水下航行体螺栓法兰连接结构可靠性分析

螺栓法兰连接结构中的摩擦、接触、间隙及预紧力等因素,会导致水下航行体结构在复杂载荷环境中出现非线性的动力学响应特性,甚至破坏连接结构.目前,常取指定时段内的各类内力最大值同时施加于连接结构进行可靠性分析,导致结构设计偏于保守.为解决此问题,本文基于随机水动力载荷作用下水下航行体结构内力响应数据,分析螺栓法兰连接结构在端面内力组合作用下的最大Mises应力,由此建立连接结构端面内力组合的极限状态面,利用最大熵方法开展螺栓法兰连接结构可靠性分析.为提高分析效率,根据连接结构端面各类内力在塑性极限状态面附近的线性相关性,提出以端面等效弯矩为指标的工程可靠性分析方法,并通过数值仿真分析对可靠性分析结果精度进行校核.     

基于代理模型的箭体连接结构极值响应分析与优化

螺栓法兰连接结构在航空航天等工程领域中广泛应用，其力学性能在不同工况和装配情况下十分复杂。由于拉压刚度差异，含连接结构的箭体动力学响应呈现明显的非线性特征。因此，考虑不同连接参数及工况下的连接非线性动力学响应，对结构优化设计有着重要意义。本文针对以双线性弹簧表征螺栓法兰连接非线性的箭体等效动力学模型，基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络和响应面法分别建立其连接面处的极值响应代理模型，对比发现RBF神经网络模型在较高精度上可以实现对动响应极值的预测及分析；同时分析了不同载荷参数及刚度变化对连接结构动响应极值的影响；最后，利用RBF神经网络代理模型，开展了连接面加速度极值响应与螺栓弹簧力最小化为目标的连接结构参数优化。     

两种典型螺栓连接结构的刚度特性比较研究

针对法兰对接和径向套接两种典型舱段螺栓连接形式,基于有限元静刚度计算、动力学简化建模、冲击响应特性分析及结构冲击试验,系统研究了两种连接形式的轴向刚度特性及其对动力学冲击响应的影响.有限元静刚度分析揭示了法兰对接与径向套接的轴向拉压刚度分别是非对称的和对称的,而法兰对接的平均刚度更大.之后,为两种连接形式建立了统一的动力学模型,证明非对称的轴向拉压刚度导致结构在受到横向载荷作用时会产生附加的耦合轴向振动,并且利用高精度幂函数拟合刚度跳变,得到耦合轴向振动频率是弯曲振动频率的二倍的结论.最后,通过冲击动力学试验证明了法兰对接存在二倍频的耦合轴向振动,而径向套接则不存在该耦合振动.径向套接虽然一阶频率较低,但阻尼效果更好.     

动载荷下螺栓连接的优化设计

把螺栓法兰密封连接结构简化成-质量、弹簧、阻尼系统，其中阻尼包括黏性阻尼和库仑阻尼两个部分。用此模型对法兰在指数衰减脉冲激励下的响应进行了数值仿真，研究了螺栓中预应力、螺栓个数、法兰螺栓间的阻尼对法兰结构响应的影响，螺栓中预应力和螺栓个数对螺栓变形峰值有较大影响，阻尼对螺栓峰值的影响较小。     

梁的纵向与横向耦合振动的动力学分析

研究了梁发生纵向与横向耦合振动时的非线性动力学行为.从梁的基本方程出发,利用Galerkin截断得到了梁含二次非线性项和三次非线性项的运动微分方程,并通过多尺度法对控制方程进行摄动求解得出了梁纵向模态和横向模态之间产生的内共振.然后对内共振条件下的梁进行了分析和数值模拟,分别讨论了纵向和横向荷载作用下结构的动力学特征.分析表明一定条件下梁存在能量在振动模态间传递的饱和现象,并且某些参数组合下纵向和横向振动之间存在相互耦合的无周期响应现象,从而引起梁结构的大幅振动.     

绳索系统的建模、动力学和控制

绳索系统具有无限自由度,当计入非线性因素的作用时,其面内和面外的振动相互耦合,呈现非常丰富的非线性动力学行为.另外,绳索系统经常工作在风、流体、微重力、电磁力等作用下,进一步加剧了其动力学的复杂性.绳索系统的动力学现象引起了工程界和力学界的关注.本文对绳索在重要工程系统中的应用及相应的动力学现象进行概述,给出了柔索的动力学建模过程,对绳索系统的动力学和控制研究进行了总结,并指出了值得进一步关注的若干问题.      

典型连接结构螺栓的附加弯矩形成机理与承载能力研究及结构优化设计

针对典型连接结构中, 高强螺栓在受拉工况下因产生附加弯矩而极大削弱其承载能力的问题, 开展了螺栓附加弯矩产生的机理研究, 并提出了一种有效降低螺栓附加弯矩的结构优化设计方法. 首先, 建立典型连接结构的等效力学模型, 推导出螺栓附加弯矩的解析解, 进一步开展数值仿真分析, 验证了解析方法的正确性. 考虑螺栓同时承受拉弯耦合载荷工况, 引入梁塑性弯曲理论, 研究了不同拉弯组合下的螺栓截面各类应力分布的交互关系, 并给出了考虑轴力影响的弯矩塑性折减系数. 基于最大应力破坏准则, 开展了考虑附加弯矩和弯曲塑性影响的螺栓载荷失效判据研究, 该判据更加具有工程应用价值. 从机理出发, 开展典型连接结构优化设计以降低螺栓的附加弯矩进而提高其承载能力, 进一步采用解析方法, 阐述了铰支球头的工作机理. 采用数值仿真方法, 开展了螺栓附加弯矩灵敏度分析, 验证了优化设计方法的有效性. 进一步开展试验研究, 获得不同连接状态下螺栓的附加弯矩, 验证了优化设计方法的正确性和可行性. 该方法能够极大降低高强螺栓的附加弯矩, 最大程度发挥螺栓的承载能力, 提高连接结构的可靠性.      

叶片-转子-轴承系统的非线性动力学问题研究

以非线性动力学和转子动力学理论为基础,研究了在油膜力作用下,叶片和转轴耦合振动系统的动力学行为。为分析叶片的惯性影响,将叶片模化为单摆模型。采用Runge-Kutta数值方法求解了耦合系统的振动方程,并利用分岔图、Lyapunov指数图、Poincar啨映射图和频谱图等分析了系统的稳定性。分析结果表明,当转速变化时,系统响应会出现倍周期、拟周期和混沌运动等现象,在此基础上分析了叶片长度的变化对该系统非线性动力学行为的影响。     

横向交变载荷下TiCN/MoS2涂层螺栓的防松性能研究

基于自主设计的螺栓连接振动试验装置，系统研究了横向交变载荷下TiCN/MoS₂涂层螺栓分别与TiCN/MoS₂涂层螺母和无涂层螺母配合时连接结构的松动行为，并利用体式显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱仪(EDX)和白光干涉仪等微观分析设备对试验后的螺纹表面进行损伤分析，深入讨论其磨损机理. 结果表明:在相同试验条件下，TiCN/MoS₂涂层螺栓比无涂层螺栓螺纹表面的损伤轻微，连接结构的松动程度更低；与无涂层螺栓螺纹根部相同等效应力状态下，TiCN/MoS₂涂层螺栓连接结构的预紧力可提高约10%，螺纹表面的损伤减轻，同时连接结构的松动程度进一步降低；TiCN/MoS₂涂层螺栓螺纹表面的主要磨损机制为疲劳磨损.      

复合材料层合板1:1参数共振的分岔研究

针对复合材料对称铺设各向异性矩形层合板的物理模型,在同时考虑了材料、阻尼和几何等非线性因素后,建立了二自由度非线性参数振动系统动力学控制方程,并应用多尺度法求得基本参数共振下的近似解析解,利用数值模拟分析了系统的分岔和混沌运动.指出了伽辽金截断对系统动力学分析的影响,以及系统进入混沌的途径.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of Timoshenko beams by BEM. Part II: applications and validation

In this two-part contribution, a boundary element method is developed for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of beams of arbitrary doubly symmetric simply or multiply connected constant cross section, undergoing moderate large displacements and small deformations under general boundary conditions, taking into account the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia. In Part I the governing equations of the aforementioned problem have been derived, leading to the formulation of five boundary value problems with respect to the transverse displacements, to the axial displacement and to two stress functions. These problems are numerically solved using the Analog Equation Method, a BEM based method. In this Part II, numerical examples are worked out to illustrate the efficiency, the accuracy and the range of applications of the developed method. Thus, the results obtained from the proposed method are presented as compared with those from both analytical and numerical research efforts from the literature. More specifically, the shear deformation effect in nonlinear free vibration analysis, the influence of geometric nonlinearities in forced vibration analysis, the shear deformation effect in nonlinear forced vibration analysis, the nonlinear dynamic analysis of Timoshenko beams subjected to arbitrary axial and transverse in both directions loading, the free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams with very flexible boundary conditions and the stability under axial loading (Mathieu problem) are presented and discussed through examples of practical interest.

     

Shear effects on large amplitude forced vibration of symmetrically laminated rectilinearly orthotropic circular plates

I.IntroductionPlatesandshells'consistingoflaminatedcompositematerialsareimportantstructuralmembersinmodernengineering.Thustheresearchfornonlinearproblemsoftheseplatesandshellshasbecomeincreasinglyimportantl'~II].Especially.therehasalreadybeensomeresearchworktlz--lslonthenonlinearproblemoflaminatedcircularplates.Buttheeffectsoftransversestiearonthenonlinearvibrationoftheplateshavenotbeeddiscussedbecauseofthedifficultyofnonlinearmathematics.However,itisexpectedthatthesheareffectsonlaminatedcom…     

横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳以及非线性振动特性

梁的轴向运动会诱发其产生横向振动并可能导致屈曲失稳，对结构的安全性和可靠性产生重大的影响。本文重点研究了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳及横向非线性振动特性。基于Hamilton变分原理，建立了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的动力学方程，获得了梁的后屈曲构型。使用截断Galerkin法，将控制方程改写成Duffing方程的形式。用同伦分析方法确定载荷作用下轴向运动梁的非线性受迫振动的封闭形式的表达式。结果表明，后屈曲构型对轴向速度和初始轴向应力有明显的依赖性。通过同伦分析法得出非线性基频的显式表达式，获得了初始轴向力会影响非线性频率随初始振幅和轴向速度的线性关系。另外，轴向外激励的方向也会改变系统固有频率。     

DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF VISCOELASTIC AXIALLY MOVING BELT

Based on the Kelvin viscoelastic differential constitutive law and the motion equation of the axially moving belt, the nonlinear dynamic model of the viscoelastic axial moving belt was established. And then it was reduced to be a linear differential system which the analytical solutions with a constant transport velocity and with a harmonically varying transport velocity were obtained by applying Lie group transformations. According to the nonlinear dynamic model, the effects of material parameters and the steady-state velocity and the perturbed axial velocity of the belt on the dynamic responses of the belts were investigated by the research of digital simulation . The result shows:1) The nonlinear vibration frequency of the belt will become small when the relocity of the belt increases . 2) Increasing the value of viscosity or decreasing the value of elasticity leads to a deceasing in vibration frequencies. 3) The most effects of the transverse amplitudes come from the frequency of the perturbed veloc     

Dynamic response of a deepwater riser subjected to combined axial and transverse excitation by the nonlinear coupled model

In offshore engineering long slender risers are simultaneously subjected to both axial and transverse excitations. The axial load is the fluctuating top tension which is induced by the floater’s heave motion, while the transverse excitation comes from environmental loads such as waves. As the time-varying axial load may trigger classical parametric resonance, dynamic analysis of a deepwater riser with combined axial and transverse excitations becomes more complex. In this study, to fully capture the coupling effect between the planar axial and transverse vibrations, the nonlinear coupled equations of a riser’s dynamic motion are formulated and then solved by the central difference method in the time domain. For comparison, numerical simulations are carried out for both linear and nonlinear models. The results show that the transverse displacements predicted by both models are similar to each other when only the random transverse excitation is applied. However, when the combined axial dynamic tension and transverse wave forces are both considered, the linear model underestimates the response because it ignores the coupling effect. Thus the coupled model is more appropriate for deep water. It is also found that the axial excitation can significantly increase the riser’s transverse response and hence the bending stress, especially for cases when the time-varying tension is located at the classical parametric resonance region. Such time-varying effects should be taken into account in fatigue safety assessment.     

Free vibration of axially loaded thin-walled composite Timoshenko beams

Based on shear-deformable beam theory, free vibration of thin-walled composite Timoshenko beams with arbitrary layups under a constant axial force is presented. This model accounts for all the structural coupling coming from material anisotropy. Governing equations for flexural-torsional-shearing coupled vibrations are derived from Hamilton’s principle. The resulting coupling is referred to as sixfold coupled vibrations. A displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model is developed to solve the problem. Numerical results are obtained for thin-walled composite beams to investigate the effects of shear deformation, axial force, fiber angle, modulus ratio on the natural frequencies, corresponding vibration mode shapes and load–frequency interaction curves.     

Nonlinear resonance responses of geometrically imperfect shear deformable nanobeams including surface stress effects

In this work, a thorough investigation is presented into the nonlinear resonant dynamics of geometrically imperfect shear deformable nanobeams subjected to harmonic external excitation force in the transverse direction. To this end, the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity theory together with Reddy’s third-order shear deformation beam theory is utilized to take into account the size-dependent behavior of nanobeams and the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia, respectively. The kinematic nonlinearity is considered using the von Kármán kinematic hypothesis. The geometric imperfection as a slight curvature is assumed as the mode shape associated with the first vibration mode. The weak form of geometrically nonlinear governing equations of motion is derived using the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) technique and Lagrange equations. Then, a multistep numerical scheme is employed to solve the obtained governing equations in order to study the nonlinear frequency–response and force–response curves of nanobeams. Comprehensive studies into the effects of initial imperfection and boundary condition as well as geometric parameters on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of imperfect shear deformable nanobeams are carried out through numerical results. Finally, the importance of incorporating the surface stress effects via the Gurtin–Murdoch elasticity theory, is emphasized by comparing the nonlinear dynamic responses of the nanobeams with different thicknesses.     

复合材料层合开顶扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲

研究了复合材料层合开顶扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲问题。建立了对称层合圆柱正交异性开顶扁球壳考虑横向剪切的非线性振动微分方程,根据突变理论建立了该壳体动态屈曲的突变模型,得到了动态屈曲的临界方程。