直接计算结构动力方程的a_0法

1.前言 在工程中运用较多的是二次精度的无条件稳定积分格式:Houbolt法,Wilson-θ法,Newmark法和Hilber-α法。尽管Houbolt法是无条件稳定的,但在计算时要附加一个程序去计算初始值——不是自开始,并且该法的算法阻尼对低振型影响很大。Newmark法当γ=1/2时没有算法阻尼,此时该法不具有把有害的高振型“滤掉”的能力。当γ>1/2,     

污染扩散方程高精度紧致格式及其稳定性分析

针对污染扩散方程提出了时间任意阶精度的显式格式,并对该格式的稳定性和精度进行了分析,理论结果表明:一阶精度的计算格式是传统的显格式,其稳定条件为:s≤1/2(s=D.Δt/Δx2,D为扩散系数,Δt为时间步长,Δx为空间步长),随着保留精度阶数的增加,稳定性范围也会随之增大;当保留无穷阶精度时,格式是无条件稳定的。这也就从一个侧面揭示了稳定性与时间精度之间的关系,为高性能数值计算格式的构思提供了可以借鉴的原则。数值算例的结果表明,本文格式具有一定的实用性。     

样条配点法分析结构动力响应的无条件稳定计算格式

本文以三次B样条函数作为位移时域函数,应用配点法,在任一时间步长中列出两个时刻的结构物运动方程式残值为零的条件并使结果满足了稳定条件得到一个计算结构物动力响应无条件稳定的计算格式。 这个计算格式于参数θ符合0.15<θ<0.05时是绝对无条件稳定的,研究证明,本文所提出的格式的精度根据三项指标:振幅衰减率 AD,周期伸长率 PE 及算法阻尼比都比较Wilson-θ法,Newmark法及Houbolt法的为优,例题计算也证明此点,即本文方法精度较上述三法为高,本文格式简单,准确,工作量不多,可以作为计算结构动力响应有效方法之一。     

对R.W.Clough《结构动力学》中θ法的讨论

问题的提出Wilsonθ法是进行结构体系动力反应分析常用的一种逐步积分法,当θ≥1.37时该法无条件稳定。文献[1]第十五章介绍了这种方法的一般性能,给出基于增量平衡方程并作加速度修正的一种迭代格式,把这个迭代格式亦称为Wilsonθ法.由于文献[1]在国内外广泛流传,这些年来国内外出版的一些结构动力计算 ...     

修正荷载的Wilson-θ法的稳定性与精度分析

Wilson-θ法求得的位移、速度与加速度不满足t时刻的动力平衡方程。提出修正荷载的Wilson-θ法:增加一个荷载δF(t),使得t时刻的动力平衡方程得以满足;将-θ′δF(t)作为荷载加入t+Δt时刻的计算中,当θ′=0时,修正荷载的Wilson-θ法退化为Wilson-θ法。对应于不同的θ′值,在无条件稳定的前提下,θ的取值范围也不同。定义了逐步积分法中的计算误差。计算结果表明:计算误差与θ值成正相关,当θ′=0.6,无条件稳定的θ为最小值1.24,因而θ′=0.6,θ=1.24时,计算误差最小,建议在计算中采用。保持Wilson-θ法无条件稳定、几乎不增加计算量的条件下,修正荷载的Wilson-θ法可以提高计算精度。     

一类非线性奇异积分方程及其数值方法研究

探讨了一类非线性奇异积分方程的数理性质以及在颗粒雷诺数Rep＜1时此类方程解的存在条件，然后详细研究了该方程的数值计算方法并构造称之为P（EC）^k多步法的差分格式，分析了该格式的收敛性和代数精度，得到时域离散步长的约束关系。运用该格式计算了静止流场和均匀振荡流中球形小颗粒的非恒定运动，将计算结果与其解析解及有关实验数据的比较表明，上述数值方法具有良好的计算精度。     

基于精细积分技术的非线性动力学方程的同伦摄动法

将精细积分技术（PIM）和同伦摄动方法（HPM）相结合,给出了一种求解非线性动力学方程的新的渐近数值方法。采用精细积分法求解非线性问题时,需要将非线性项对时间参数按Taylor级数展开,在展开项少时,计算精度对时间步长敏感;随着展开项的增加,计算格式会变得越来越复杂。采用同伦摄动法,则具有相对筒单的计算格式,但计算精度较差,应用范围也限于低维非线性微分方程。将这两种方法相结合得到的新的渐近数值方法则同时具备了两者的优点,既使同伦摄动方法的应用范围推广到高维非线性动力学方程的求解,又使精细积分方法在求解非线性问题时具有较简单的计算格式。数值算例表明,该方法具有较高的数值精度和计算效率。     

计算结构动力方程三次精度的直接积分法

以往计算结构动力方程的无条件稳定积分格式的证明,是在阻尼矩阵满足振型正交条件下得到的,文本给出的三次精度无条件稳定积分格式的证明,可不要求阻尼矩阵满足振型正交条件。此外本文提出的高精度方法和以往的高精度方法相比具有存贮空间小,计算量少的优点,本文方法还具有没超越现象的优点。     

Pad逼近求解抛物型偏微分方程的并行算法研究

一维抛物型偏微分方程可以用精细积分方法精确求解。当精细积分中的矩阵指数函数用Pad 逼近来代替时 ,可以得到一系列由简到繁、精度由低到高的差分格式 ,因而便于根据实际需要进行选取。常见的求解抛物型方程的差分格式如古典显式格式、隐式格式及六点差分格式为其中的特例。Pad 逼近格式主要包括矩阵运算和线性方程组求解。本文利用 Pad 逼近格式对应的方程组系数矩阵为带状矩阵的特点 ,把原来在整个区域上求解的问题转化为分区域求解 ,在 TRANSPUTER并行机上实现了该问题的并行算法 ,并对该并行算法的时间复杂度进行了分析。算例结果表明 Pad 逼近并行算法有很好的计算效果和并行效率。     

Padé逼近求解抛物型偏微分方程的并行算法研究

一维抛物型偏微分方程可以用精细积分方法精确求解.当精细积分中的矩阵指数函数用Padé逼近来代替时,可以得到一系列由简到繁、精度由低到高的差分格式,因而便于根据实际需要进行选取.常见的求解抛物型方程的差分格式如古典显式格式、隐式格式及六点差分格式为其中的特例.Padé逼近格式主要包括矩阵运算和线性方程组求解.本文利用Padé逼近格式对应的方程组系数矩阵为带状矩阵的特点,把原来在整个区域上求解的问题转化为分区域求解,在TRANSPUTER并行机上实现了该问题的并行算法,并对该并行算法的时间复杂度进行了分析.算例结果表明Padé逼近并行算法有很好的计算效果和并行效率.     

正装结构非线性应力应变累加规律研究

基于有限位移理论的正装结构非线性分析理论对解决超大跨度、柔性结构的非线性计算有重大意义.文中探讨了正装结构非线性的分析特点,研究了其应变场与应力场的Kirchhoff应力张量与Lagrange应变张量的适用性,提出了正装结构非线性分析中应力场与应交场的累加规律,导出了拖动坐标法的虚功增量方程,以此对杆系结构非线性分析常用的CR法和UL列式进行了精度比较分析.文中研究成果可为正装结构的非线性分析提供理论指导.     

Progressing step by step and integrating calculation of overcritical deformation of spherical shallow shells

In this paper, the problem of second buckling of the spherical shallow shell is calculated by use of the method of progressing step by step and integrating. The result is more exact than that of first approximate analysis for over-critical deformation of spherical shallow shell. It has been solved that the solution of second approximate analysis in this problem can’t be found. The calculating example in this paper shows that the solution of progressing step by step and integrating converges to second approximate solution.     

阶跃信号电探针诊断爆轰加载下金属微喷现象

针对目前缺乏用于狭小测试空间复杂结构金属样品的微喷现象诊断技术的现状，探索使用阶跃信号电探针诊断爆轰加载下金属样品微喷现象的方法。设计阶跃信号电探针测试技术，开展仿真验证电探针在微喷物质导通下K+R_X模式的放电机理。在爆轰微喷实验中通过电探针信号观察到准连续状态微喷区及其存在的两种动作演化过程:阶梯放电曲线表征微喷物质随靠近后界面密度逐步增加，多次放电现象表征微喷物质从连续状态拉升变为离散状态。采用微射流模型描述准连续状态微喷区物质状态，通过电平曲线计算出被测物质等效电阻，再通过等效电阻计算微射流的等效尺寸，从而可描述准连续状态微喷区物质的密度。     

Stabilization of a quadruped locomotion system by side step control

Several control schemes have been proposed for stabilization of artificial quadruped locomotion systems, but attainment of adequate stability is still one of the barriers in designing a legged vehicle. A combination of continuous and discrete state feedback seems to provide a good way to maintain stable motion of such a system. In this paper, side step control, which is a discrete feedback technique, is studied by means of a linearized locomotion system. The results are verified by application to a nonlinear quadruped vehicle simulation.     

Computation of backward-facing step flows by a second-order Reynolds stress closure model

This paper scrutinizes the predictive ability of the differential stress equation model in complex shear flows. Two backward-facing step flows with different expansion ratios are solved by the LRR turbulence model with an anisotropic dissipation model and the near-wall regions of the separated side resolved by a near-wall model. The computer code developed for solving the transport equations is based on the finite-volume-finite-difference method. In the numerical solution of the time-averaged momenum equations the Reynolds stresses are treated partially as a diffusion term and partially as a source term to avoid numerical instability. Computational results are compared with experimental data. It is found that the near-wall region of the separated side resolved by the near-wall model, the LRR model with a simple modification of an anisotropic dissipation model can predict backward step flows well.     

Wave trapping by porous barrier in the presence of step type bottom

The present study deals with the trapping of oblique wave by porous barrier located near a rigid wall in the presence of a step type bottom bed. The solution of the physical problem is obtained using the eigenfunction expansion method and multi-mode approximation associated with modified mild-slope equation. Assuming that the porous structure is made of materials having fine pores, the mathematical problem is handled for solution by matching the velocity and pressure at interface boundaries. Various numerical results are computed and analyzed to understand the role of bed profiles, structural porosity, depth ratio, oblique angle of incidence, distance between barrier and step edge and, the distance between the porous barrier and rigid wall in optimizing wave reflection and load on the structure/rigid-wall. A comparison of results on wave trapping by porous barriers over flat and undulated bed reveals that for the same distance between the porous barrier and rigid wall, more number of times optimum reflection occurs in case of undulated bed. The present study is likely to be of immense importance in the design of coastal structures for protecting coastal infrastructures.     

Control of turbulent separated flow over a backward-facing step by local forcing

An experimental study was made of the flow over a backward-facing step. Excitations were given to separated flow by means of a sinusoidally oscillating jet issuing from a thin slit near the separation line. The Reynolds number based on the step height (H) varied 13000 Re _H 33000. Effect of local forcing on the flow structure was scrutinized by altering the forcing amplitude (0 A ₀ 0.07) and forcing frequency (0 St _H 5.0). Small localized forcing near the separation edge enhanced the shear-layer growth rate and produced a large roll-up vortex at the separation edge. A large vortex in the shear layer gave rise to a higher rate of entrainment, which lead to a reduction in reattachment length as compared to the unforced flow. The normalized minimum reattachment length (x _r )_min/x _x0 was obtained at St 0.01. The most effective forcing frequency was found to be comparable to the shedding frequency of the separated shear layer.List of symbols a ₀ forcing amplitude=(Q _forced–Q _unforced)/U ₀ - AR aspect ratio=W/H - C _p wall-pressure coefficient=(P-P ₀)/(l/2) U ₀ ² - ER expansion ratio=(2H+H)/2H - f _f forcing frequency, Hz - f _s shedding frequency, Hz - g slit width = 1.0 ± 0.1 mm - H step height = 50 mm - P wall-static pressure, Pa - P ₀ wall-static pressure at x/H= -2.0, Pa - Q _forced total velocity measured at reference position for forced flow, m/s - Q _unforced total velocity measured at reference position for unforced flow, m/s - Re _H Reynolds number based on H and U ₀,= U ₀ H/v - St _H Reduced forcing frequency, Strouhal number = f _f H/U ₀ - St Reduced forcing frequency based on the momentum thickness = f _f /U ₀ - U, V streamwise and vertical time-mean velocity, m/s - u streamwise fluctuation velocity, m/s - U ₀ free-stream velocity, m/s - r.m.s. intensity of streamwise velocity fluctuation, m/s - x _r reattachment length, m - X _{r 0} reattachment length for A ₀ = 0, m - x, y, z distance of streamwise, vertical and spanwise respectively, m - W width of test section = 625 mm Greek symbols boundary-layer thickness, cm - ^* displacement thickness, cm - _p forward-flow time fraction - density of air for measurement, kg/m³ - v kinematic viscosity of air for measurement, m²/s - momentum thickness, cm