基于信息加工模拟结构的化学教学实践研究

介绍了美国心理学家加涅运用信息加工理论模拟学习过程的结构,"多元智能"的含义,"问题连续体"理论的5种问题类型,以及在化学教学设计过程中,根据学生的智力发展水平构建5个层次的问题类型以开展教学设计.实验研究证明,实验前后学生的学习成绩、学习兴趣、学习注意力、思维能力、互动效果存在显著差异(P<0.01);采用"问题连续体"教学模式进行教学,学生在探究实验的过程中知识得到深化,思维得到升华,发展了学生的多元智能,发散思维,探索、创新、实践等能力.     

仪器分析发展史在大学教学中的应用探讨

在大学仪器分析教学过程中 ,通过讲授仪器分析发展史 ,培养学生的创新能力 ,激发学生学习该课程的热情 ,使学生能更好地掌握基础原理与实验技能。介绍了仪器分析发展史在本科教学中的几种讲授方式     

认识规律──启发式教学──培养能力

中学化学教学大纲在教学目的中提出培养和发展学生的能力,在教学要求中指出逐步培养和发展学生的观察能力、思维能力、实验能力和自学能力,要重视科学方法的教育,注意培养学生的创新精神。     

全媒体时代仪器分析实验课程的教学改革研究

随着现代信息技术的迅猛发展,声音、图像、视频等多种媒体在课程教学中广为应用,学生在任何时间、任何地点利用信息终端完成线上自主学习成为常态,课程教学的信息全媒体时代随之而来,全媒体对实验教学带来全新要求。本文在总结近年来仪器分析实验全媒体教学经验的基础上,开展全媒体时代背景下仪器分析实验的实践教学设计、资源库建设、新型教学模式构建、课堂教学考评、教学团队建设的研究,以期提高学生自主综合学习能力和高阶思维能力,提升仪器分析实验课程的教学效果,为深入开展全媒体教学改革提供参考。     

固相萃取技术在水果氨基酸分析前处理中的应用——一个仪器分析综合实验

为提高学生的理论水平和实践能力,设计了针对欧李果实氨基酸测定的仪器分析综合实验。引入样品分析前处理环节,构建完整的仪器分析过程。通过氨基酸提取方法比较及固相萃取技术在氨基酸净化过程的方法探索,有效促进学生理论知识和实践能力的融合,在解决实际问题的过程中提升学生的科学素养及综合思维能力。     

论物质鉴别教学中学生创造性思维能力的培养

教师在教学中应当十分抓紧抓好学生学习心理中创造性思维的素质训练,从而达到培养和发展其创造性思维能力之目的。本文结合有关物质鉴别课题的教学实际,谈谈如何加强学生创造性思维能力的培养。     

高分子化学课程教学中的辩证思维

高分子化学是高分子学科重要的基础课程,在课程教学过程中培养学生的辩证思维能力,使学生学会用对立统一和发展变化的眼光看待问题,对提高学生的科研和技术开发能力至关重要。教师在授课过程中应运用辩证思维的方法,深入发掘课程内容中的思想精髓,同时充分利用文献资源中体现出来的思想方法,与课程内容广泛联系,引导学生进行深入讨论,使学生养成从不同角度全面深入思考问题的习惯,提高发现问题和解决问题的能力,逐步形成科学思维能力。     

比较教学法在仪器分析实验教学中的应用

仪器分析实验是化学及相关专业的重要实验课程。结合课程特点和培养目标,提出了将比较教学法融入课堂的教学方法,指出了意义和作用,介绍了教学中开展比较教学的实践与应用。该方法加强了学生对仪器功能特点的掌握,激发其实验兴趣和创新精神,学生的认知能力在比较过程中不断建构、丰富、提高和发展,取得了较好的效果。     

仪器分析课程教学与实验改革

结合应用化学专业学生的学习特点,对仪器分析课程教学与实验过程进行了改革尝试。     

浅谈中学化学实验仪器的规范教学

以“蒸馏烧瓶”这一仪器名称的误答情况展开分析,对必修教材中化学实验仪器的呈现方式进行统计与比较分析,深入调查学生对于化学仪器掌握的情况,从而引发改进中学化学实验仪器教学的思考。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.