纤维板增强钢筋砼缺口梁承载力试验研究

通过对8组24根碳纤维薄板增强钢筋混凝土梁进行三点弯曲试验，探讨碳纤维薄板增强钢筋混凝土缺口梁的破坏过程、极限承载力及其影响因子．研究结果表明：1)碳纤维薄板增强钢筋混凝土缺口梁总是沿着纤维薄板与混凝土的界面发生剥高破坏；2)与无增强梁相比，增强梁的极限来载力可以提高20％一40％．而且当纤维薄板贴长Lc与两支点间距离S之比为0．57左右时增强效果最明显；3)缺口对梁的破坏模式影响较大，而对梁的极限承载力影响不大(下降10％-15％)．     

循环载荷下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁的疲劳性能试验研究

以碳纤维薄板(CFL)增强RC梁为研究对象,通过对循环载荷作用下增强梁的三点弯曲疲劳试验研究,得到了增强梁的线性对数疲劳寿命曲线和跨中挠度的演化规律,外推得到了极限疲劳强度和抗弯刚度的演化规律,揭示了增强梁的疲劳破坏机理。循环载荷下CFL增强RC梁的破坏模式包括混凝土开裂、碳纤维薄板与混凝土界面剥离、主筋屈服等模式,疲劳破坏过程具有明显的损伤成核、稳定扩展、失稳扩展三阶段发展规律。与普通RC梁相比较,CFL增强RC梁的裂缝分布较均匀、密集,粘贴CFL对增强梁的初始抗弯刚度提高幅度较小,对疲劳损伤阶段的抗弯刚度则提高了约一倍。根据CFL增强RC梁的疲劳寿命曲线得到其极限疲劳强度为25.42 kN,为三点弯曲静载下极限承载力的58.5%。     

碳纤维增强混凝土缺口梁承载力试验研究

利用纤维薄板对混凝土构件进行加固或修补以提高其承载能力及延长使用寿命是一种新的先进补强方法。本文通过改变试件的缺口高度（α0）和纤维薄板长度（LX）,对素混凝土以及碳纤维薄板增强混凝土三点弯曲缺口梁试件进行对比试验研究,探讨两种梁的破坏机理及其极限承载力。试验及分析结果表明,采用碳纤维薄板外贴在梁的底部可提高梁 的整体刚度和强度,抑制混凝土中裂缝的扩展,改变梁的破坏模式,并大大提高其极限承载能力（可提高1．7－6．9倍）。     

随机载荷下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁试验研究

桥梁等钢筋混凝土结构在运营期所受活载为随机载荷。研究随机载荷作用下碳纤维薄板(Carbon Fiber Laminate简称CFL)片材增强钢筋混凝土构件的疲劳性能,对于采用碳纤维薄板技术加固桥梁等混凝土结构有重要的指导意义。本文通过随机载荷作用下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁的三点弯曲疲劳试验,得到了增强梁的S-N曲线和跨中挠度的演化规律,揭示了随机载荷下增强梁的疲劳破坏机理。随机载荷下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁的破坏模式包括钢筋断裂、碳纤维薄板剥离、混凝土压坏等破坏形态,疲劳破坏过程具有明显的损伤成核、稳定扩展、失稳扩展的三阶段发展规律。     

受拉区带缺口钢筋混凝土梁弯曲极限承载力的近似计算

进行受拉区带缺口钢筋混凝土梁和无缺口梁的对比实验，分析带缺口梁的承载机理，提出一种近似计算弯曲极限承载力的方法。     

爆炸荷载作用下影响RC梁破坏形态的主要因素分析

在冲击、爆炸等强荷载作用下，钢筋混凝土结构通常是发生弯曲破坏。室内外试验结果表明，当动荷载峰值较大、作用时间较短（脉冲荷载）时，钢筋混凝土结构易发生脆性的剪切破坏，其主要原因是脉冲荷载的高频成份丰富和加载速率高等特点容易激发结构构件中的剪切变形和剪 应力。本文基于Timoshenko梁理论，提出了一种爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁破坏形态的有限差分预报方法，利用该方法分析了荷载加载速率、截面高度、混凝土强度、配筋率等对钢筋混凝土破坏形态的影响规律，并指出，随着荷载升压段加载速率、截面高度、主筋配筋率的增加或混凝土强度的降低，梁的破坏形态从弯曲破坏转变为剪切破坏。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩弯剪数值分析模型

基于修正的压力场理论MCFT(The Modified Compression Field Theory)和纤维单元模型建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩的弯剪数值分析模型,以MCFT理论确定桥墩的剪切力-剪切位移关系,并与考虑桥墩弯曲变形的纤维单元模型组合,共同考虑桥墩的弯-剪-轴力耦合作用.通过与六个弯剪破坏控制的圆形截面钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验结果的对比,对分析模型进行了验证.主要认识结论为基于MCFT理论可准确地计算弯剪破坏桥墩的屈服荷载、极限荷载和弹性阶段剪切刚度,剪切开裂是引起钢筋混凝土构件剪切力-剪切位移关系刚度突变的主要因素,而弯曲开裂与纵筋屈服对刚度的影响较小;分析模型对弯剪破坏桥墩的滞回曲线、弯曲与剪切变形成分均进行了较为准确的模拟分析.     

温度-随机载荷下CFL加固RC梁疲劳性能的实验研究

考虑亚热带地区公路桥梁的服役环境温度与车辆载荷的作用效应,本文以碳纤维薄板(CFL)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)桥梁结构为研究对象,利用本课题组构建的实验平台,提出了温度与车辆随机载荷耦合作用下CFL加固RC梁的疲劳实验方法。在3个温度和3个载荷水平下实施了温度-随机载荷耦合作用下的三点弯曲疲劳实验,初步探讨了温度-随机载荷作用下加固梁的疲劳破坏机理,并提出了温度-随机载荷耦合下加固梁疲劳寿命的半经验公式。     

三维刚体弹簧元法在RC深梁抗剪性能尺寸效应评价中的应用

选取典型的钢筋混凝土(RC)深梁受剪试验，开发并运用三维刚体弹簧元法(3D RBSM)模拟了大尺寸截面深梁的受剪破坏过程，以及箍筋对深梁抗剪性能的影响。结果表明，3D RBSM不仅能够较准确地计算RC深梁的开裂荷载、名义抗剪强度以及箍筋的增强作用，而且能够模拟裂缝的开展以及构件的破坏。相比于有限元法，3D RBSM具有以下优势：大幅度提高了名义抗剪强度的计算精度，实现了散布裂缝模拟的可视化以及混凝土裂缝宽度的直观、定量评价；能够更好地捕捉峰值荷载后的软化行为。因此，3D RBSM为大尺寸截面深梁的受剪破坏模拟、明晰抗剪性能尺寸效应机理和完善大尺寸RC构件设计提供了有效研究手段。     

粘贴碳纤维布加固混凝土管道试验研究

首次通过对14个素混凝土和14个钢筋混凝土环状试件外粘碳纤维布加固性能进行试验，研究了碳纤维布加固混凝土内压圆管的破坏特征、受力性能和破坏机理。对不同加固方法及一次或二次受力的混凝土管在内压力作用下的极限承载力、荷载一应变关系等方面进行了研究。试验结果表明，用碳纤维布加固混凝土内压管可以显著地提高极限承载力，明显的改善了构件的延性，能够获得良好的力学性能。加固后试件的开裂承载力与未加固试件相比，提高幅度不大，加固试件二次受力与一次受力相比，开裂荷载有所降低，但极限承载力基本相同。用碳纤维布加固内压管是一个新课题，具有很好的应用前景，用本文提出的加固方法具有优良的加固性能，可为工程应用提供参考。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).