铝粉催化肉桂酸酯衍生物区域选择和立体选择性氨溴加成反应研究

在铝粉催化下, 以对甲苯磺酰胺(TsNH₂)和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)为氮源和卤素源, 二氯甲烷作溶剂, 建立了肉桂酸酯双键上的高度区域选择和立体选择性氨卤加成反应新体系. 该法在室温下, 无需惰性气体保护可高产率的给出邻位氨基、卤素的加成产物, 最高收率可达97%. 实验证明, 当肉桂酸酯中与双键直接相连苯环上对位具有强给电子基团时(如CH₃O), 该反应的产率高, 同时得到唯一的α-溴-β-氨基肉桂酸酯加成产物|当肉桂酸酯中与双键直接相连苯环对位不具有强给电子基团(如CH₃O)时, 该反应的产率较低, 同时得到唯一的α-氨基-β-溴的肉桂酸酯加成产物. 这一实验结果证明了肉桂酸酯衍生物(缺电子烯键)的氨溴加成反应是一个亲电加成反应. 共考察了20种不同结构的肉桂酸酯的氨溴加成反应情况, 其产物结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、质谱及元素分析方法进行了确证, 并对该反应的机理进行了探讨.     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物,二溴海因为氮源/卤素源,乙腈作溶剂,建立了碳碳双键上高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应新体系.β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因在室温无水碳酸钠催化下反应,可高收率获得邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达97%;β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物在氢氧化钾催化下回流反应,也可高收率得到邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达95%.实验结果表明,对于硝基苯乙烯衍生物,当苯环4-位具有强供电子基团如CH3O时,可以得到单一的α-氨基-β-溴加成产物,但其收率相对较低;当硝基苯乙烯衍生物的苯环4-位有强吸电子基团如NO2时,反应收率则很高.这一实验结果证明β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物(缺电子烯烃)与二溴海因的氨溴加成反应具有亲核加成的特征.本文共考察了20种不同结构的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应情况,其产物结构经核磁共振波谱及质谱分析确证,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物, 二溴海因为氮源/卤素源, 乙腈作溶剂, 建立了碳碳双键上高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应新体系. β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因在室温无水碳酸钠催化下反应, 可高收率获得邻位氨溴加成产物, 最高收率达97%; β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物在氢氧化钾催化下回流反应, 也可高收率得到邻位氨溴加成产物, 最高收率达95%. 实验结果表明, 对于硝基苯乙烯衍生物, 当苯环4-位具有强供电子基团如CH₃O时, 可以得到单一的α-氨基-β-溴加成产物, 但其收率相对较低; 当硝基苯乙烯衍生物的苯环4-位有强吸电子基团如NO₂时, 反应收率则很高. 这一实验结果证明β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物(缺电子烯烃)与二溴海因的氨溴加成反应具有亲核加成的特征. 本文共考察了20种不同结构的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应情况, 其产物结构经核磁共振波谱及质谱分析确证, 并提出了可能的反应机理.     

K_3PO_4-催化的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与乙酰胺、NBS的区域专一性氨溴加成反应研究

在无水磷酸钾催化下,以乙酰胺（CH3CONH2）和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）为氮源和卤素源,丙酮作溶剂,建立了β-硝基苯乙烯双键上的区域专一性氨溴加成反应新体系.该法在室温下,无需惰性气体保护可高收率的获得邻位氨卤加成产物,最高收率可达79%.实验证明,当β-硝基苯乙烯中苯环4-位具有强供电子基团时（如CH3O）,该...     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与丙烯酰胺及N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的区域专一性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物,丙烯酰胺和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)为氮源和卤素源,建立了碳-碳双键上的选择性氨溴加成反应新体系.以二氯甲烷为溶剂,在没有惰性气体保护及乙醇钠促进下,β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与丙烯酰胺和NBS于室温反应即可高收率地获得α-氨基-β,β-二溴加成产物,最高收率达83%;以甲醇为溶剂,在无水碳酸钠作用下,β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物也可高收率地获得相应的邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达97%.共考察了25种不同结构β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应,结果表明,该反应具有广泛的适应性.采用核磁共振波谱及质谱表征了产物的结构,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

功能化烯胺的合成(II):一锅法由缺电子烯烃合成相应的α-脱氢氨

建立了一锅法由缺电子烯烃合成相应α-脱氢氨的新方法.缺电子烯烃(包括α,β-不饱和酯和α,β-不饱和酮)与对甲基苯磺酰胺/NBS在二氯甲烷中,室温下铝粉催化,首先发生双键上的氨溴加成反应,得到邻位氨基溴化合物.氨溴加成产物不经分离,再在二氯甲烷/DMF(V∶V=1∶1)的混合溶剂中,在碳酸钾/硫脲的催化下,各种邻位氨基溴的酯和邻位氨基溴的酮均能被顺利地转化成相应的α-脱氢氨.共考察了27种缺电子烯烃的反应行为,最高收率可达97%,证明该方法具有广泛的适应性.对所有产物的结构分析证明(1H NMR),所得到的脱氢氨,其氨基均处在羰基的α-位,证明该反应具有区域专一性.     

2-羟基-β-硝基苯乙烯与硫叶立德的[4+1]环加成反应构建二氢苯并呋喃类化合物

在无催化剂的条件下，研究了2-羟基-β-硝基苯乙烯与硫叶立德的[4+1]环加成反应，考察了溶剂和温度对反应收率及非对映选择性的影响，以99%的收率和>20/1的非对映选择性合成了一系列2,3-二氢苯并呋喃类化合物，其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）确证。     

2-溴-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛高选择性脱甲基反应

以藜芦醛为起始原料,经溴化反应制得中间体2-溴-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛,选择性脱除甲基合成了6-溴香草醛和6-溴异香草醛,收率分别为87.0%和80.2%,其结构经¹H NMR确证。     

8-三甲基硅乙炔基-6-吡啶-2-基-4H-苯并[f]咪唑并[1,5-a][1,4]二氮杂-3-羧酸乙酯的合成

报道了GABA_A受体的α2/α3选择性配体(HZ-166)的关键中间体8-三甲基硅乙炔基-6-吡啶-2-基-4H-苯并[f]咪唑并[1,5-a][1,4]二氮杂-3-羧酸乙酯(HZ-165)的一种合成方法。该方法以4-溴-2-(2’-吡啶基羰基)苯胺为原料,经亲核加成、关环反应、Vilsmeier-Haack反应和Sonogashira反应合成得到目标产物,产物结构经¹H NMR和MS(ESI)确证。      

三氟甲基取代叔丁基亚磺酰亚胺的不对称aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应

三氟甲基取代的N-叔丁基亚磺酰亚胺和α, β-不饱和羰基化合物在三乙烯二胺(DABCO)和Ti(OⁱPr)₄共催化下反应，实现了底物诱导的不对称aza- Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应，以高产率(49%~97 %)，高非对映选择性(dr>99/1)合成了一系列N-叔丁基亚磺酰基-α-甲亚基-β-三氟甲基-β-氨基酸酯产物。该产物经脱保护、关环可进一步转化为光学纯的α-甲亚基-β-三氟甲基-β-内酰胺类化合物，产物结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR和HR-MS确证。      

Site-selective and stereoselective intramolecular (2pi + 2pi) photocycloaddition of arylalkenes to pyrene and its photocycloreversion

Irradiation of a benzene solution containing methyl p-(1-pyrenylmethoxymethyl)cinnamate (1a) with a high-pressure Hg lamp through Pyrex filter stereoselectively gave an intramolecular (2pi + 2pi) photocycloadduct (2a) in an 83% yield in a site-selective manner at the 4,5-position of the pyrene ring. Similar irradiation of an ortho-substituted derivative (3) afforded the corresponding (2pi + 2pi) cycloadduct (4) as a sole product at the 9,10-position of pyrene. The site-selective photocycloaddition can be reasonably explained by the intramolecular sandwich-type singlet exciplexes between the pyrene and phenyl rings.     

Base-catalyzed Formation of Enamines from β,β-Dicyanostyrene Derivatives with N-Bromosaccharin

A new method for the synthesis of functional enamines from β,β-dicyanostyrene derivatives and N-bromosaccharin(NBSA) was developed. In the presence of Na₂CO₃, the the reaction of β,β-dicyanostyrene derivatives with NBSA can generate the corresponding enamines smoothly in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)(volume ratio 1:1) at 50℃. The reaction of 14 kinds of β,β-dicyanostyrene derivatives with NBSA was investigated. Screened olefins afforded the corresponding enamines in good to excellent yields(up to 94%), indicating that the method has a wide adaptability for the substrate. The catalyst used is inexpensive and stable for storage. The amino groups of all products in their structures are on the α-position of products, revealing the reaction has an excellent regioselectivity. The possible pathway involving aminobromination of β,β-dicyanostyrene derivative with NBSA first and then elimination of HBr process in one pot has been proposed. The structures of all products were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS analysis.     

Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction of benzenes with olefins in the presence of molybdovanadophosphoric acid under atmospheric dioxygen and air

The direct oxidative coupling reaction of benzenes with alkenes bearing an electron-withdrawing group was successfully achieved by the use of Pd(OAc)(2)/molybdovanadophosphoric acid (HPMoV) as the key catalyst under O(2) or air atmosphere. Thus, the reaction of benzene with ethyl acrylate under air (1 atm) assisted by Pd(OAc)(2)/HPMoV afforded ethyl cinnamate as a major product in satisfactory yield (74%). This catalytic system could be extended to the coupling reactions between various substituted benzenes and alkenes through the direct aromatic C-H bond activation. In the reaction of benzene with ethyl acrylate under O(2) (1 atm), the best turn-over number (TON) of Pd(OAc)(2) reached was 121. This reaction provides a green route to cinnamate derivatives, which are important precursors of a variety of pharmaceuticals.     

DFT study on the reaction mechanism and regioselectivity for the [1,2]-anionic rearrangement of 2-benzyloxypyridine derivatives

The reaction mechanism of the [1,2]-anionic rearrangement of 2-benzyloxypyridines has been investigated using DFT calculations. Calculated results indicate that: the deprotonation step is relatively fast and the rearrangement step is the rate-determining step; electron-donating group on the benzene ring decreases the activation energy of the rearrangement, which correlates with an increase in reaction yield, while electron-withdrawing groups show the opposite effect. The rearrangement is calculated to proceed by way of an oxirane-like transition state that had previously been postulated as a transient intermediate. Furthermore, the mechanism for the rearrangement of 2-(benzyloxy)nicotinonitrile was discussed. The quick formation of the five membered ring intermediate leads to the predominant formation of 2-phenylfuro[2,3-b]pyridin-3-amine. The calculation results indicate the possibilities of derivatizing the starting pyridyl ether as well as facilitating the rearrangement reaction by adding an appropriate electron-donating group on the benzene ring or electron-withdrawing group on the pyridine ring for future studies.     

几种4-取代-L-脯氨酸衍生物的合成

以Boc-(4R)-羟基-(2S)-脯氨酸为原料,在NaH作用下与苄位溴代试剂发生醚化反应,合成了几种4-取代-L-脯氨酸类手性催化剂,即在(4R)-羟基-(2S)-脯氨酸的4-位上引入不同的苄氧基以期提高其催化活性和脂溶性,并通过1 H NMR、13 C NMR和HRMS对合成产物的结构进行表征,确定其为目标产物.实验结果还表明,当苯环上连有强的吸电子基团时反应很难进行,而当连有给电子基团时反应相对较容易进行且反应条件较温和.     

Hypervalent iodine-mediated aminobromination of olefins in water

The PhI(OAc)₂-catalyzed aminobromination of electron-deficient olefins has been achieved in pure water with TsNH₂ and NBS as nitrogen and bromine sources, respectively. With a catalytic amount of PhI(OAc)₂, various olefins including α,β-unsaturated ketones, cinnamates, and cinnamides could be aminobrominated efficiently, giving the vicinal bromoamines in good yields and high regio- and diastereoselectivities. Utilizing water as solvent was crucial to realize this aminobromination reaction catalytically. The regioselectivity for the aminobromination of styrenes under the present aqueous conditions was also dramatically improved.     

N,N-dihalophosphoramides-XVI: Ionic addition of diethyl n,n-dibromophosphoroamidate (DBPA) to alkenes and cycloalkenes

The addition of DBPA to a variety of phenylethylenes, straight-chain terminal and nonterminal alkenes as well as cycloalkenes in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate has been investigated. It was found that the reaction proceeds smoothly at -20° by adding an olefin to the solution of equimolar amounts of DBPA and boron trifluoride etherate in tetrachloromethane. N-Bromoadducts (mixtures or single isomers depending upon the structure of the olefin) initially formed could be reduced in situ with sodium bisulphite solution to give the corresponding diethyl N-(β-bromoalkyl)phosphoroamidates which in turn afforded β-bromoamine hydrochlorides upon treatment with hydrogen chloride in benzene at room temperature. The regiospecificity typical for Markovnikov addition, as proven by NMR and MS evidence, was observed for unsymmetrical phenylethylenes. The addition of DBPA to (E)-1-phenylpropene, (E)-2-butene, and (Z)-2-butene was also found to proceed stereospecifically affording the corresponding anti-adducts. These results are fully compatible with an ionic addition pathway and can be rationalized by assuming the intermediate formation of an electrophilic complex between DBPA and boron trifluoride. The reaction offers a new approach to aminobromination of alkenes and cycloalkenes and makes possible an easy access to β-bromoamines, the convenient precursors of aziridines.     

Cyclopentene Synthesis from 1,3-Dienes via Base-Induced Ring Contraction of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-thiopyrans: Studies on Diastereoselection and Mechanism

An investigation of the scope and mechanism of a new synthesis of cyclopentenes from 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans is described. Alkyl halides substituted with an electron-withdrawing group in the alpha-position were reacted with sodium thiosulfate, yielding the corresponding Bunte salts, which could be transformed to reactive thiocarbonyl compounds by elimination of the elements of bisulfite with mild base treatment. In situ trapping by 1,3-dienes afforded in good yields a variety of 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans substituted with electron-withdrawing groups at the 2-position. Exposure of these cycloadducts to strong base at low temperature effected a novel ring contraction, affording 2-(methylthio)-3-cyclopentenes after quenching with methyl iodide. The level of diastereoselectivity exhibited during the generation of these cyclopentenes was found to be dependent on the nature of the electron-withdrawing group at the 2-position of the dihydrothiopyran as well as the substitution pattern originally present in the diene component. In some cases, reducing the temperature during the ring contraction resulted in the isolation of good yields of vinyl cyclopropanes of high isomeric purity. With one substrate, highly diastereoselective rearrangement of a vinyl cyclopropane to a cyclopentene was unambiguously demonstrated, suggesting that this might be a key feature of the overall ring contraction mechanism.     

(+)‐Tartaric Acid‐Catalyzed High Regio‐ and Stereoselective Aminobromination of Olefins

(+)‐Tartaric acid‐catalyzed aminobromination of α,β‐unsaturated ketones, α,β‐unsaturated esters and simple olefins utilizing TsNH₂/NBS as the nitrogen/halogen sources at room temperature without protection of inert gases achieved good yields (up to 92% yield) of vicinal haloamino products with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity, even just 10% of (+)‐tartaric acid was used as catalyst. The regio‐ and stereochemistry was unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray structural analysis of products 2b and 12c . The electron‐rich and deficient olefins show significant differences in activity to the aminobromination reaction and give the opposite regioselectivities. The 21 cases have been investigated which indicated that our protocol has the advantage of a large scope of olefins. Additionally, tartaric acid as catalyst has the advantage of avoiding any hazardous metals retained in products.