多介质流体非守恒律欧拉方程组的数值计算方法

对多介质流体在界面处满足的Euler方程进行了探讨 ,方程组中增加了描述材料参数间断性质的对流形式非守恒律方程组。以波传播算法为基础 ,通过Roe方程近似求解Riemann问题 ,同时采用相同的数值差分格式求解流体动力学Euler方程组和界面方程组。该方法可以有效消除多介质流体在界面处压力、速度可能出现的非物理振荡。给出了部分典型一维和二维数值计算结果。     

多介质流体非守恒律欧拉方程组的数值计算方法

对多介质流体在界面处满足的Euler方程进行了探讨,方程组中增加了描述材料参数间断性质的对流形式非守恒律方程组 .以波传播算法为基础,通过Roe方程近似求解Riemann问题,同时采用相同的数值差分格式求解流体动力学Euler方程组和界面方程组.该方法可以有效消除多介质流体在界面处压力、速度可能出现的非物理振荡.给出了部分典型一维和二维数值计算结果.     

激波作用下三维涡的形成及其界面捕捉计算

针对三维多介质可压缩流体,给出了可压缩多介质流体三维高精度数值计算方法,以及界面捕捉方程和带重新初始化的三维LevelSet方法,对初始压力间断和密度间断条件形成激波、接触间断以及稀疏波的三维复杂流场相互作用情况进行数值计算,给出流场中涡的形成过程和界面位置。并对计算方法进行理论验证。     

界面不稳定性的自适应欧拉数值计算

采用欧拉网格自适应算法数值模拟Richtmyer Meshkov和Rayleigh Taylor不稳定多介质流界面,获得了高精度界面特征。对不同流体引入不同位标函数跟踪界面运动,将位标函数方程与流体动力学方程耦合求解,在笛卡儿坐标系中运用二阶精度有限体积算法,保持流场守恒条件下,通过采用多层网格级对笛卡儿网格嵌套细化,从而实现多介质流体界面的高精度自适应跟踪。给出的方法逻辑简单,可以大大节省CPU时间。     

界面不稳定性引起混合过程的二维数值计算

在可压缩多介质流体动力学高精度欧拉计算方法多介质流体分段抛物方法(multi-fluid piecewise parabolic method, MFPPM)基础上,运用算子分裂技术,增加二阶空间中心差方法和两步Rung-Kutta时间推进方法计算动力学黏性以及热流部分对流场的影响,发展适用于NS(Navier-Stokes)方程的可压缩多介质黏性流体计算方法多介质黏性流体分段抛物方法(multi-viscousity-fluid piecewise parabolic method, MVPPM). 文中采用MVPPM对英国AWE(atomic weapons establishment)激波管实验进行二维计算,给出了与实验图像基本一致的计算结果;应用MFPPM和MVPPM分别对二维柱对称内爆动力学界面不稳定性及其后期混合过程进行数值模拟,给出内外界面演化、速度历史以及后期中心气穴不同半径内因RT(Rayleigh-Taylor)界面不稳定性引起的混合量分布情况,从计算结果比较可见黏性对物质界面处混合量的分布影响明显.      

可压缩多介质粘性流体和湍流的大涡模拟

在可压缩多介质粘性流体动力学高精度计算方法MVPPM(multi-viscous-fluid piecewise parabolicmethod)基础上,引入Smagorinsky和Vreman亚格子湍流模型,采用大涡数值模拟方法求解可压缩粘性流体NS(Navier-Stokes)方程,给出适用于可压缩多介质流体界面不稳定性发展演化至湍流阶段的计算方法和二维计算程序MVFT(multi-viscosity-fluid and turbulence)。在2种亚格子湍流模型下计算了LANL(Los Ala-mos National Laboratory)激波管单气柱RM不稳定性实验,分析了气柱的形状、流场速度以及涡的特征,通过与LANL实验和计算结果的比较可知,Vreman模型略优于Smagorinsky模型,MVFT方法和计算程序可用于对界面不稳定性发展演化至湍流阶段的数值模拟。     

激波管实验和果冻实验界面不稳定性数值计算

运用算子分裂技术,增加二阶空间中心差方法和两步Rung-Kutta时间推进方法计算动力学粘性以及热流部分对流场的影响,将可压缩多介质流体动力学高精度欧拉计算方法MFPPM发展到适用于NS(Nayier Stokes)方程的可压缩多介质粘性流体计算方法MVPPM.通过与界面不稳定性实验结果的比较,来检验计算方法的正确性,并验证计算程序的有效性.主要包括一个激波管实验和两个果冻实验,即英国AWE(Atomic Weapons Establishment)激波管实验和LLNL实验室的果冻环实验以及中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室进行的爆轰驱动下单层果冻界面不稳定性实验.研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与实验测量结果以及对应时刻的实验图象均吻合较好.     

水/气多介质问题的界面处理方法

针对不可压缩可压缩水/气多介质问题, 提出一种新的界面处理方法。在可压缩水/气界面处构造Riemann问题, 在水中设音速趋于无穷大, 求解Riemann问题得到不可压缩可压缩水/气界面处流体的准确流动状态; 然后以此状态结合GFM(ghost fluid method)方法分别为2种流体定义界面边界条件, 将两相流问题转化为单相流问题计算, 通过求解level set方程来跟踪界面的位置。对各种不同的界面边界条件定义方法进行了比较, 数值模拟结果表明算法能准确地捕捉各类间断的位置, 证明了算法的有效性和稳健性。     

空气自由场中强爆炸冲击波传播二维数值模拟

编写了适用于模拟具有高密度比、高压力比的强激波问题的二维柱对称多介质流体计算程序。利用有限体积方法求解流体的Euler方程组,采用level set方法捕捉爆炸产物与空气的运动界面,并通过求解物质界面两侧Riemann问题的精确解来计算爆炸产物与空气之间的数值通量。研制了三角形网格自适应技术来实现网格的自动加密和粗化,在保证捕捉激波峰值的前提下有效地提高了计算效率。利用计算程序对1 kt TNT当量的空气自由场强爆炸问题进行数值模拟,计算得到的峰值超压、冲击波到达时间等物理参数与点爆炸理论结果基本一致。     

可压缩多介质流动的间断有限元方法

采用间断有限元方法、LS方法和通量装配技术相结合,建立了一种计算可压缩多介质流动的有效 方法。计算中以光滑Heavside函数构造流体比热比和重新初始化方程中的符号距离函数,并采用通量装配 技术抑制界面附近的非物理振荡。为解决可压缩多介质流动提供一种新的手段。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).