核壳结构Cu@CoW的合成和对硼氨配合物水解的催化性能

分别以硼氨配合物和硼氢化钠为还原剂合成了核壳结构的Cu@CoW三元合金催化剂和非核壳结构的CuCoW三元合金催化剂,25℃下,Cu_0.4@Co_0.5W_0.1三元合金催化剂对于硼氨配合物水解反应的TOF（转换频率）值达到0.3690mol_H2·mol_cat^-1·s^-1,明显高于非核壳结构的Cu_0.4Co_0.5W_0.1催化剂,接近Pt、Pd等贵金属的催化活性,反应的活化能为49kJ·mol^-1。与非核壳结构的CuCoW合金相比,核壳结构的Cu@CoW三元合金催化剂的催化性能及稳定性均有明显提高。     

核壳结构Cu@CoCr的合成和对硼氨配合物水解的催化性能

通过一步法原位合成了核壳结构的Cu@CoCr三元合金催化剂,该合成方法条件温和、步骤简便。25℃下,Cu0.4@Co0.5Cr0.1三元合金催化剂对于硼氨配合物水解反应的TOF值达到0.242 0 molH2.moLcat-1.s-1,接近Pt、Pd等贵金属的催化活性,反应的活化能仅为35 kJ.mol-1,5次重复使用后仍能保持初始活性的35%。与非核壳结构的CuCoCr合金相比,核壳结构的Cu@CoCr三元合金催化剂的催化性能及稳定性均有明显提高。此外材料自身具有磁性,可进行磁分离,适合于实际应用。     

原位生成非晶纳米钴高效催化氨硼烷的醇解制氢

用金属钴配合物和过渡金属(Cu,Ni,Co等)原位生成的非晶纳米粒子作为均相、多相催化剂,研究氨硼烷的醇解放氢反应,结果发现原位生成的非晶钴纳米粒子展现出优异的产氢性能。通过10次的催化循环测试,钴纳米粒子放氢催化转换数(TON)可达6 000,最高催化产氢速率(TOF)达515 mol_(H_2)·mol_(metal)~(-1)·h~(-1)。该催化剂制备方便,且产氢稳定性好。此外,对钴纳米粒子催化氨硼烷放氢实验做动力学研究,计算其催化活化能为20.00 kJ·mol~(-1),低于大多数已经报道的其他纳米催化剂催化氨硼烷放氢反应的活化能。通过硼谱的跟踪检测,发现钴纳米催化氨硼烷的醇解反应产物是硼酸三甲酯,并对此催化反应机理进行了初步的解释和讨论。     

三吡啶胺和四齿链酚胺配体与Cu(II)配位性质及其配合物催化酯水解研究

运用pH电位滴定法,在25±0.1℃,I=0.1(KNO3)条件下,研究了Cu(II)与三吡啶胺(L1)和N-(2′-羟基苄基)-二乙三胺(HL2)的配位行为.结果表明,L1以二齿的形式和Cu(II)形成稳定的2:1(L:M)配合物.其配位水分子的离解常数pKa为7.54.对于HL2,三个氮原子和酚氧负离子与Cu(II)配位,酚羟基离解常数pKa为4.44.在25±0.1℃,I=0.1(KNO3)条件下,pH=6～9(50mol·L-1)范围内,用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了L1的Cu(II)配合物催化对-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解动力学行为,发现配合物催化NA酯水解反应速率常数kNP与溶液pH呈Sigmoidal型曲线,kNP最大值为2.53×10-2L·mol-1·s-1.说明L1的Cu(II)配合物中的Cu(II)-OH-是有效的亲核试剂,对底物NA酯的水解有较好的催化作用.     

Rh/N-GMCs纳米催化剂的制备及其催化氨硼烷水解产氢性能研究

本实验通过高温焙烧三聚氰胺和葡萄糖混合物制备出具有独特层状结构的氮掺杂石墨相炭材料(N-GMCs)。再以N-GMCs为载体采用浸渍-还原法将金属Rh负载到载体表面,最终制得Rh/N-GMCs催化剂。结果表明,Rh与NGMCs之间存在强的金属-载体相互作用,Rh的负载量为0.4%时,反应转化频率(TOF)值达到峰值,此时0.4%Rh/NGMCs催化剂的TOF为645.3 min^–1,该催化剂上氨硼烷水解的活化能(E_a)为54.0 k J/mol,氨硼烷脱氢速率随氨硼烷浓度和催化剂浓度呈现正相关,该催化剂循环10次之后,催化活性未明显下降,表明该催化剂具有较好的循环稳定性。     

Cu掺杂对LaMnO3催化剂的结构和催化氧化性能的影响

采用非晶态多核配合的方法合成了La1-xCuxMnO3(x=0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5)系列催化剂, 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面测定仪(BET)等手段对催化剂的微观结构进行了表征. 研究了Cu掺杂对钙钛矿结构及其对CO催化氧化发光性能及催化氧化CO、CH4性能的影响规律. 结果表明, 当x≤0.1 时, Cu掺杂仍可形成单相的钙钛矿结构; 当x>0.1时, 过量掺杂的Cu以CuO杂相存在. Cu掺杂可改善La1-xCuxMnO3催化剂对CO和CH4的催化氧化活性. 经700 ℃焙烧3 h制备的La0.9Cu0.1MnO3催化剂具有最高CO催化氧化活性(T100%=170 ℃), 该结果与CO催化氧化发光结果一致.而La0.95Cu0.05MnO3催化剂对CH4的催化氧化活性最高(T95%=705 ℃).     

(NH4)2(15-crown-5)3[Cu(mnt)2]及(NH4)2(benzo-15-crown-5)4[Cu(mnt)2]·0.5H2O配合物单晶的结构和电子顺磁共振

用X射线衍射法测定了配合物(NH4)2(15-crown-5)3[Cu(mnt)2](1)及(NH4)2(benzo-15-crown-5)4[Cu(mnt)2]·0.5H2O(2)的晶体结构,两种配合物单晶分别由不同结构的冠醚超分子阳离子与[Cu(mnt)2]2-阴离子组成,配合物1呈三层夹心(triple-decker)双阳离子结构,配合物2的阳离子为三明治二聚物结构.两种配合物在X波段、室温下作了单晶电子顺磁共振(EPR)研究,配合物1没有检测到超精细结构,配合物2的EPR谱显示出Cu磁性核引起的超精细结构.用适于求非同轴的g和A张量的最小二乘法拟合技术严格计算了g张量和A张量的主值及其主轴的方向余弦,并计算了配合物2的Cu(Ⅱ)上的电子自旋密度分布,结果与用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算的值吻合.     

菲咯啉铜配位席夫碱基导电聚合物的制备和电化学性能

以邻联甲苯胺和对苯二甲醛为原料制备席夫碱OTTP,并在席夫碱中掺杂不同比例的菲咯啉铜配合物,合成了菲咯啉铜配位席夫碱基导电聚合物[Cu(Phen)Cl₂]_X-OTTP(X为席夫碱与菲咯啉铜配合物的物质的量之比,X=1、0.8、0.6、0.4、0.2)。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶红外光谱等对产物的形貌结构等进行分析,通过循环伏安法、恒流充放电法和电化学阻抗谱分析了[Cu(Phen)Cl₂]_X-OTTP电极的电化学性能。表征结果表明席夫碱聚合物被不同比例的菲咯啉铜配合物掺杂后,形貌产生变化,片状的席夫碱表面产生很多孔隙,片状结构被破坏,基本单元结构的π-π堆积相互作用受影响,为电荷储存与电子交换提供丰富电活性位点。在6 mol·L^-1KOH电解质的三电极系统下,[Cu(Phen)Cl₂]_0.4-OTTP在电流密度为0.5 A·g^-1时具有278mAh·g^-1的高比容量。混合装置超级电...     

核壳结构Ru@PtRu纳米花电催化剂的制备及碱性氢析出反应性能研究

本文通过分步还原Ru、Pt前驱体,制备了以Ru为核、PtRu合金为壳的Ru@Pt_0.24Ru纳米花电催化剂,其平均直径为16.5±4.0 nm. 利用高分辨电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和X射线光电子能谱等表征了这种电催化剂的结构和组成. 在1 mol·L ^-1 KOH水溶液中,核壳结构Ru@Pt_0.24Ru/C纳米花氢析出反应的过电位为22 mV（@10 mA·cm ^-2）,耐久性测试后过电位增加至30 mV（@10 mA·cm ^-2）,明显优于商业Pt/C电催化剂（初始值：60 mV@10 mA·cm ^-2,耐久性测试后：85 mV@10mA·cm ^-2）. 显著提高的电化学活性可能源于核壳结构Ru@Pt_0.24Ru纳米花的电子效应和几何效应,耐久性的改善可能源于核壳结构Ru@Pt_0.24Ru纳米花结构的稳定性.     

4-碘吡唑铜配合物的合成、结构及量子化学

分别采用水热反应法和溶液培养法,合成了两个结构新颖的铜配合物[Cu3(Ipz)3](Ipz=4-碘吡唑)(1),[Cu(SO4)(Ipz)4]·2H2O·CH3OH(2)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱和X-ray单晶衍射方法对其结构进行了表征。晶体结构表明,配合物1属于正交晶系,Pnma空间群;配合物2属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。配合物1和2的中心金属铜原子的化合价分别是+1和+2价,金属的配位环境以及配体的配位模式也完全不同。配合物1中金属铜为二配位,与配体相互连接形成一个闭合的九元环结构;配合物2中金属铜为六配位,通过配位的硫酸根分子连接形成一条无限的一维链状结构。此外,对这2个配合物进行了量化计算,同时还对配合物1进行了荧光光谱分析。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。