用GC-MS法测定人血浆中班布特罗的含量

班布特罗是β2受体激动剂特布他林的前药.临床上用于支气管哮喘的治疗.研究表明,口服班布特罗生物利用度低.该药在体内首先经水解(由血浆胆碱酯酶催化)和氧化转化为特布他林,后者以原形或进一步代谢生成非活性产物从尿中排出体外.由于遗传(主要)和环境因素的影响,班布特罗的体内过程存在显著的个体差异.本项研究的目的是建立一种灵敏的检测方法,用于班布特罗的人体药代动力学研究.     

天花粉蛋白的聚乙二醇定点修饰及其性质的初步研究

用聚乙二醇(PEG)定点修饰天花粉蛋白(TCS), 并比较了修饰前后TCS的生物活性、免疫原性及药代动力学等诸多性质. 选择TCS分子上可能的抗原决定簇位点KR173-174进行定点突变, 并将所构建的突变体TCS_KR173-174CG在大肠杆菌中表达及纯化. 通过该突变体第173位引入的半胱氨酸残基进行PEG定点修饰. 通过比较研究, 分析所构建的PEG修饰型TCS的DNA酶活性、致核糖体失活活性、免疫原性、急性毒性以及药代动力学性质, 研究结果表明, 所构建的突变型TCS(mTCS)的活性与野生型TCS(wTCS)活性几乎相当, 而免疫原性已显著降低. PEG修饰型TCS虽有活性下降, 但其免疫原性、急性毒性以及药代动力学性质得到显著提升. 表明通过基因工程及化学修饰方法改造TCS是可行的, 所构建的突变型及PEG修饰型TCS值得进一步研究.     

高效液相色谱在生物医药研究中的应用第八讲高效液相色谱法分析体内药物及代谢产物

体内药物及其代谢产物的分析研究将为药浓度、药效和毒性之间的关系,为药物作用机理及药代动力学的研究提供科学的依据。因此近年来的进展令人瞩目,已成为药物研究的重要分支,并形成了一门新型的学科——《临床生物药物分析》。 由于体液中药物及代谢产物含量极微,又与大量内源性成分相混杂,因此。只有分析方法可靠才能     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术的应用进展

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术具有高分离能力、高灵敏度、应用范围广和极强的专属性等特点。对高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在药物分析、食品分析和环境分析等领域的应用,特别是在中草药成分分析、中药指纹图谱研究、药物代谢研究、体内药代动力学研究、西药及中成药成分分析、药物筛选研究等方面的应用进行了综述。     

基于药代动力学和代谢组学研究咖啡因对异丙嗪镇静作用的影响

采用药代动力学和代谢组学方法研究了咖啡因对异丙嗪镇静作用的影响. 首先, 采用航天警戒作业模拟系统和斯坦福睡眠量表, 比较了异丙嗪单独给药和联合咖啡因给药对志愿者认知功能的影响; 然后, 通过Kinetica软件计算异丙嗪在咖啡因联用前后的药代动力学参数变化, 并讨论可能的影响因素; 最后, 使用代谢组学方法对潜在生物标志物进行了鉴定. 实验结果表明, 咖啡因可以对抗异丙嗪的镇静作用, 并改善志愿者的认知功能. 这可能与联合给药后异丙嗪在体内代谢加快, 多巴胺, 去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素相关通路发生变化有关. 该方法为异丙嗪和咖啡因联合用药研究提供了新思路.     

4-(嘧啶-2-氨基)苯甲酰胺衍生物的设计、合成及Hedgehog信号通路抑制研究

Hedgehog信号通路是近年来抗肿瘤靶向治疗药物研究的一个新热点.本研究以4-(嘧啶-2-氨基)苯甲酰胺为母核,基于先导化合物1的构效关系,设计并合成了14个未见文献报道的4-(嘧啶-2-氨基)苯甲酰胺类Hedgehog信号通路抑制剂,并进行了初步的抗Hedgehog信号通路活性筛选.结果表明:所合成的化合物均表现出较好的Hedgehog信号通路抑制活性,其中化合物8e的活性最好,IC50为5.0 nmol?L-1,高于阳性药GDC-0449;同时在体内药代性质研究中,8e相比化合物1,药代性质均有所改善.     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定大鼠血浆中的奈替米星

建立了一种简便、灵敏的氯甲酸芴甲酯(FMOC-Cl)柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测血浆中奈替米星的新方法,同时研究了其药代动力学。对色谱条件进行了优化,采用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比为85:15),流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测激发波长为265 nm,发射波长为315 nm,得到奈替米星的平均加标回收率为96.62%～100.84%(n=3),对奈替米星检测的线性范围为0.045～8.88 mg/L,相关系数为0.9993,方法的日内与日间精密度分别低于3%与3.5%,最低检出限(S/N=3)与定量限(以3倍检出限计)分别为0.01和0.03 mg/L。方法简便、快速、灵敏,样品用量少(30 μL奈替米星血浆溶液已能满足该药含量的测定以及药物代谢的研究),为大鼠体内奈替米星的药代动力学研究提供了可靠的分析手段。     

氨基二硫代甲酸酯类抗肿瘤药物研究Ⅱ.环磷酰胺类氨基二硫代甲酸酯的合成及活性

恶性肿瘤是一类严重威胁人类健康及生命的常见病、多发病.环磷酰胺是目前临床上应用最广泛的药物之一,该药属于潜伏型生物烷化剂,在体内经混和功能氧化酶活化后,选择性的作用于肿瘤组织,但易造成骨髓抑制等副作用.为降低其毒副作用,在环磷酰胺的结构改造方面已做了大量的工作.本课题组在最近的研究中发现,一些氨基二硫代甲酸酯类化合物不但具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,而且毒性较低[1].同时,我们根据药物化学的拼和原理,将烷化剂类抗肿瘤药物胍血生制成氨基二硫代甲酸酯类衍生物,同样具有明显的抗肿瘤活性[2].基于上述结果,本文设计合成了一系列环磷酰胺类氨基二硫代甲酸酯,体内活性试验正在进行中.     

白蛋白作为药物载体的研究

白蛋白作为药物载体的应用已越来越广泛,其载药方式主要有两种:一是使药物和白蛋白载体间产生分子链接形成白蛋白化药物,即化学偶联的白蛋白载药;二是依赖蛋白与药物的相互作用将药物包埋于白蛋白纳米颗粒中,即物理结合的白蛋白载药。化学偶联白蛋白可改善药物的药代动力学特性,其中又可分为外源性白蛋白与药物耦合、前体药物进入体内与内源性白蛋白结合、蛋白及多肽类药物的白蛋白化。物理结合则可优化药物某些体外特性,如提高溶解性、稳定性等。基于临床应用的需求,作为载体的白蛋白正历经着修饰及改性的研究热潮。本文总结了近年来白蛋白载药技术的发展及白蛋白的修饰改性现状。     

弱聚电解质水凝胶溶胀释药的数值模拟

在三相模型的基础上,结合Langmuir等温吸附方程和药物释放方程,建立了弱聚电解质水凝胶溶胀释药的数学模型;运用有限元方法,研究了药物在弱聚电解质水凝胶内均匀分布时凝胶体系的材料参数对溶胀及释药性能的影响;分析了水凝胶在不同阶段的释药机理;比较了药物在载药基体内的均匀分布和不均匀分布模式对凝胶释药性能的影响,当药物在载药基体内正弦分布时呈现零级释药动力学特点;对比分析了模拟结果与实验结果,验证了弱聚电解质水凝胶溶胀释药模型的准确性.     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Hard and soft acids and bases: structure and process

Under investigation is the structure and process that gives rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic atomic bases. That for simple atomic bases the chemical hardness is expected to be the only extrinsic component of acid-base strength, has been substantiated in the current study. A thermochemically based operational scale of chemical hardness was used to identify the structure within anionic atomic bases that is responsible for chemical hardness. The base's responding electrons have been identified as the structure, and the relaxation that occurs during charge transfer has been identified as the process giving rise to hard-soft behavior. This is in contrast the commonly accepted explanations that attribute hard-soft behavior to varying degrees of electrostatic and covalent contributions to the acid-base interaction. The ability of the atomic ion's responding electrons to cause hard-soft behavior has been assessed by examining the correlation of the estimated relaxation energies of the responding electrons with the operational chemical hardness. It has been demonstrated that the responding electrons are able to give rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic bases.     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Preparation and photolysis of poly-p-ethylacrylophenone and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone and their copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate

Poly-p-ethylacrylophenone (PPEtAP) and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone (PPClAP) and their copolymers with styrene (PEtAP/S) and (PClAP/S) and with methyl methacrylate (PEtAP/MMA) and (PClAP/MMA) were prepared. Quantum yields of main-chain scissions at 366 nm at room temperature in benzene solution are of the same order as those of the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers. Substitution with chlorine and ethyl group in the para position compared to the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers leads to an increase of the lifetime for the n–π^* excited triplet state, as is evident from the measured quenching constants of photolysis. The low-temperature emission spectra of the copolymers are similar to the spectra of the model compounds in a polymer film. For the homopolymer, however, the character of the emission spectrum changes considerably.     

Concentrations and distributions of trace and minor elements in Chinese and Canadian coals and ashes

A total of 35 trace and minor elements including some of environmental significance were determined in each of a selection of 15 Chinese and 6 Canadian thermal coals and their ashes by using the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor facility of the University of Toronto. The concentrations and distributions of these constituents among the coals and their combustion products (viz. ash and volatile matter) are presented together with an interpretation of their significance in relation to the large scale combustion of these coals as thermal fuels in industrialized countries such as China and Canada. The detailed results showed wide variations in trace impurity concentrations (up to a factor of 100 and more) among the coals studied with few large differences between those of Chinese and Canadian origin except that the rare earths, Sc, Th, U, I, and Se were much higher in the former, other halogens, As and Na were lower. Values for elemental enrichment factors (EF) relative to normal crustal abundances indicated that only As(EF=13), Br(5.7), I(16), S(230), Sb(11) and Se(320) were appreciably enriched in coal. During static ashing at 750°C most of the halogens, S and Se were volatilized whereas most other inorganic constituents were highly retained and concentrated in the ash by factors of 6 to 11.