超声辐射下合成含苯并噻喃片段的新颖螺吲哚类化合物及其抗真菌活性

探索了一种快速、高效的超声合成方法,通过三组分一锅法合成了20个2'-氨基-2-氧代-5'H-螺[吲哚啉-3,4'-苯并噻喃[4,3-b]吡喃]-3'-甲腈类结构新颖的螺吲哚化合物.所得到的化合物均由1H NMR,13C NMR和HRMS确证.研究了超声对产率和反应时间的影响.采用微量稀释法对所合成的化合物进行了抗真菌活性的测定.其中,化合物4f对新生隐球菌、絮状表皮癣菌和总状毛霉的抑制活性均优于阳性对照药物氟康唑.     

4-[3-(4-溴苯基)-3-氧代-1-芳基丙氨基]-N-(嘧啶-2-基)苯磺酰胺的合成及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性初步研究

为了寻求新颖的抗糖尿病药物, 我们将芳香醛、对溴苯乙酮和磺胺嘧啶通过一步反应直接合成了16个未见报道的含有磺胺嘧啶结构的β-氨基酮化合物, 制备方法简便、反应条件温和, 收率为10.0%～80.1%. 所制备的化合物通过1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS和HRMS进行结构表征与确证. 对这些化合物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性初步检测, 结果表明部分化合物在低浓度范围(8.1～9.3 nmol•mL－1)具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性.     

PDE-4抑制剂的设计、合成及生物活性研究

依据药效团原理,对已报道的磷酸二酯酶(PDE-4)抑制剂Crisaborole进行结构修饰和改造,设计并合成了7个全新的小分子化合物,其结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HRMS确证.研究其对磷酸二酯酶-4A(PDE-4A)的抑制活性、抑制炎症因子TNF-α释放效果以及抗炎活性.结果表明,所设计的7个化合物均表现出良好生物活性,其中一个化合物活性明显优于阳性对照药.     

新多环特特拉姆酸大环内酰胺3-Hydroxycombamide Ⅰ的发现

从链霉菌S001的重组菌株S001-cbm-OX4-ikaD中分离获得1个新多环特特拉姆酸大环内酰胺(Po TeMs)类化合物3-hydroxycombamide Ⅰ (2),通过一维、二维核磁共振波谱(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)数据分析确定其化学结构.化合物2的C-3位羟基推测为宿主链霉菌S001所含羟基化酶催化形成.分别采用滤纸片法和噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定了化合物2的抗菌和细胞毒活性,结果显示化合物2无明显活性.此外,化合物2在100μmol/L时对鼠伤寒沙门菌Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS)无抑制活性.结果显示Po TeMs的C-3位羟基化修饰可能发生在多环体系氧化修饰之后.     

利用不饱和度计算桥环化合物的环数

正确算出桥环化合物的环数是正确命名桥环化合物的基础。目前确定环数的方法主要有五种,即规则多面体面数法、断键法、块数法、P.A.Reddy计算法、桥头碳原子数法。笔者受不饱和度概念的启发,建立了一种桥环化合物环数的计算方法。所谓不饱和度(又称氢不足指数、双键等价数)指的是在某一化合物结构中环与双键的总数目(叁键当作两个双键)。若知道有机物的分子式,便可由下式求算其不饱和度(Ω)。     

新型含氟液晶类化合物的质谱研究

本文报道66个新型含氟液晶类化合物的电子轰击电离质谱(EIMS). 66个化合物分为三个类型, 即炔醚类, 炔酯类和炔类. 并利用MS/MS联用技术和高分辨质谱(HRMS)数据研究了三种不同类型化合物的裂解机理, 并总结其规律性, 结果将有助于未知的类似化合物的结构鉴定 .     

新型吡唑酰基脲类化合物的设计合成、杀菌活性与分子对接研究

以乙酰乙酸乙酯、原甲酸三乙酯、甲基肼等为原料,通过多步反应制备了一系列含吡唑的酰基脲类化合物.产物结构均经过1H NMR和HRMS确证;对所有化合物进行了杀菌活性测试,结果表明部分化合物对花生褐斑病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、油菜菌核病菌具有较好的抑制效果,同时将高活性化合物7i与琥珀酸脱氢酶进行了对接,计算结果显示化合物7i能与琥珀酸脱氢酶形成稳定的复合物,化合物中的酰胺键能与酶中Ser39残基形成氢键作用.     

丙交酯合成过程的理论及实验研究

采用密度泛函方法研究了丙交酯的合成过程, 优化了合成过程中可能出现的化合物的几何构型, 分析了各化合物的振动频率和偶极矩. 在B3LYP/6-31G*和B3LYP/6-311＋G*水平上进行了各化合物的能量计算, 得到了所设计的各模型反应的焓变和吉布斯自由能变. 结果表明, 所选择的各模型反应为吸热反应且近似可逆, 水的控制对丙交酯的形成很重要. 根据量化计算结果与丙交酯合成实验中不同阶段反应体系红外谱图的变化, 提出了丙交酯合成的可能机理.     

含香豆素骨架的缩氨基硫脲化合物的合成和抑菌活性研究

由含不同取代基的水杨醛与乙酰乙酸乙酯在六氢吡啶存在下,得到一系列乙酰基香豆素中间体,然后进一步与氨基硫脲发生缩合反应,得到含有香豆素骨架的缩氨基硫脲化合物,目标化合物的结构均由IR、1H NMR 13C NMR和HRMS确证.它们对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌具有优良的抑制效果,其中以二氯代的标题化合物的效果最佳.     

1955年暑期高等学校化学招生考试大纲

甲、根据中学化学教学大纲(草案)所规定的范围对考生提出以下要求: 1.对化学的基本概念和规律,具有明确的了解; 2.正确理解及运用普通的化学术语; 5.熟悉重要的元素及各种重要化合物的制法及性质; 4.能写出正确的分子式和反应方程式,并能运用它们去进行普通的计算; 5.了解门捷列夫的周期律及周期表,并能根据周期表去说明元素性质递变的规律性; 6.系统地了解最基本的有机化合物及其分子     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.