Transient response of multiple intersecting spheres of deep-submerged pressure hull subjected to underwater explosion

From a structural perspective, the pressure hull is a significant structural component of underwater vehicles, to enable them to withstand environmental loadings such as hydrostatical pressure and underwater explosive loading. Hence, improving configuration design tends to be important for underwater vehicles. Applying a nonlinear FEM/DAA coupling procedure, which addresses the effects of transient dynamic, geometrical nonlinear, elastoplastic material behavior and the fluid structure interaction, this investigation examines the transient dynamic responses of a multiple intersecting spheres (MIS) deep-submerged pressure hull subjected to underwater explosion. The time histories of the wet-surface pressure, displacement, velocity, acceleration, von Mises stress and plastic strain are presented. Additionally, the deformed diagram and velocity distribution of MIS pressure hull are elucidated. The analytical results are valuable for designing novel pressure hulls to resist underwater explosion.     

冲击波和气泡作用下舰船结构动态响应的数值模拟

针对水下爆炸载荷、瞬态流固耦合效应在舰船水下爆炸数值模拟中的困难,在现有水下爆炸载荷计算模型(Geers and Hunter)的基础上,结合边界元法,修正水下爆炸气泡载荷计算方法.针对用二阶双渐近法(the second-order doubly-asymptotic approximation,DAA2)在处理低频...     

近场水下爆炸瞬态强非线性流固耦合无网格数值模拟研究

近场水下爆炸涉及多相流体的掺杂耦合以及结构的大变形、损伤和断裂等瞬态强非线性现象, 传统的网格算法在模拟近场水下爆炸时面临结构网格畸变、多相界面捕捉精度不足等难题, 鉴于此, 本文建立了完全无网格的近场水下爆炸冲击波和气泡全物理过程瞬态强非线性流固耦合动力学模型. 流体采用基于黎曼求解器的光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法求解, 结构采用重构核粒子法(RKPM)求解, 并基于法向通量边界条件实现流固耦合. 为提高SPH对流场间断的求解精度, 引入黎曼问题思想并结合MUSCL重构算法, 为解决流场粒子体积变化剧烈导致的精度下降问题, 应用了自适应粒子分割与合并方法. 为模拟水下爆炸对结构造成的损伤断裂, 基于退化实体几何表述, 采用Lemaitre损伤算法, 建立了RKPM壳结构断裂损伤模型. 依据所建立的SPH-RKPM流固耦合模型, 对近场水下爆炸冲击波传播、气泡脉动与射流以及结构毁伤进行了模拟, 将得到的冲击波载荷、气泡演化以及结构响应与实验值和其他数值解对比, 验证了当前建立的SPH-RKPM流固耦合模型的有效性和精度, 并给出了水下爆炸载荷特性及其对结构的流固耦合毁伤机制与规律, 旨在为近场水下爆炸载荷预报提供理论和基础性技术支撑, 为毁伤威力评估和舰船防护结构设计提供参考.      

基于场分离的水下爆炸流固耦合计算方法

基于谱单元方法对水下爆炸流固耦合机理进行了研究,针对总场模型中入射波在流体网格中传播会产生失真现象的问题,采用场分离技术,通过理论推导建立了水下爆炸流固耦合问题的散射场数值模型.经过编程计算比较得出,散射场数值模型有效解决了入射波在流体网格中传播的失真问题,比总场模型计算精度更高,可较好地应用于水下爆炸流固耦合问题的求...     

Fluid–structure interaction modelling of nonlinear aeroelastic structures using the finite element corotational theory

The application of the finite element corotational theory to model geometric nonlinear structures within a fluid–structure interaction procedure is proposed. A dynamic corotational approximately-energy-conserving algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear structural response and it is shown that this algorithm's application with a four-node flat finite element is more stable than the nonlinear implicit Newmark method. This structural dynamic algorithm is coupled with the unsteady vortex-ring method using a staggered technique. These procedures were used to obtain aeroelastic results of a nonlinear plate-type wing subjected to low speed airflow. It is shown that stable and accurate numerical solutions are obtained using the proposed fluid–structure interaction algorithm. Furthermore, it is illustrated that geometric nonlinearities lead to limit cycle oscillations.     

A mixed modal-differential quadrature method for free and forced vibration of beams in contact with fluid

A simple and accurate mixed modal-differential quadrature formulation is proposed to study the dynamic behavior of beams in contact with fluid. Both free and forced vibration problems are considered. The proposed mixed methodology uses the modal technique for the structural domain while it applies the differential quadrature method (DQM) to the fluid domain. Thus, the governing partial differential equations of the beam and fluid are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations in time. In the case of forced vibration, the Newmark time integration scheme is employed to solve the resulting system of ordinary differential equations. The proposed formulation, in general, combines the simplicity of the modal method and high accuracy and efficiency of the DQM. Its application is shown by solving some beam-fluid interaction problems. Comparisons with analytical solutions show that the present method is very accurate and reliable. To demonstrate its efficiency, the test problems are also solved using the finite element method (FEM). It is found that the proposed method can produce better accuracy than the FEM using less computational time. The technique presented in this investigation is general and can be used to solve various fluid-structure interaction problems.     

水下爆炸下典型舰船结构整体损伤模式表征方法及图谱研究

随着舰船抗爆炸冲击总体结构优化设计及水中兵器攻击效能评估研究的深入,建立水下中近距非接触爆炸作用下舰船整体损伤模式的快速判定方法尤为重要。通过Abaqus软件建立了爆炸冲击波和气泡联合作用下舰船结构整体损伤特性的数值模拟方法并进行了实验验证;分析了水下爆炸载荷强度及舰船结构强度等参数变化对结构整体损伤模式的影响,提出了综合反映爆炸冲击波和气泡联合作用的新型冲击强度因子C₄,表征舰船结构总体强度的结构强度因子S,初步构建了舰船整体损伤模式分布图谱C₄-S。研究结果表明,建立的数值方法能较好预测舰船结构整体损伤模式和总体变形,误差不超过10%;提出的两类因子能分别合理表征水下爆炸强度和舰船结构强度,构建的损伤模式分布图谱能较好区分不同爆炸强度、舰船结构强度下的舰船整体中拱、中垂、鞭状损伤模式,可实现对水下爆炸下舰船整体损伤模式的快速判定。     

基于双向流固耦合的超空泡射弹入水研究

超空泡射弹通过超空泡减阻技术在水下高速长距离航行, 是对抗水下近距离威胁的有效手段. 为了扩大防御范围、增加杀伤力, 超空泡射弹具有很高的发射速度. 高速超空泡射弹在入水时中受到极大的冲击载荷, 发生显著的结构变形, 结构变形与流场之间存在相互影响和作用, 常规的基于刚体假设的仿真研究方法不再适用. 为了研究高速超空泡射弹入水过程中的结构变形及其对流体动力特性的影响, 通过耦合流体力学求解器和结构动力学求解器, 建立了射弹高速入水双向流固耦合仿真模型, 并通过与文献中的试验结果进行对比验证了该模型空泡形态计算方法和耦合方法的准确性. 使用双向流固耦合的方法对高速射弹在不同初始攻角入水过程中的超空泡流动特性及结构变形特性进行了数值模拟研究, 通过对比流固耦合模型与刚体模型的计算结果, 得到了超空泡射弹的结构弯曲变形对流体动力载荷的影响. 研究结果表明: 高速射弹入水过程中流固耦合效应对超空泡流型及流体动力载荷的计算结果有显著影响; 本文所研究的射弹在考虑流固耦合效应, 带攻角垂直入水两倍弹长的范围内, 超空泡射弹的流体动力载荷与弯曲变形之间形成正反馈; 高速超空泡射弹在入水过程中受到的流体动力载荷及弹体应力应变随入水初始攻角的增加显著增大, 研究对象在初速1400m/s的条件下入水时, 当初始攻角不超过2°时不存在结构安全性问题.      

基于二阶双渐近法的双层圆柱壳在水下爆炸作用下的鞭状运动

针对潜艇在水下爆炸载荷下的鞭状运动,从波动方程出发,推导了二阶双渐近法后期近似,并结合声固耦合法初步解决了双层圆柱壳的内域问题,然后将其与显式有限元耦合形成了圆柱壳结构水下爆炸流固耦合分析方法。通过简单算例验证了本文分析方法的有效性和精度。最后,基于此方法分析了双层圆柱壳结构在水下爆炸载荷下的总体响应特性以及周期比和爆距比对其影响规律。     

航行体水下发射流固耦合效应分析

对于水下发射过程来说,掌握水动力载荷形成机理与结构响应特征是一个亟待解决的问题.研究该问题需要考虑含相变的复杂多相流动,变约束的结构运动以及这二者之间的耦合效应.本文采用松耦合的方法,以流体求解器为主体,将自编的固体结构程序接入流体求解器中,在每个时间步长内分别对流体动力学方程和固体结构动力学方程进行求解,通过流固界面之间的数据交换实现耦合计算.其中,流体求解器基于雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程,采用单流体模型处理多相流问题,引入空化模型描述空化相变,采用修正的湍流模型模拟混合物的湍流效应,并采用动网格技术处理移动边界问题.航行体的刚体运动和结构振动分开求解.结构求解器采用等效梁模型描述结构的振动,通过坐标变换给出了随体坐标系下的结构振动方程,求解方法采用时域积分法.所建立的流固耦合方法不仅能够捕捉到自然空化的演化情况,还可获得航行体所受水动力、结构振动响应以及截面的弯矩,获得了实验的验证.基于该方法研究了结构刚度、发射速度对空泡溃灭与结构振动耦合效应的影响规律.结果表明,同步溃灭是影响结构载荷的主要因素,包括溃灭压力幅值,溃灭压力作用位置,以及溃灭压力与结构振动的相位关系.     

One-dimensional response of sandwich plates to underwater shock loading

The one-dimensional shock response of sandwich plates is investigated for the case of identical face sheets separated by a compressible foam core. The dynamic response of the sandwich plates is analysed for front face impulsive loading, and the effect of strain hardening of the core material is determined. For realistic ratios of core mass to face sheet mass, it is found that the strain hardening capacity of the core has a negligible effect upon the average through-thickness compressive strain developed within the core. Consequently, it suffices to model the core as an ideally plastic-locking solid. The one-dimensional response of sandwich plates subjected to an underwater pressure pulse is investigated by both a lumped parameter model and a finite element (FE) model. Unlike the monolithic plate case, cavitation does not occur at the fluid-structure interface, and the sandwich plates remain loaded by fluid until the end of the core compression phase. The momentum transmitted to the sandwich plate increases with increasing core strength, suggesting that weak sandwich cores may enhance the underwater shock resistance of sandwich plates.     

水中爆炸冲击波载荷作用下舰船结构动态响应的数值模拟

采用大型通用有限元软件MSC.DYTRAN,对某型水面舰船全船结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应进行了数值模拟。分别从结构的变形损伤形式、能量吸收和冲击环境等几个方面研究了舰船结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的破坏机理和响应特征。     

Prolonged simulation of near-free surface underwater explosion based on Eulerian finite element method

In the area of naval architecture and ocean engineering, the research about the underwater explosion problem is of great significance. To achieve prolonged simulation of near-free surface underwater explosion, the underwater explosion transient numerical model is established in this paper based on compressible Eulerian finite element method(EFEM). Compared with Geers–Hunter formula, EFEM is availably validated by simulating the free-field underwater explosion case. Then, the bubble pulsation and flow field dynamic characteristics of the cases with different underwater explosive depth are compared in this work. Lastly, the height of the water hump and the pressure of flow flied are analyzed quantitatively through the simulation results.     

Coupled acoustic–structural response of optimized ring-stiffened hull for scaled down submerged vehicle subject to underwater explosion

One of the major problems confronted by the designer of submersibles is to minimize the weight of the pressure hull for increasing the payload of a crew and necessary equipment and to simultaneously enhance the strength of the pressure hull for withstanding hydrostatical pressure, underwater explosive loading and other environmental loading. Hence, this paper presents the optimal design of a small-scale midget submersible vehicle (MSV) pressure hull with a ring-stiffened cylinder and two hemispherical ends subjected to hydrostatic pressure, using a powerful optimization procedure combined the extended interior penalty function method (EIPF) with the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) method. According to the above optimum design results, we built up midget submersible vehicle finite element model. Then, the coupled acoustic–structural arithmetic from the widely used calculation program of the finite element – ABAQUS, was used to simulate and analyze the transient dynamic response of a midget submersible vehicle pressure hull that experiences loading by an acoustic pressure shock wave resulting from an underwater explosion (UNDEX). The analytical results are presented which will be used in designing stiffened optimum submersible vehicle so as to enhance resistance to underwater shock damage.     

界面曲率对空化的演变及结构载荷的影响

研究了近体水下爆炸中结构表面外形的变化对空化的形成、演变及结构载荷的影响.为了真实地考虑流体与固体的非线性相互作用,近期发展的流--固耦合多介质Riemann问题技术和修正的虚拟介质方法被推广应用于处理流体与固体的相互作用中.研究发现, 凹的表面设计不但可以导致爆炸冲击波局部汇聚和强化,而且随后可以强化空化破裂所造成的冲击, 研究进一步发现,这种强化作用还是非线性的, 随曲率的增加而非线性增强; 相反地,凸的表面设计可以减低爆炸冲击波冲击,而且可以弱化空化的产生,但其影响是非常有限的.      

舰船底部液舱结构在水下爆炸作用下的动态响应实验研究

实验研究了舰船底部液舱双层板结构在水下爆炸作用下的动态响应问题。对舰船底部液舱模型在空载、半载和满载状态下进行了水下爆炸实验,测量了底部液舱外板和内板的壁压、加速度和动态应变等参数。在此基础上,分析了船体底部液舱外板和内板在水下爆炸作用下的响应特点,液舱满载时水下爆炸冲击波的透射作用和半载液舱飞溅载荷对内底的冲击作用等问题。     

近水面水下爆炸二维Level-set数值模拟

水下爆炸是一个多介质、动边界、瞬态非线性过程,捕捉介质之间交界面的变化是数值模拟的一个难点.本文采用Level-set方法来描述水下爆炸气体产物和流体交界面以及自由表面变化,应用TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) 计算技术求解Level-set流场,首先建立了近水面水下爆炸的二维数值方法,然后,将该方法推广到流场内有刚性结构的情况,考虑了冲击波和刚性结构物的相互作用.为了模拟无限边界流场问题,引进了Thompson建立的无反射边界条件.     

考虑水弹性影响的水下航行体结构动响应研究

考虑水弹性的影响,计及惯性力、水动力和弹性力之间的相互耦合作用,将水动力学方程和结构动力学方程联合求解,采用三维势流理论和边界元法推导并计算了水下航行体结构的附加质量矩阵,对带空泡水下航行体出水过程中的结构动响应问题进行了分析.