基于Hirota方法探求非零边界条件下MNLS/DNLS方程的孤子解

Hirota双线性导数变换处理非线性偏微分方程，是一种比反散射变换更为方便的直接方法。本文展示了Hirota双线性导数变换法应用于求解非线性可积方程的一般手续，以非零驻波边界条件下修正的非线性薛定谔(MNLS)方程为例，探求其孤子解；再通过简单的参数归零法直接得到导数非线性薛定谔(DNLS)方程在非零常数边界条件下的相应孤子解，亮/暗孤子解随时间和空间变量的演化也通过图像加以演示，所得孤子解与反散射方法得到的结果一致相符。     

可积模型中孤子相互作用的研究

从可积模型的双线性形式出发,可以得到关于方程场变量或某种势所存在的所有方向都是指数局域的dromion解或除一个方向外指数衰减的“Solitoff”解.以(1+1)维和(2+1)维KdV类型方程为例,对孤子(dromions或“Solitoff”)间的相互作用进行了详细的研究,发现孤子间的相互作用规律与方程的维数和类型无关.只要方程的多孤子解形式符合Hirota标准形式(所有耦合系数均不为零),孤子之间的碰撞是弹性的,否则就是非弹性的 关键词： 可积模型 孤子相互作用 双线性方法     

(2+1)维破裂孤子方程的新多孤子解

Hirota双线性方法是一种非常有效的直接方法，使得求解非线性演化方程的多孤子解转化为 代数求解.将这一方法进一步拓展，求得了(2+1)维破裂孤子方程的新多孤子解. 关键词： 双线性方法 多孤子解 (2+1)维破裂孤子方程     

变系数耦合非线性薛定谔方程的二孤子解及其相互作用

基于包含可变参数增益的四分量耦合非线性薛定谔方程,采用Hirota双线性方法,获得了三亮一暗的二孤子解及其渐近极限,并详细地讨论了二孤子解的传输特性,结果表明:合理选择参数,可以获得二孤子解的弹性碰撞、非弹性碰撞和束缚态传输等情况。     

（2+1）维Sawada-Kotera方程中两个Y周期孤子的相互作用

利用双线性方法给出了2+1维Sawaka-Kotera(SK)方程的N孤子解.将N孤子解中的实参数扩大到复数范围，得到了该方程的呼吸子解，描述线孤子和y周期孤子相互作用的解和两个y周期孤子相互作用的解.从解析和几何两个角度探讨了两个y周期孤子的相互作用.相互作用性质和耦合系数有关.对于SK方程，耦合系数的取值只允许方程中存在弹性的排斥相互作用. 关键词： y周期孤子相互作用 SK方程 双线性方法     

两个非线性发展方程的双向孤波解与孤子解

采用分步确定拟解的原则, 对齐次平衡法求非线性发展方程孤子解的关键步骤作了进一步改 进. 以广义Boussinesq方程和bidirectional Kaup-Kupershmidt方程为应用实例, 说明使用 该方法可有效避免“中间表达式膨胀”的问题, 除获得标准Hirota形式的孤子解外, 还能获 得其他形式的孤子解. 关键词： 齐次平衡法 孤子解 孤波解 广义Boussinesq方程 bidirectional Kaup-Kupershmi dt方程     

可积系统的双线性约化方法

本综述主要介绍了双线性约化方法在可积系统求解中的应用.这一方法基于双线性方法和解的双Wronskian表示.对于通过耦合系统约化而获得的可积方程,先求解未约化的耦合系统,给出用双Wronskian表示的解;进而利用双Wronskian的规则结构,施以适当的约化技巧,获得约化后的可积方程的解.以非线性Schr?dinger方程族和微分-差分非线性Schrodinger方程为具体例证,详述此方法的应用技巧.除了经典可积方程,该方法也适用于非局部可积系统的求解.其他例子还包括Fokas-Lenells方程和非零背景的非线性Schr?dinger方程等可积系统的求解.     

(2+1)维Boussinesq方程的新的周期解

利用Hirota方法及Riemann theta函数得到了(2+1)维Boussinesq方程的新的周期解.在极限情况下,该周期解退化为孤子解. 关键词： Hirota方法 Riemann theta 函数 (2+1)维Boussinesq方程 周期解     

含零点的Riemann问题的显式解

在Lax对满足反自轭的对合条件下，求出了2×2矩阵形式的含零点的Riemann问题的显式解．井应用于NLS方程和SG方程求多孤子解的显式     

一个(3+1)维孤子方程的周期解

利用Hirota方法及Riemann theta函数得到了一个(3+1)维孤子方程的周期解.在极限情况下,该周期解退化为孤子解.另外,利用计算机技术和Mathematica绘制了解的三维曲面图.     

FAAS测定垃圾渗滤液中的铜、铅、锌、铬、镉和镍

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定垃圾渗滤液中铜、铅、锌、铬、镉和镍含量的方法.铜、镉、铬在0.01-0.05μg/mL呈现良好的线性关系,锌、镍、铅的线性范围为0.10-0.50μg/mL,相关系数分别为0.9987、0.9968、0.9993、0.9999、0.9995、0.9974.铜、铅、锌、铬、镉、镍的加标回收率范...     

ICP-AES测定微硅粉中Ca、Mg、Fe和Al的含量

微硅粉样品经氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸消解,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定Ca、Mg、Fe、Al杂质元素含量。方法的回收率为：Ca 95.2%—100.3%,Mg 96.2%—99.6%,Fe 95.8%—97.2%,Al 98.6%—104.6%,精密度在1.50%—2.59%之间。本方法线性范围宽、分析效率高、具有良好的准确性和精密度,能快速准确地测定微硅粉中Ca、Mg、Fe和Al杂质元素的含量。     

Principles of demineralization: modern strategies for the isolation of organic frameworks. Part I. Common definitions and history

In contrast to biomineralization phenomena, that are among the most widely studied topics in modern material and earth science and biomedicine, much less is systematized on modern view of demineralization. Biomineralized structures and tissues are composites, containing a biologically produced organic matrix and nano- or microscale amorphous or crystalline minerals. Demineralization is the process of removing the inorganic part, or the biominerals, that takes place in nature via either physiological or pathological pathways in organisms. In vitro demineralization processes, used to obtain mechanistic information, consist in the isolation of the mineral phase of the composite biomaterials from the organic matrix. Physiological and pathological demineralization include, for example, bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. Bioerosion, a more general term for the process of deterioration of the composite biomaterials represents chemical deterioration of the organic and mineral phase followed by biological attack of the composite by microorganisms and enzymes. Bioerosional organisms are represented by endolithic cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, plants, sponges, phoronids and polychaetes, mollusks, fish and echinoids.In the history of demineralization studies, the driving force was based on problems of human health, mostly dental caries. In this paper we summarize and integrate a number of events, discoveries, milestone papers and books on different aspect of demineralization during the last 400 years. Overall, demineralization is a rapidly growing and challenging aspect of various scientific disciplines such as astrobiology, paleoclimatology, geomedicine, archaeology, geobiology, dentistry, histology, biotechnology, and others to mention just a few.     

Photophysical and photochemical properties of inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with aminocoumarins

B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 200–205, March–April, 1995.     

The nature of empirical constants in the equation relating the frequency of the stretching vibration of oh-groups to parameters of the [MO n ]-polyhedrons coordinating these groups

Institute of Physicoorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220603, Minsk, Ul. Surganova, 13, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 104–107, January–February, 1995.     

Short-pulse Calorimetric Load for High Power Millimeter-wave Beams

A spherical compact matched load, for high vacuum operation suited for short pulses (2 MW, 0.1 s) precise measurement has been designed to test high power gyrotrons Bruschi, Gandini, Muzzini, Spinicchia, Cirant, Gittini, Granucci, Mellera, Nardone, Simonetto, and Sozzi (Fusion Eng. Des. 56–57:649–654, 2001); Bruschi, Cirant, Gandini, Granucci, Mellera, Muzzini, Nardone, Simonetto, Sozzi, and Spinicchia (Nucl. Fusion 43:1513–1519, 2003); Bruschi, Cirant, Gandini, Gittini, Granucci, Mellera, Muzzini, Nardone, Simonetto, Sozzi, Spinicchia, Angella, and Signorelli (Development of CW and short-pulse calorimetric loads for high power millimeter-wave Beams, 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology, September 20–24, 2004, Venice, Italy). In order to enhance the power handling capability of the load and to reduce the operation problems that may arise from an excessive reflection from the load, a ray tracing code has been written to model the power distribution on the inner surface and the pattern of the reflected radiation. The outcome of this code has been used to select a more convenient profile for the spreading mirror of the load and to optimize a pre-load specially conceived to minimize the power reflected fraction.     

Effect of oxygen on the optical properties of ZnSe in the region of 0.44–20 μm

Moscow Power Engineering Institute, 14, Krasnokazarmennaya Str., Moscow, GSP, 105835, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnois Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 646–651, July–August, 1996.     

Effects of acid anions,major metallic elements,and chlorides on Li detection by DFWM in graphite furnace

In trace Li analysis with degenerate four-wave mixing （DFWM） method, acid anions and major metallic elements are dominant interferences in Li-eontaining samples. To better use DFWM technique to analyze trace Li in actual samples, we study their effects on Li DFWM signal intensity. It is found that K, Cs, and Ni can enhance the Li DFWM signal, SO4^2, PO^34-, Cl-, and Ca can cause significant suppression, and NO3-, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Na almost have no effects. Finally, we use HaBOa to eliminate the depressive effects of chlorides on Li DFWM signal. The result is also of reference in other trace elements analysis with DFWM.     

Specific features of the generation of aqueous solutions of Rhodamine 6G in laser pumping

M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'yovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 236–241, March–April, 1996.     

热超构材料：几何结构、工作机制与新奇性质

因为在热保护、热探测和热管理领域存在重要的应用价值,自由操控宏观热流一直是人类的 一个梦想。热超构材料正是为此目的应运而生,它是电磁超构材料在热学领域的延伸。在此,我将 综述该领域自2008 年诞生以来取得的若干研究进展,其将主要包括以下新奇热现象或功能器件： 热隐身;热聚集;热旋转;宏观热二极管;热伪装;热透明;热晶体;环境温差中零能耗保温;宏 观热网络中反常热传导;热对流隐身、聚集、伪装;热辐射制冷。我将介绍与之相关的微观或宏观 传热机制,这些机制可以通过以下理论或方法来理解或阐述：变换热学理论、Laplace 方程、热声 子能带理论、相变理论、变换热对流理论、热辐射制冷理论。我也将介绍这些材料从基础研究到工 业应用的发展前景。