加权最小二乘无网格法

在最小二乘法和移动最小二乘近似的基础上提出了加权最小二乘无网格法．该方法除节点外又引入了一些辅助点，控制方程在所有节点和辅助点处的残差用最小二乘法予以消除，边界条件用罚函数法引入．另外对移动最小二乘近似进行了改进，并给出了最小二乘法中泛函的简化格式，因而提高了计算效率．与配点法相比，新方法精度高，稳定性好，并且系数矩阵是对称正定矩阵．与Galerkin法相比，该方法不需要进行高斯积分，因而计算量小．算例表明该方法具有效率高、精度高和稳定性好等优点，并且易于实现．     

再论约束最小二乘法

本文介绍的约束最小二乘法如同经典的最小二乘法一样,也普遍适用于各种科学领域。然而,这一方法仅在“模型修正”一类论文的附录中出现过。鉴于约束最小二乘法在计算力学和工程问题中愈来愈重要的作用,本文将作者十多年前提出的这一方法稍加扩展（如引入加权因子和讨论了自然权因子的应用等）后,再做一系统的介绍,并随意设计了一个简单考例,证实了约束最小二乘法的有效性。     

多体系统Euler-Lagrange方程的最小二乘法与违约修正

针对受完整约束的多体系统动力学Euler-Lagrange方程,在其传统的直接增广算法和零空间方法基础上提出了当系统存在冗余约束情形下的最小二乘法.同时,对应于最小二乘法提出了改进的约束违约修正方法.本文还针对Euler-Lagrange方程的计算过程给出了相应Jacobi矩阵的QR分解和零空间连续正交基的算法.最后,以平行五连杆机构给出了数值结果并与部分现有方法进行比较.     

无单元法在薄板稳定问题中的应用

用无单元法研究了薄板的弹性稳定问题，从滑动最小二乘法和变分原理出发导出了薄板的无单元法几何刚度矩阵，编制了相应的计算程序，并给出了算例，结果表明，方法合理可行，且精度高于有限元。     

完全变换法在无网格伽辽金方法中的应用

由于移动最小二乘形函数一般不具有常规有限元或边界元形函数所具有的插值特征，本质边界条件的处理成为无网格伽辽金法实施中的一个难点。本文通过建立节点位移和广义位移之间的关系对移动最小二乘形函数进行修正，给出了修正的移动最小二乘形函数；以二维问题为例，对完全交换法在无网格伽辽金方法中的应用进行了研究，实现了本质边界条件在节点处的精确施加。数值计算结果表明该方法不仅简单合理，而且具有较高的精度、收敛性和稳定性。     

无单元法求解正交各向异性板自由振动问题

无单元法是一种新出现的数值方法。本文对无单元法的数学基础—滑动最小二乘法进行了详细的研究,推导了无单元法的形函数,并对一些关键问题,如权函数的选取,正交基函数,边界条件,数值实现方法等得出了研究结论。用无单元法研究了正交各向异性板的自由振动问题,由动力学变分原理和滑动最小二乘法导出了正交各向异性板的无单元法质量矩阵和刚度矩阵,编制了相应的计算程序,通过计算实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

关于毕托管标定的数据处理问题

毕托管标定是实验流体力学教学中最基本的实验之一，在以往的教学中大多用经典的最小二乘法把实验数据拟合成过坐标原点的直线。本文讨论了用一般最小二乘法拟合直线方程的方法，并得出下列结论：（１）用经典最小二乘法带来的误差随数据相关系数减小而增大；（２）一般情况下，应该用不过坐标原点的直线方程拟合实验数据。     

近场动力学最小二乘和有限元耦合方法研究

准确高效地对损伤和断裂问题进行建模是计算力学中的关键研究课题之一。将近场动力学最小二乘在处理含裂纹等非连续问题上的优势和有限元计算效率高及便于施加边界条件的优势结合,提出了近场动力学最小二乘和有限元耦合方法。将裂纹及其可能扩展区域划分为近场动力学区域,边界及其他区域划分为有限元区域,并将其中的结点类型分为近场动力学结点和有限元结点。有限元结点仅与同单元中的其他结点产生作用,近场动力学结点则与其族内的所有结点产生作用。将以上的单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵进行组装得到整体刚度矩阵和整体质量矩阵。本文的耦合方法数值实现简单有效,相对于键基和常规态基近场动力学,该耦合方法包含了应力和应变的概念,同时不受零能模式的影响。一维和二维静态和动态问题的研究,验证了本文的耦合方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于核重构思想的最小二乘配点型无网格方法

介绍重构核点法的基本原理和近似函数的构造方法，并基于核重构思想，应用配点法和最小二乘原理，离散微分方程，建立求解的代数方程，提出了一种基于核重构思想的最小二乘配点型无网格方法．与一般配点法相比，该方法的系数矩阵是有对称正定的，计算精度高，稳定性好．该方法的实施不需要背景网格，不需要进行高斯积分，与Galerkin法相比，具有计算量小、边界条件处理简单的特点，是一种真正的无网格法．对该方法构造过程中的近似函数及其导数的计算、修正函数的计算及方法的实现等问题进行了探讨．文中结合若干典型算例，检验了该方法的有效性．     

改进广义移动最小二乘近似的无网格法

无网格法是求解微分方程定解问题的一种新数值方法.移动最小二乘近似只要求近似函数在各节点处的误差的平方和最小,对近似函数导数的误差没有任何约束.而广义移动最小二乘近似要求近似函数及其导数在所有节点处的误差的平方和最小.为了降低计算工作量,本文构造了要求近似函数在全部节点处和任意阶导数在部分节点处误差的平方和最小的改进广义移动最小二乘近似.数值计算显示本文提供的方法关于函数值和各阶导数值都具有很高的精度.     

Least‐squares meshfree method for incompressible Navier–Stokes problems

A least‐squares meshfree method based on the first‐order velocity–pressure–vorticity formulation for two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes problem is presented. The convective term is linearized by successive substitution or Newton's method. The discretization of all governing equations is implemented by the least‐squares method. Equal‐order moving least‐squares approximation is employed with Gauss quadrature in the background cells. The boundary conditions are enforced by the penalty method. The matrix‐free element‐by‐element Jacobi preconditioned conjugate method is applied to solve the discretized linear systems. Cavity flow for steady Navier–Stokes problem and the flow over a square obstacle for time‐dependent Navier–Stokes problem are investigated for the presented least‐squares meshfree method. The effects of inaccurate integration on the accuracy of the solution are investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无网格法在三维复杂超音速流场模拟中的应用研究

对最小二乘无网格方法在含复杂外形三维超音速流场中的应用进行了研究.选用分解法求解采用最小二乘法得到的对称方程组,针对最小二乘无网格方法的计算特点生成近似正交均匀分布的离散点,对B1AC2R常规导弹超音速流场采用最小二乘无网格方法进行了无粘数值模拟,计算了B1AC2R常规导弹在不同攻角下的轴向力、法向力及俯仰力矩系数,并将数值结果与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,最小二乘无网格方法在求解含复杂外形超音速流场时具有较高的准确度,将其应用于三维含复杂外形超音速流场的模拟是完全可行的.     

求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的加权最小二乘法

在地震反应分析过程中,提出了一种优化方法以解决Rayleigh阻尼系数计算时选择两阶合理参考频率的难题。该方法是以反应谱理论为基础,以结构位移峰值误差最小为目标函数。将位移反应谱用一阶Taylor级数近似计算,从而将目标函数简化为加权最小二乘法的方程。随后以框架结构为例,讨论了模态个数和阻尼比模型对Rayleigh阻尼系数计算的影响,并与传统方法、最小二乘法及基于多参考振型的加权最小二乘法进行比较。计算结果表明,最小二乘法由于忽略了模态贡献的影响,不是计算Rayleigh阻尼系数的合理方法。当模态个数所包含的累积振型参与质量达90%以上,本文方法所得Rayleigh阻尼系数计算结果稳定,结构动力反应的计算精度高。     

A 3D shell-like approach using element-free Galerkin method for analysis of thin and thick plate structures

A new efficient meshless method based on the element-free Galerkin method is proposed to analyze the static deformation of thin and thick plate structures in this paper. Using the new 3D shell-like kinematics in analogy to the solid-shell concept of the finite element method, discretization is carried out by the nodes located on the upper and lower surfaces of the structures. The approximation of all unknown field variables is carried out by using the moving least squares (MLS) approximation scheme in the in-plane directions, while the linear interpolation is applied through the thickness direction. Thus, different boundary conditions are defined only using displacements and penalty method is used to enforce the essential boundary conditions. The constrained Galerkin weak form, which incorporates only displacement degrees of freedom (d.o.f.s), is derived. A modified 3D constitutive relationship is adopted in order to avoid or eliminate some self-locking effects. The numeric efficiency of the proposed meshless formulation is illustrated by the numeric examples.     

Steady‐state solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using discrete least‐squares meshless method

A fractional step method for the solution of the steady state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is proposed in this paper in conjunction with a meshless method, named discrete least‐squares meshless (DLSM). The proposed fractional step method is a first‐order accurate scheme, named semi‐incremental fractional step method, which is a general form of the previous first‐order fractional step methods, i.e. non‐incremental and incremental schemes. One of the most important advantages of the proposed scheme is its capability to use large time step sizes for the solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. DLSM method uses moving least‐squares shape functions for function approximation and discrete least‐squares technique for discretization of the governing differential equations and their boundary conditions. As there is no need for a background mesh, the DLSM method can be called a truly meshless method and enjoys symmetric and positive‐definite properties. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate the ability and the efficiency of the proposed scheme and the discrete least‐squares meshless method. The results are shown to compare favorably with those of the previously published works. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constrained moving least‐squares immersed boundary method for fluid‐structure interaction analysis

A numerical method is presented for the analysis of interactions of inviscid and compressible flows with arbitrarily shaped stationary or moving rigid solids. The fluid equations are solved on a fixed rectangular Cartesian grid by using a higher‐order finite difference method based on the fifth‐order WENO scheme. A constrained moving least‐squares sharp interface method is proposed to enforce the Neumann‐type boundary conditions on the fluid‐solid interface by using a penalty term, while the Dirichlet boundary conditions are directly enforced. The solution of the fluid flow and the solid motion equations is advanced in time by staggerly using, respectively, the third‐order Runge‐Kutta and the implicit Newmark integration schemes. The stability and the robustness of the proposed method have been demonstrated by analyzing 5 challenging problems. For these problems, the numerical results have been found to agree well with their analytical and numerical solutions available in the literature. Effects of the support domain size and values assigned to the penalty parameter on the stability and the accuracy of the present method are also discussed.     

A weighted least squares method for first-order hyperbolic systems

The paper presents a generalization of the classical L²-norm weighted least squares method for the numerical solution of a first-order hyperbolic system. This alternative least squares method consists of the minimization of the weighted sum of the L² residuals for each equation of the system. The order of accuracy of global conservation of each equation of the system is shown to be inversely proportional to the weight associated with the equation. The optimal relative weights between the equations are then determined in order to satisfy global conservation of the energy of the physical system. As an application of the algorithm, the shallow water equations on an irregular domain are first discretized in time and then solved using Laplace modification and the proposed least squares method.     

Hierarchical recursive least squares algorithm for Hammerstein systems using the filtering method

A hierarchical recursive least squares algorithm is presented in the paper to estimate the parameters of Hammerstein nonlinear systems by combining the filtering method and least squares search principle. The key is to decompose the Hammerstein system into two subsystems by adopting the hierarchical idea. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.     

阻尼介质对简支圆柱壳塑性动力响应的影响

本文应用最小二乘法,分析了阻尼介质对简支圆柱壳塑性动力响应的影响。