水下爆炸下典型舰船结构整体损伤模式表征方法及图谱研究

随着舰船抗爆炸冲击总体结构优化设计及水中兵器攻击效能评估研究的深入，建立水下中近距非接触爆炸作用下舰船整体损伤模式的快速判定方法尤为重要。通过Abaqus软件建立了爆炸冲击波和气泡联合作用下舰船结构整体损伤特性的数值模拟方法并进行了实验验证；分析了水下爆炸载荷强度及舰船结构强度等参数变化对结构整体损伤模式的影响，提出了综合反映爆炸冲击波和气泡联合作用的新型冲击强度因子C₄，表征舰船结构总体强度的结构强度因子S，初步构建了舰船整体损伤模式分布图谱C₄-S。研究结果表明，建立的数值方法能较好预测舰船结构整体损伤模式和总体变形，误差不超过10%；提出的两类因子能分别合理表征水下爆炸强度和舰船结构强度，构建的损伤模式分布图谱能较好区分不同爆炸强度、舰船结构强度下的舰船整体中拱、中垂、鞭状损伤模式，可实现对水下爆炸下舰船整体损伤模式的快速判定。

Study on the characterization method and mode map of overall damage of typical warship structures subjected to underwater explosions

To develop the impact resistance technology of warship structures as well as to improve underwater weapon’s attack effectiveness, it is necessary to establish a method to rapidly judge and confirm the overall damage modes of the ship structure subjected to middle or near field underwater non-contact explosions. A numerical method was established using commercial software to analyze the overall damage characteristics of warship structures subjected to underwater explosion shock waves and bubble pulsation. An experiment was set up to verify the effectiveness of the method from both the overall damage mode and the deformation perspectives. By using this numerical method, the effects of the main structural strength parameters of the warship and the underwater explosion intensity on the overall damage modes of the warship were investigated. Based on the analysis of extensive experiments and numerical calculations, a factor C₄, which reflects the combined effect of a middle/near field underwater non-contact explosion shock wave and a bubble pulsation load, and a factor S, which contains the main structural parameters representing the overall strength of the ship structure, were proposed. The overall damage mode distribution map of ships was established using factor C₄ as the x-axis and factor S as the y-axis. The results show that the numerical analysis method can predict the overall damage mode and the deformation of ship structure with an error of less than 10%. The proposed two factors can reasonably characterize the underwater explosion intensity and the overall structural strength of the ship, respectively. The damage mode distribution map can distinguish the overall damage modes (the hogging damage, the sagging damage and the whipping response) of ships with different structural overall strengths subjected to different middle/near field underwater non-contact explosion intensities. The map can realize the rapid judgment on the overall damage modes of the ship subjected to underwater explosions.