SDS/正戊醇-二甲苯-水(盐水)拟三元体系相图和电导研究及纳米ZnO的制备

实验绘制了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正戊醇(n-C₅H₁₀OH)-二甲苯[C₆H₄(CH₃)₂]-水[或Zn(NO₃)₂溶液]四组分微乳液体系在不同温度时的拟三元相图. 测定了电导率随水(或盐溶液)含量变化的规律, 电导的规律与相图吻合. 依据电解质理论探讨了微乳液的微观结构, 研究表明, 温度对油包水(W/O)反相微乳液区域影响不大, 电解质的加入对油包水(W/O)反相微乳液区域影响较大. 通过SDS/正戊醇-二甲苯-H₂O及SDS/正戊醇-二甲苯-盐水的拟三元体系的相图观察及实验研究, 选择乳化剂(SDS/正戊醇)与二甲苯质量比为4:6的微乳液作为最佳条件, 制备出了ZnO纳米粒子.     

β-胡萝卜素微乳液的制备及其稳定性研究

通过绘制拟三元相图选择合适的微乳液组分,制备了β-胡萝卜素的Tween80/乙醇/丁酸乙酯/H2O的O/W型微乳液。考察了温度、盐度和pH对微乳液区域的影响:电导率法区分了微乳液的O/W、W/O和B.C(油-水双连续型)区域;对相同浓度β-胡萝卜素的微乳液和丁酸乙酯溶液进行了光、热稳定性研究,用紫外分光光度法测定样品中β-胡萝卜素的残存率。结果表明,温度升高和pH降低使微乳区稍有减小,盐度对微乳区基本无影响;微乳体系中水的质量分数大于61·5%时形成O/W型微乳液;β-胡萝卜素在微乳液和丁酸乙酯溶液中对光和热都比较敏感,但在微乳液中较稳定。     

碱和盐对十二烷基硫酸钠/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元体系相图影响

拟三元相图的研究可为获得制备纳米材料的微乳液提供理论依据。本文首先通过实验绘制了45℃下十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正戊醇-环己烷-水溶液体系的拟三元相图,并用电导法进行了验证,说明电导的测定结果与相图吻合的很好。其次,绘制了45℃及65℃下,SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水、SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-硝酸锌水溶液和SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-氢氧化钠水溶液体系的拟三元相图并对6个相图进行了比较,研究了碱(NaOH)和盐(Zn(NO_3)_2)对SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元体系相图影响。结果表明,硝酸锌及碱的加入使SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-水拟三元相图水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)区域明显的缩小。45℃时,SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-氢氧化钠水溶液体系的拟三元相图中的O/W区域甚至消失;65℃时,O/W和W/O区域均存在,且3个相图的W/O和O/W区域有重叠区。在此基础上,确定了制备纳米Zn O的微乳液的条件,即SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-硝酸锌水溶液和SDS/正戊醇-环己烷-氢氧化钠水溶液体系的拟三元相图中W/O区域的重叠区(各相图中的Ⅱ区)。制备的纳米氧化锌为多晶结构,平均粒径为80 nm。     

CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-水和盐水的拟三元体系相图及微乳液微观结构的电导研究

绘制了CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-水和Al(NO₃)3(或Na2WO4)盐水拟三元体系的35℃相图.用电导法并结合电解质理论讨论了微乳液的微观结构,将整个微乳液单相区分为W/O微乳区、O/W微乳区和B.C.双连续区,并且用渗滤理论确定了一个分散相质点为W/O球状结构的反胶团微乳液区.     

水/[NH_2 ebim][PF_6]/Triton X-100/正丁醇/环己烷微乳液体系的制备

采用自制的功能离子液体1-(胺乙基)-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([NH_2ebim][PF6]),制备了水/[NH_2ebim][PF_6]/Triton X-100/正丁醇/环己烷微乳液体系,通过动态光散射技术测定微乳液的粒径分布和分散相浓度,通过电导率仪测定体系电导率的变化,由这两种分析方法确定微乳液类型,微乳液类型被分为表面活性剂与水的互溶相包油型(O/S+W)和水包油型(O/W),并绘制出拟三元相图;通过耗散动力学(DPD)模拟不同水含量时微乳液体系中的聚集行为,模拟结果呈现出的微乳液类型与实验测定分析结果一致,证明了相图绘制的正确性;文中还考察了Triton X-100与正丁醇的比例对微乳液区域的影响,实验结果表明,随着Triton X-100与正丁醇的比例增加微乳液区域增大。     

阴离子型微乳液的电导行为及其溶液结构

根据电导测量,研究了属于W/O→双连续→O/W一类微乳液的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正丁醇/辛烷/水体系的溶液结构.并探讨了表面活性剂离子对微乳液导电行为的贡献,以及表面活性剂与助表面活性剂含量、油含量对微乳液溶液结构的影响.微乳液的导电行为在W/O子区域中主要是由于SDS阴离子和在O/W子区域中是由于Na离子的影响.在双连续区(IZ)中SDS阴离子和Na阳离子都能影响导电行为增加表面活性剂含量有助于形成O/W微乳液,而助表面活性剂和油含量都增加有助于于形成W/O微乳液.     

不同因素对高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳液相图的影响

通过电导率的测定研究了高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳液的结构及结构转变, 绘制了不同条件下高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳体系的拟三元相图, 讨论了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)摩尔分数、电解质浓度、温度等因素对各类型微乳区形成的影响. 结果表明: ①随着SDBS摩尔分数增大, W/O型微乳区面积先减小后增大, BC和O/W型面积先增大后减小; ②随着电解质浓度增大, W/O、BC和O/W型微乳区面积均先增大后减小; ③随着温度升高, W/O型微乳区面积增大, BC和O/W型面积均减小.     

芳砜在微环境中的光化学反应

本文研究了十二烷基磺酸钠-正戊醇-水三组分体系相图, 并用小角度X衍射仪确定了相图中液晶区域为层状。在不同微环境(W/O型微乳液、液晶、O/W型微乳液)中, 研究了对甲基苄基苄基砜(ASO2B)的光化学反应影响。结果发现微环境对反应产物分布(笼效应)有很大影响。外加磁场明显降低笼效应。证实了芳砜的光化学反应经历自由基中间体, 并且反应的激发态为三重态。     

载药微乳液相行为的研究

提出了一种基于相图研究实现纳米药物载体可控制备的方法.采用微乳液控温相图绘制装置绘制了硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯(S-40)/聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物(F-68)/单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)/水体系的拟三元相图,基于电导率测定值确定了微乳液的结构(W/O、双连续相和O/W),该体系同时存在液晶区域.乳化剂S-40/F-68的质量比为7:3.研究了脂溶性药物维甲酸(RA)对微乳液相行为的影响，结果表明RA的加入对微乳液的相行为影响较小.基于相图研究结果制备了维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒(RA-SLN),亚微米粒度分析仪(PCS)测定的平均粒径和透射电镜测试都表明RA-SLN为10 nm左右的球状粒子.     

醇对高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳液相图的影响

通过电导率的测定研究了高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳液的结构结构及结构转变。在表面活性剂、高效氯氟氰菊酯环己酮溶液、醇相对含量一定的情况下,当醇为乙醇时,微乳液经历了由W/O到双连续最后到O/W型的变化;当醇为正辛醇时,微乳液经历了由W/O到液晶、双连续最后到O/W型的变化。绘制了不同条件下高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳体系的拟三元相图,讨论了醇种类、醇含量对各类型微乳区形成的影响。结果表明,随着醇碳链的增大,微乳区面积先增大后减小;醇(正辛醇)固定时,随着醇含量增加,微乳区面积先减小后增大。     

Tween80/BmimPF6/醇/甲苯体系的相行为

以环境友好型的Tween80为表面活性剂, 以醇(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、正癸醇和异戊醇)为助表面活性剂, 对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmimPF6)和甲苯进行了微乳化实验, 绘制了不同条件下Tween80离子液体的微乳体系的拟三元相图, 考察了醇的种类、含量对单相微乳区的影响, 并用电导法研究了在乙醇为助表面活性剂情况下, 单相微乳区的结构转变. 结果表明, 当醇(异戊醇)固定时, 随着表面活性剂/醇的质量比增加, 单相微乳区的面积逐渐增大; 不同链长的直链醇对单相微乳区的面积影响与该醇在离子液体中的溶解情况有关, 单相微乳区的面积随着直链醇链长的增加而越小; 当乙醇作助表面活性剂时, 所得到的单相微乳区的面积最大, 且单相微乳区存在着O/IL(oil-in-ionic liquid)、双连续相和IL/O(ionic liquid-in-oil)三种微结构. 尤其对离子液体微乳体系的电导随油的含量的增加而最初增大的现象进行了解释, 这一现象是由于油主要起到减少离子液体中离子对或离子的积聚, 提高带电离子淌度的作用.     

Phase Behavior of n‐Butanol/n‐Octane/Water/Cationic Gemini Surfactant System

Phase diagrams of the n‐butanol/n‐octane/water/(12‐3‐12,2Br^?1) system were determined, where n‐octane usually represents oil (O), 12‐3‐12,2Br^?1 is a gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene‐1,3‐bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide) abbreviated as S, and n‐butanol is a co‐surfactant written as A. Effects of the weight ratio of gemini surfactant to cosurfactant, S/A, and of temperature on the phase behavior were studied. The microemulsion structures including O/W, bi‐continuous (B.C.), W/O, and liquid crystal were determined by the conductivity method and polarization measurement. Experimental results show that the gemini surfactant, used facilitates the formation of microemulsions compared with its corresponding monomeric surfactant, n‐dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). When S/A=1/1, and the total concentration of gemini surfactant and alcohol is 20–40%, microemulsions with higher water content can form in a wider region. When the temperature increases, the size and position of each type of microemulsion region changes notably.     

溶剂极性对高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳液相行为及其稳定性的影响

高效氯氟氰菊酯; 微乳液; 极性;荧光探针     

Preparation and in vitro Release Test of Insulin Loaded W/O Microemulsion

A W/O microemulsion of Tween‐80‐Span‐80/n‐butylalcohol/ethyl‐oleate/H₂O to envelop insulin (INS) was prepared. In order to obtain the maximum solved water, the components of microemulsion to envelop INS were chosen with the pseudo‐ternary phase diagram and the influences of temperature, salinity as well as the pH on microemulsion areas also were investigated. To test the properties of the microemulsion, the conductance was used to divide O/W, W/O and BC regions, the dynamic light scattering to evaluate the particle diameters of microemulsion, the ¹²⁵I isotope tracing method to measure the release rate of INS loaded in W/O microemulsion, and the growth inhibitory effect test to appraise the cytotoxicity on human normal cells. Results show that W/O microemulsion forms when water content below 50% in the microemulsion system. The microemulsion region decreases slightly with the increase of temperature, salinity and the decrease of pH. However, the viscosity measurements along certainly selected dilution lines to the microemulsion indicate that no phase invert occurred. Diameter of microemulsion particle increases with the addition of INS, and the increase is sharp in the first 5 days then very slightly at 68.6 nm within a month. The INS loaded W/O microemulsion possesses eminent sustaining release efficiency and the cytostatic as well as cytotoxic assays illustrate that the microemulsion can be used as drug delivery at small dosage.     

丙烯酸酯及苯乙烯微乳体系的相行为及微乳聚合

甲基丙烯酸甲酯;十二烷基磺酸钠;十二烷基磺酸钠;丙烯酸酯及苯乙烯微乳体系的相行为及微乳聚合     

Microemulsion of Tween‐80/n‐Butylalcohol/H2O System and Its Entrapment Efficiency of ATRA

Microemulsion of Tween‐80/n‐butylalcohol/H₂O system was prepared, and the microemulsion region as well as the influence of temperature and concentration of NaCl on the region were determined with ternary diagrams. The O/W, W/O, and B.C. regions were divided by the conductance method. The particle diameters of microemulsions with different NaCl concentrations or microemulsion‐enveloping all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were measured with dynamic light scattering in O/W region. The release rate of ATRA was studied with dialysis a bag‐ultraviolet spectrophotometers and the anticancer activity of ATRA in microemulsion was investigated with cancer cells H446. Results showed that O/W microemulsion forms when water content is over 64% in the mixture. The influences of temperature and salinity on microemulsion region were very slight, and even the particle diameter decreased very little with increasing salt and ATRA concentrations. The microemulsion‐enveloping ATRA possessed eminent sustaining release efficiencys and the efficiency was further confirmed with the growth inhibitory effect test on human cancer cells H446.