50mg Fe、Al、Cu、Co、Ni、Sb Pb等元素存在下直接滴定铋。方法适用于锡锑试料、易熔合金中铋的测定。主要试剂铋标准溶液:用高纯铋(99.99％)按常法配制成1 mL含铋10mg(10％HNO_2介质)标准溶液;半二甲酚橙指示剂(0.25％);0.01mol/LEDTA标准溶液。分析步骤称取0.1000—0.2000g试样于300mL烧杯中,加入0.5—1g硝酸钾、20mL(1+1)硝酸、2mL盐酸,盖上表皿,置于低温电炉上加热溶解并蒸至糖浆状(剩1—2mL试液)取下,冷却。加入     

易熔合金中铋的测定

本文研究了易熔合金中铋的直接滴定条件。用盐酸-硝酸分解试样,加过量酒石酸络合锡、锑、铋等,既消除了锡、锑的干扰,又防止了铋的水解。由于锡、锑的酒石酸络合物较铋的酒石酸络合物稳定,控制硫脲加入量。在pH1—2时用EDTA直接滴定铋,终点变化敏锐。在拟定条件下,由于控制滴定的pH较低,     

关于常温下EDTA络合滴定铝的几个问题

常温下EDTA络合滴定铝的有关实验已有详细报告。在一份试液中,以半二甲酚橙为指示剂,用铋盐回滴法连续测定铁、钛,然后加入对铝过量的EDTA标准溶液,以pH4.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液调节溶液pH至3.0～3.5,放置10分钟,用氨水(1:1)将溶液pH调节至5.5～6.0,再以半二甲酚橙为指示剂,用铅盐溶液回滴过剩的EDTA。本文拟对涉及方法有关的几个基本问题阐述于下。 1.溶液中铝的存在形态及其络合滴定的最佳pH范围。由实验可知Al~(8+)与EDTA络合     

大量干扰离子存在下铋的螯合滴定

拟定了以巯基乙酸作掩蔽剂的条件下铋的螯合滴定法。方法要点是加入过量的EDTA,过量部分在pH5～6时,以XO-CPB作混合指示剂,用硝酸铅返滴定;然后加入巯基乙酸释放铋-EDTA螯合物,释放出的EDTA再用硝酸铅返滴定。研究了各种阳离子的干扰影响,大量金属离子包括铜、锡完全不干扰。滴定终点敏锐,操作简便,已用于锡铋合金、铅铋合金和镉铋舍金中铋的测定。     

复杂高铋物料中铅的Na2EDTA滴定法测定

复杂高铋物料中,铋、砷、锑、锡四元素含量高且共存时会影响铅的测定。特别是铋含量高时对铅的测定影响大。实验用EDTA—酒石酸联合掩蔽铋、砷、锑、锡,在稀硫酸介质中以硫酸钾为沉淀剂,使铅生成硫酸铅钾复盐沉淀而与铋、砷、锑、锡、铁、铜、锌、铝、钴、镍等干扰离子分离,沉淀以乙酸-乙酸钠浸取,二甲酚橙为指示剂,Na2EDTA滴定法测定铅。试验进一步优化了测定条件,确定最佳条件：硫酸（1 1）加入量为7mL、硫酸钾用量为5g、煮沸时为5min、沉淀陈化时间为2h、EDTA 50g/L 加入量为10mL、酒石酸用量为0.5g,铅的回收率99.70% ～100.65%。将实验方法应用于测定复杂高铋物料中铅,标样BY0111-1与给定值一致,相对标准偏差（n=11）RSD 0.20%～0.23%,满足生产测试要求。     

络合滴定法连续测定钨镍铜合金中的镍和铜

拟定了用络合滴定法连续测定钨镍铜合金中镍和铜的方法.在两份试液中,一份控制pH≈8,以疏代硫酸钠掩蔽Cu(Ⅱ),氟离子掩蔽W(Ⅵ),用EDTA标准溶液直接滴定Ni(Ⅱ),求得镍含量.另一份在过量氨水介质中,用EDTA标准溶液滴定Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ),求得镍-铜合量,铜含量由差减法求得.指示剂为紫脲酸铵.方法简便、快速,结果准确可靠.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。