聚合离子液体用作毛细管电泳背景电解质添加剂快速高效分离5种核苷类化合物

将聚乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑溴盐离子液体用作毛细管电泳背景电解质添加剂,利用聚合离子液体的阳离子聚合物性质静电吸附到毛细管内表面,成功实现电渗流的有效反转,建立了共电渗流模式下5种核苷类化合物分离的新方法。考察了聚合离子液体浓度、pH值等因素对电渗流的影响。在优化实验条件下,3.1 min内实现了对5种核苷类化合物的快速高效分离;将该方法分别与不加添加剂和加入离子液体单体后的体系进行对比,结果表明,该方法大大缩短了5种核苷类化合物的分析时间,提高了分析效率,最高柱效达95万/m塔板数,分析物的迁移时间RSD均不高于0.38%。该方法简单、快速、重复性好,具有很好的应用前景。     

新型毛细管等电聚焦驱动方法的建立及其应用

毛细管等电聚焦(CIEF)在生物分离分析领域中的发展迅速．CIEF可分为两步法聚焦和一步法聚焦．电渗流(EOF)可作为一种新的驱动力．Rassi等根据串连体系中电渗流速率将被平均化的原理,将未涂层毛细管与聚乙二醇涂层的毛细管通过聚四氟乙烯管耦合起来,成功地利用毛细管区带电泳快速分离蛋白．此外,利用电渗流输液原理设计的电渗泵还可用作流动注射和微柱液相色谱的驱动系统。     

径向电场调制毛细管电泳法用于蛋白质分离

利用自制的双向电场控制毛细管电泳新系统,考察了蛋白质的分离情况.结果发现,在低pH值下,通过施加径向电场,不仅可改变电渗流的大小和方向,而且能抑制蛋白质的吸附,进而实现对蛋白质分离效率和分离速度的调控.研究结果表明,可通过物理化学方法实现毛细管电泳的动态或随机调控,这对许多生物样品分离有实际意义.     

强阳离子交换整体柱的研制及其在电色谱多肽分离中的应用

以丙烯酸、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸为功能单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,正十二醇、1,4-丁二醇及二甲基亚砜为致孔剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,原位聚合制备了丙烯酰胺类强阳离子交换整体柱。考察了驱动电压、有机调节剂、盐浓度、pH值等对电渗流的影响。结果表明,电渗流与驱动电压的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9981;有机调节剂乙腈对电渗流的影响除与流动相的黏度有关外,还与固定相的溶胀有关,当浓度低时,电渗流随乙腈浓度的增加有反常的下降趋势;随着磷酸盐浓度逐渐增加,电渗流降低,与理论相符;在pH值为3～9范围内,电渗流基本上保持恒定,体现了整体柱使用酸碱范围宽的优越性。在优化的实验条件下,采用毛细管电色谱法在此整体柱上成功分离了5种多肽,体现了该类整体柱在多肽分离研究中的优势,为进一步将其应用于蛋白质分离研究打下了基础。     

以高度磺化的β－环糊精为手性选择剂的利伐斯狄明对映体毛细管电泳分离

利用高度磺化的β－环糊精为毛细管电泳手性选择剂，成功地分离了碱性药物利伐斯狄明，并且测定了其非消旋体样品的光学纯度。一般情况下碱性药物的分离是在酸性条件下进行的（pH＝2.5），目的是为了减小分析物在毛细管内壁的吸附。然而，对于利伐斯狄明，在pH 2.5时检测灵敏度较低，且不足以检测样品中低于1％的光学杂质；但实验发现提高缓冲液的pH值可以提高其检测灵敏度；而且，由于分析物在毛细管壁吸附造成的柱效降低可以通过线性聚丙烯酰胺动态涂层来抑制。本实验考察了环糊精的浓度，缓冲液的pH值和离子强度对分离度的影响，同时通过测定重现性，线性范围，最低检测限和最低检测量对方法进行了验证。最后在最佳条件下测定了非对映异构体样品的光学纯度。     

交联聚丙烯酰胺毛细管电泳涂层柱的制备及其应用

摘要建立了一种简便的制备交联聚丙烯酰胺型毛细管电泳涂层柱的方法. 所制备的涂层柱能够有效地抑制电渗流及蛋白质在管壁上的吸附. 考察了碱性蛋白质在pH=4。0的缓冲溶液中的分离, 迁移时间重现性误差小于2。1%. 对麻黄提取物中的生物碱进行了分离, 平均理论塔板数为24×105 plates/m.     

一种新型超支化聚酯物理吸附涂层毛细管电泳柱的制备及其对碱性蛋白质的分离

采用一步法和准一步法合成了以季戊四醇为核的两个系列的超支化聚酯,利用红外光谱、羟值测定等手段对分子结构进行了表征。利用超支化聚合物低粘度的特点,用物理吸附方法将其涂于毛细管电泳柱内壁,使其在毛细管内壁上形成稳定的超支化聚酯涂层。该涂层在pH 3.0~7.0范围内能够有效地抑制电渗流和蛋白质在毛细管壁上的吸附,在pH 5.0的缓冲液中分离碱性蛋白质时,分离柱效可达105塔板/m,具有良好的分离效果。     

应用四甲基氢氧化铵控制电渗流的毛细管电泳方法分离多沙唑嗪及其中间体的对映体

建立了毛细管电泳手性分离多沙唑嗪中间体对映体的方法,并同时分离了多沙唑嗪对映体。考察了不同种类季铵盐对电渗流及分离的影响,其中四甲基氢氧化铵(TMB)能有效控制电渗流并提高组分的分离度。实验还考察了其他因素,如pH值、分离电压和磷酸二氢钠浓度对分离的影响。所用的毛细管为40 cm(有效长度30 cm)×50 μm,缓冲液为12 mmol/L β-环糊精、30 mmol/L TMB、60 mmol/L 磷酸二氢钠(pH 2.2),分离电压为20 kV。在此条件下多沙唑嗪及其中间体的对映体均达到了基线分离。实验结果表明,一些用β-环糊精不能完全分离的对映体通过加入TMB控制电渗流能达到满意的分离效果。     

毛细管电泳-大体积样品堆积法测定地龙蛋白粉中地龙多肽

建立了一种简单灵敏的毛细管电泳-大体积样品堆积法同时分离检测4种地龙多肽，方法成功用于地龙多肽VQ-5、OEP3121、F-1及AQ-5的富集。实验中采用了高效毛细管电泳的大体积进样法并对电泳条件进行优化，获得最优条件：堆积电压为-20 kV,堆积时间为2 min,进样压力为20.68 kPa,进样时间为33 s,检测波长为215 nm。实验结果显示，4种地龙多肽可在11 min内完全分离，在各自线性范围内呈现良好的线性，相关系数均大于0.99,富集因子在7.7～30.3之间。将所建立的方法用于地龙蛋白粉中多肽的测定，测得地龙蛋白粉中多肽AQ-5的含量为0.0012%,回收率在91.97%～102.67%之间。该方法简单，快速且准确，适用于实际样品的分析。     

毛细管电泳法表征多肽及糖蛋白的稳定性

建立了毛细管电泳表征多肽和糖蛋白稳定性的方法。分别以血管紧张素II(Ang II)和植物血球凝集素(PHA)、牛凝血酶(B-Thr)、人凝血酶(H-Thr)、辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)4种糖蛋白为多肽和糖蛋白的模式分子。从样品浓度、电泳缓冲液、样品溶液pH和离子强度等方面优化了血管紧张素II的分离分析条件;从毛细管的选择、样品的电荷状态、电泳缓冲液的选择和分离电压的影响等方面讨论了糖蛋白的分离条件。Ang II和4种糖蛋白的稳定性试验结果表明:Ang II可在pH 7.4的硼酸盐缓冲液(0.02 mol/L)中于4℃下稳定放置48 h; 4种糖蛋白可在pH 7.4硼酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L)中于20,4,-20℃下稳定放置48 h;放置时间大于一周且小于四周时,在-20℃下各蛋白质均保持稳定;放置时间大于两周且小于四周时,只有HRP在上述3个温度下均保持稳定。该方法具有高效、快速、简单、低成本的特点,可广泛应用于多肽和蛋白质的稳定性表征。     

多肽新药研发策略研究进展

多肽药物具有生物活性高、药用剂量小、产业化开发优势明显等诸多优点,已成为全球关注的创新药物研发热点之一.但是其代谢不稳定、半衰期短及较难通透组织屏障等缺点严重阻碍了多肽新药在临床治疗中的广泛应用.为了解决这些限制多肽药物的瓶颈,本课题组发展了一系列的改造策略.通过这些策略的应用,以期加快多肽药物临床应用的步伐.本文主要结合本课题组的工作对多肽新药创制过程中所遇到的关键问题及解决思路进行综述.     

Response of peptide intensity to concentration in ESI–MS-based proteome

High-throughput quantification with label-free methods has received considerable attention in electrospray ionization(ESI)-mass spectrometry(MS),but the manner by which MS signals respond to peptide concentration remains unclear in proteomics.We developed a new mathematical formula to describe the intrinsic log-log relationship between the MS intensity response and peptide concentration in an analytical ESI process.Experimental results showed that the calibration curve is fairly fit to the log-log formula with a linear dynamic range of approximate four to five orders of magnitude.However,we found that the ionization of analytical peptides can be severely suppressed by coexisting matrix peptides,such that the calibration curve can be poorly leveled off on both ends.Our study suggests that the interferences from coexisting matrix peptides should be reduced in the ESI process to use the log-log calibration curve successfully for the high-throughput quantification.     

Structures of the Peptide Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro and Its Derivatives and the Nicotinamide Part of NADPH by a Semi-Empirical PM3 Method

The capability of peptides Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro (LPYP), Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro-Arg (LPYPR), and Ser-Pro-Tyr-Pro-Arg (SPYPR) to occupy the part of the binding site ascribed to NADPH in the active center of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase was analyzed using results from a semi-empirical PM3 method. The similarity of the peptide structures to NADPH was determined by comparing the relative contribution from projections of selected bond lengths in the peptides in two mutually perpendicular planes to the corresponding bond lengths in the nicotinamide part of the substrate. The correlation coefficient between the calculated average values of the relative contributions of the bonds and the inhibitory activity of these peptides is rather high (R = 0.926). This indicates that these peptides can occupy the part of the binding site for NADPH in the active center of the enzyme.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 56–59, January–February, 2005.     

HF‐Free Boc Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters for Ligation and Cyclization

We have developed a convenient method for the direct synthesis of peptide thioesters, versatile intermediates for peptide ligation and cyclic peptide synthesis. The technology uses a modified Boc SPPS strategy that avoids the use of anhydrous HF. Boc in situ neutralization protocols are used in combination with Merrifield hydroxymethyl resin and TFA/TMSBr cleavage. Avoiding HF extends the scope of Boc SPPS to post‐translational modifications that are compatible with the milder cleavage conditions, demonstrated here with the synthesis of the phosphorylated protein CHK2. Peptide thioesters give easy, direct, access to cyclic peptides, illustrated by the synthesis of cyclorasin, a KRAS inhibitor.     

多肽片段连接方法及肽硫酯和肽醛的合成*

本文综述了多肽和蛋白质合成中的片段连接方法,这是近年来多肽和蛋白质合成领域中方法学上的重要进展.该方法使用非保护的多肽片段,无需酶或化学活化试剂,在缓冲溶液中能够高产率地获得多肽和蛋白质.还介绍了与多肽片段连接有关的肽硫酯和肽醛的合成方法.     

PepPro: A Nonredundant Structure Data Set for Benchmarking Peptide–Protein Computational Docking

We present a nonredundant benchmark, coined PepPro, for testing peptide–protein docking algorithms. Currently, PepPro contains 89 nonredundant experimentally determined peptide–protein complex structures, with peptide sequence lengths ranging from 5 to 30 amino acids. The benchmark covers peptides with distinct secondary structures, including helix, partial helix, a mixture of helix and β-sheet, β-sheet formed through binding, β-sheet formed through self-folding, and coil. In addition, unbound proteins' structures are provided for 58 complexes and can be used for testing the ability of a docking algorithm handling the conformational changes of proteins during the binding process. PepPro should benefit the docking community for the development and improvement of peptide docking algorithms. The benchmark is available at http://zoulab.dalton.missouri.edu/PepPro_benchmark . © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Synthesis of a Novel Phosphorus Containing Antigen

The hydrolysis of peptide is one of the most important chemical processes in life chemistry. It is of great significance to study catalytic antibody, which is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis on a specific peptide bond. In recent years, we have successfully synthesized some tetrahedral geometry analogues mimicking that of the hippuryl phenylalanine 1 hydrolyzing transition state catalyzed by carboxypeptidase A(CPA)1,2, which is specific for cleavage of the C-terminal amino acid from an o…     

Current Synthetic Routes to Peptidyl Mono-Fluoromethyl Ketones (FMKs) and Their Applications

Peptidyl mono-fluoromethyl ketones (FMKs) are a class of biologically active molecules that show potential as both protease inhibitors for the treatment of a range of diseases and as chemical probes for the interrogation of cellular processes. This review describes the current solid- and solution-phase routes employed for the synthesis of peptidyl mono-FMKs. In addition, it provides a brief overview of some of the key applications of FMKs in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.     

蛋白酶在有机合成中应用的新进展

介绍了有机溶剂中酶促反应的一些基本概念, 总结了酶促反应的发展情况, 归纳了近几年来将蛋白酶应用于有机合成的一些新策略。     

Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides

Disulfide‐rich peptides containing three or more disulfide bonds are promising therapeutic and diagnostic agents, but their preparation is often limited by the tedious and low‐yielding folding process. We found that a single cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement could significantly increase the folding efficiency of disulfide‐rich peptides and thus improve their production yields. The practicality of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis and folding of derivatives of the μ‐conotoxin SIIIA, the preclinical hormone hepcidin, and the trypsin inhibitor EETI‐II. NMR and X‐ray crystallography studies confirmed that these derivatives of disulfide‐rich peptide retained the correct three‐dimensional conformations. Moreover, the cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement enabled structural tuning, thereby leading to an EETI‐II derivative with higher bioactivity than the native peptide.