碳纤维板增强钢筋砼梁开裂性状试验研究

采用实验研究的方法，对碳纤维薄板增强钢筋混凝土三点弯曲缺口梁和无缺口梁的开裂性状及破坏规律进行探讨，分析其影响因子，研究结果表明：1)与无纤维板增强钢筋混凝土梁相比，碳纤维薄板增强钢筋混凝土三点弯曲梁的开裂性状和破坏模式更加复杂，开裂荷载和极限荷载提高，刚度增加；2)与无缺口梁相比，缺口梁的开裂性状大致相同，但开裂荷载和极限荷载都稍有下降，刚度增加；3)碳纤维薄板的粘贴长度对梁的开裂性状、开裂荷载、极限荷载和刚度有较大的影响；4)按照梁的不同的开裂性状，提出了相应的力学分析模型。     

碳纤维增强混凝土缺口梁承载力试验研究

利用纤维薄板对混凝土构件进行加固或修补以提高其承载能力及延长使用寿命是一种新的先进补强方法。本文通过改变试件的缺口高度（α0）和纤维薄板长度（LX）,对素混凝土以及碳纤维薄板增强混凝土三点弯曲缺口梁试件进行对比试验研究,探讨两种梁的破坏机理及其极限承载力。试验及分析结果表明,采用碳纤维薄板外贴在梁的底部可提高梁 的整体刚度和强度,抑制混凝土中裂缝的扩展,改变梁的破坏模式,并大大提高其极限承载能力（可提高1．7－6．9倍）。     

随机载荷下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁试验研究

桥梁等钢筋混凝土结构在运营期所受活载为随机载荷。研究随机载荷作用下碳纤维薄板(Carbon Fiber Laminate简称CFL)片材增强钢筋混凝土构件的疲劳性能,对于采用碳纤维薄板技术加固桥梁等混凝土结构有重要的指导意义。本文通过随机载荷作用下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁的三点弯曲疲劳试验,得到了增强梁的S-N曲线和跨中挠度的演化规律,揭示了随机载荷下增强梁的疲劳破坏机理。随机载荷下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁的破坏模式包括钢筋断裂、碳纤维薄板剥离、混凝土压坏等破坏形态,疲劳破坏过程具有明显的损伤成核、稳定扩展、失稳扩展的三阶段发展规律。     

循环载荷下碳纤维薄板增强RC梁的疲劳性能试验研究

以碳纤维薄板(CFL)增强RC梁为研究对象,通过对循环载荷作用下增强梁的三点弯曲疲劳试验研究,得到了增强梁的线性对数疲劳寿命曲线和跨中挠度的演化规律,外推得到了极限疲劳强度和抗弯刚度的演化规律,揭示了增强梁的疲劳破坏机理。循环载荷下CFL增强RC梁的破坏模式包括混凝土开裂、碳纤维薄板与混凝土界面剥离、主筋屈服等模式,疲劳破坏过程具有明显的损伤成核、稳定扩展、失稳扩展三阶段发展规律。与普通RC梁相比较,CFL增强RC梁的裂缝分布较均匀、密集,粘贴CFL对增强梁的初始抗弯刚度提高幅度较小,对疲劳损伤阶段的抗弯刚度则提高了约一倍。根据CFL增强RC梁的疲劳寿命曲线得到其极限疲劳强度为25.42 kN,为三点弯曲静载下极限承载力的58.5%。     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁受力性能的试验研究

通过对8根矩形截面钢筋混凝土梁的静力加载试验,研究了抗弯和抗剪两种加固方式对钢筋混凝土梁的破坏形态和力学性能的影响,对比分析了碳纤维加固率、试验梁的状态、混凝土强度对加固效果的影响。结果表明：经碳纤维抗弯哥口抗剪加固后加圉梁相应的力学性能指标值明显提高;混凝土裂缝扩展得到了有效延缓,加固效果明显;抗弯加固后可显著提高混凝土梁的承载力和延性,但提高程度并不与加固率成正比;预裂粱抗弯加固后承载力和延性得到提高,但与其相同加固参数的梁相比,其承载力和延性有所降低;抗剪加固时混凝土强度越高,加固后混凝土梁的承载力和变形能力提高幅度越大,其中混凝土梁的变形能力受混凝土强度的影响较大。最后,对加固梁的极限承载力进行了理论分析与计算,建立了实用的理论计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

受拉区带缺口钢筋混凝土梁弯曲极限承载力的近似计算

进行受拉区带缺口钢筋混凝土梁和无缺口梁的对比实验，分析带缺口梁的承载机理，提出一种近似计算弯曲极限承载力的方法。     

带边缘缺口碳纤维增强环氧复合材料拉伸破坏特性

本文对碳纤维增强环氧复合材料0°和±45°铺层带边缘缺口试件进行了拉伸破坏实验研究。结果表明:带有垂直于载荷方向边缘缺口的此种碳纤维增强复合材料受拉伸时,裂缝不是沿缺口长度方向扩展,而是沿纤维方向产生并扩展,缺口的存在基本上不影响其余无缺口部分的应力。对缺口不敏感特性与破坏模型进行了讨论。这种材料的破坏机理与各向同性材料相比具有明显的差别。     

GFRP管约束钢管混凝土加劲混合柱偏压力学性能试验研究

为改善钢管混凝土加劲混合构件因钢管内外混凝土存在力学差异，组合效应较低的不足，采用玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)管对其进行约束，研究了GFRP管约束钢管混凝土加劲混合柱(FCECFST)的偏压力学性能，将FCECFST与普通钢管混凝土加劲混合柱、GFRP管约束钢筋混凝土柱和钢管混凝土柱进行偏压试验对比，通过荷载-变形曲线、侧向挠度分布曲线和荷载-应变曲线剖析了试件破坏机理。研究结果表明：FCECFST偏压破坏以环向纤维断裂为标志；相比其他3种组合构件，FCECFST荷载-变形曲线峰值更高且下降段更平缓，表现出良好的极限承载力、抗弯刚度、延性性能和耗能能力；GFRP管对外围混凝土约束作用明显，对试件偏压力学性能影响显著。     

粘贴碳纤维布加固混凝土管道试验研究

首次通过对14个素混凝土和14个钢筋混凝土环状试件外粘碳纤维布加固性能进行试验，研究了碳纤维布加固混凝土内压圆管的破坏特征、受力性能和破坏机理。对不同加固方法及一次或二次受力的混凝土管在内压力作用下的极限承载力、荷载一应变关系等方面进行了研究。试验结果表明，用碳纤维布加固混凝土内压管可以显著地提高极限承载力，明显的改善了构件的延性，能够获得良好的力学性能。加固后试件的开裂承载力与未加固试件相比，提高幅度不大，加固试件二次受力与一次受力相比，开裂荷载有所降低，但极限承载力基本相同。用碳纤维布加固内压管是一个新课题，具有很好的应用前景，用本文提出的加固方法具有优良的加固性能，可为工程应用提供参考。     

AFL加固受损RC柱拟静力抗震实验研究

对已受损并引起承载力和抗震性能不足的在役桥梁墩柱,急需进行加固补强。为此,本文探讨采用新型纤维增强复合材料(FRP)片材——芳纶纤维薄板(AFL)加固受损钢筋混凝土(RC)桥梁墩柱及其拟静力抗震实验方法,并对AFL加固受损RC柱实施了拟静力抗震实验。研究结果表明,采用本文所示AFL加固方法可有效提高RC柱的抗剪承载力、极限位移,改善其延性变形能力和滞回耗能能力。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).