超声测距变结构控制系统的研究

本文在超声测距系统中采用了变结构控制理论，根据所测物体的反射界面和介质性质，自动调节超声波发射换能器的功率，建立了超声测距系统的数学模型，对系统方程进行了理论分析，研究了变结构控制系统的设计方法，并结合应用实例，对钻井法凿井用超声波测井仪中超声测距系统进行了计算机仿真，并在实验室进行了实验。     

超声频谱分析中应用自适应学习网络技术进行缺陷自动鉴别的研究

超声频谱分析是把频谱分析用于超声检验的技术，本文介绍了自行设计的超声频谱分析系统和研究开发的对频谱与缺陷作出相关分析的计算机程序，超声频谱分析系统中，研制了超声频谱探伤装置，以微机作为基本工具，利用步进采样技术对缺陷回波进行采样，通过软件进行快速傅里叶变换，获得频谱信号，然后，应用非线性自动增长的自适应学习网络技术，实现了对缺陷的自动鉴别，对有尖锐边缘与平滑边缘的两类人工缺陷所作的定性分析与横孔直径的定量分析都获得了较好的结果。     

一种纵扭复合换能器型超声马达的原理及实验研究

本文从纵扭振动换能器理论出发，计算了一种新的复合换能器型超声马达，并进行了实验研究，测出了其主要性能参数。     

钢质薄壁气缸套超声珩磨的研究

作者作用自行研制的立式超声珩磨装置对钢质薄壁气缸套本体进行了超声珩磨试验，分别以表面粗糙度和珩磨效率为指标对超声珩磨油石进行了正交试验，确定了超硬磨料，粒度和结合剂对表面粗糙度和珩磨效率的影响顺序，试验结果表明，超声珩磨钢质薄壁气缸套可提高珩磨效率１－３倍，表面粗糙度Ｒａ可达０．５－２．１μｍ，超声珩磨解决了钢质薄壁气缸的加工难题，开辟了一条高效率珩磨加工软钢的途径。     

纵-扭复合振动模式指数型复合超声变幅杆的研究

本文对指数型纵－扭复合振动模式的复合超声变幅杆进行了理论及实验研究，该变幅杆由均匀截面直棒及指数型截面杆组成。文中推出了变幅杆中纵向振动及扭转振动的共振频率方程，通过发迹指数型变截面棒的截面变化规律，实现了同一变幅杆中纵向振动与扭转振动的同频共振。     

超声溶栓

超声溶栓长期为人们所重点研究。本文对超声溶栓技术进行了综述，着重介绍和分析了其发展历史、溶栓机理、技术特点和研究现状，最后对以后的研究工作提出了一些看法。     

超声多普勒效应与人体血流彩色显象

超声医学的重大进展之一是成功地将多普勒效应用于显现人体的血流运动状况，并以彩色加以显示，使之成为对血管类疾病，特别是心血管疾病进行无损伤诊断的理想途径．本文对彩色血流显象原理、系统实现方法及其重要发展方向进行了论述．     

激光超声方法研究固-固界面波传播特性

对界面波的传播特性进行了理论及实验研究.首先探讨了界面波的求根问题，基于黎曼面分析，给出了求解界面波特征方程所有根的一般方法.理论上对三种常见的界面波——Stoneley波，Leaky Rayleigh及Leaky Interface波传播机理进行了分析，描述了三种界面波的波矢及位移势在两种介质中的状态.最后基于光弹效应原理, 利用全光学的激光超声手段对界面波进行了实验测量，实测结果与理论符合很好.     

超声耦合振动与“局部共振”现象

本文从耦合振动的角度出发，对超声加工系统中出现的“局部共振”现象进行了研究，通过对振动系统的分析用计算，指出“局部共振”流言是耦合振动的一种表现。     

对超声DOPPLER声谱图进行分类决策的两种方法

本文介绍了两种对超声多普勒血流声谱图进行了波形自动分类法决策的方法，方法一与统计得到的标准波形相比，按适当判据进行自动分类，方法二，送入训练的人工神经网络进行自动分类，待分类波形由计算多普勒信号的最大频率提取声谱包络并经分段，平均和归一化等处理得以，文中给出了计算机模拟的结果。     

Cooling induced by parametric resonance in a magnetic quadrupole trap

It is demonstrated experimentally that the anharmonic property of the quadrupole trap can be exploited to cool trapped atoms by modulating the trap potential anisotropically.This cooling effect arises from the energy-selective removal of the most energetic trapped atoms and the thermal equilibrium of the remaining atoms.The frequency dependences of the temperature and the fraction of the atoms left in the trap after the modulation are explored.It is also demonstrated that the cooling induced by parametric resonance can also increase the phase space density of the trapped atoms.     

Influence of dielectric microcavity on the spontaneous emission rate of atom: a perspective on the closed-orbit theory of photons

The formulas of the quantum electrodynamics have been applied to calculate the spontaneous emission rate of excited atom in dielectric microcavity.The results exhibit damping oscillating Patterns which depend sensitively on the scaling parameter and geometrical structure.Compared with the case that the emitting atom is immersed in dielectric,the spontaneous emission rate is depressed obviously and the center or the mean value of the oscillations is intimately related to the real refractive index of the local position where the atom is.In order to explain this phenomenon,we utilize the closed-orbit theory to deal with the classical trajectories of the emitted photon.and extract the corresponding frequencies of the oscillations by Fourier transform.It is found that the oscillations can be represented in terms of the closed-orbits of the photon motion constrained in dielectric microcavity,thus providing another perspective on the spontaneous emission of atom sandwiched by dielectric slabs.     

Recovery of the free field in noisy environment by using the spherical wave superposition method

To remove the scattering effect of the disturbing sound on the target source when implementing nearfield acoustic holography in a non-free field, a free field recovery technique based on the spherical wave superposition method is proposed. In the method, the sound field separation technique based on the spherical wave superposition method is first used to separate the incoming and outgoing fields, and a further step for separating the radiated and scattered fields is performed by utilizing the surface admittance of the target source as the boundary condition. The technique makes it possible to correctly identify noise sources in a non-free sound field. The basic principle of the technique is described firstly, a method for choosing the optimal number of spherical wave expansion terms is given, and two numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the validity of this technique. It is shown that, for the lower frequency, the scattering effect can be neglected, and the radiated field of the target source can be obtained by the sound field separation technique, however, as the increasing of the frequency, the scattering effect cannot be neglected, and the free field recovery technique has to be used to obtain the radiated field of the target source.     

A subspace fitting algorithm of acoustic vector sensor array and corresponding matrix pre-filter design

In order to ease the pass-band response distortion of the matrix pre-filter,a simple approach for designing matrix spatial filter is proposed,which minimizes the sum of the k maximal distortion norm（k is the number of the constraint points）within the pass-band,while constraining the filter response within the stop-band.Considering the costly amount of calculation of the high-resolution methods,an algorithm with small amount of calculation based on matrix pre-filtering and subspace fitting using acoustic vector array（MF-VSSF）is proposed.Through joint processing of signal subspace of both pressure and particle velocity,the pre-filtering matrix and the signal subspace is decreased to M-dimensional（M is the number of array-element）,hence reduces the time-consumption of the matrix pre-filter design and DOA searching.Simulation results show that,the method offers the same performance as MUSIC with pre-filtering,but has much lesser amount of calculation.Moreover,the designed prefilter can efficiently suppress the interference in the stop-band and improve the estimation and resolution performance of successive DOA estimators.     

Sound scattering from partially water-filled elastic spherical shell with an internal elastic plate

According to the equation of motion in the elastic medium and integral equation of target scattering, the sound scattering from the partially water-filled elastic spherical shells with and without an inner plate is studied using the finite element and boundary element method, and the scattering normalized form functions of the shell filled with different volume of water are computed and the mechanism of resonance scattering is analyzed. The results show that the resonance of the shell with partially water-filled and without the plate is mainly related to the volume of water, and the resonance is produced by inner water and the spherical shell. The resonance characteristics of partially water-filled elastic shell with the plate are similar to that of empty structured elastic spherical shell, and the sound field in inner water is weaker which indicates the main resonance characteristics are decided by spherical shell and the plate. In addition, the scattering characteristics of spherical shell with plate and one side full water-filled are greatly different from the partially water-filled ones.     

Influence of substrate process tolerances on transmission characteristics of frequency-selective surface

Frequency-selective surface （FSS） is a two-dimensional periodic structure consisting of a dielectric substrate and the metal units （or apertures） arranged periodically on it. When manufacturing the substrate, its thickness and dielectric constant suffer process tolerances. This may induce the center frequency of the FSS to shift, and consequently influence its characteristics. In this paper, a bandpass FSS structure is designed. The units are the Jerusalem crosses arranged squarely. The mode-matching technique is used for simulation. The influence of the tolerances of the substrate＇s thickness and dielectric constant on the center frequency is analyzed. Results show that the tolerances of thickness and dielectric constant have different influences on the center frequency of the FSS. It is necessary to ensure the process tolerance of the dielectric constant in the design and manufacturing of the substrate in order to stabilize the center frequency.     

Numerical analysis of the 2D acoustic field with fuzzy-random parameters

Regard for the fuzziness and the randomness in some acoustic fields,a method for the numerical analysis of the 2D acoustic field with Fuzzy-Random parameters was proposed based on the equivalent conversion of information entropy.In the proposed method,a fuzzyrandom acoustic field was treated as a pure fuzzy acoustic field or a pure random acoustic field by transforming all the variables into fuzzy variables or random variables.Perturbation finite element methods for analyzing the two-dimensional acoustic fuzzy and random field are deduced.The sound pressure response of a 2D acoustic tube and the 2D acoustic cavity of a car with fuzzy-random parameters were analyzed by the proposed method and the Monte Carlo method,the results show that the proposed method can be well applied to the numerical analysis of the 2D acoustic field with fuzzy-random parameters,and has good prospect of engineering application.     

A methodology to achieve the basis function for the expansion of sound speed profile

In order to evaluate the reliability and applicability of the Empirical Orthogonal Functions（EOFs）in the acoustic inversion of sound speed profile（SSP）and reduce EOF＇s dependence on the sample data,a methodology is proposed for the achievement of the basis functions for SSP＇s expansion.By analyzing the oceanographic dynamics which is the main cause of the SSP＇s variation,the basis functions are obtained naming the Hydrodynamic Normal Modes（HNMs）.The HNM basis functions are almost the same as those derived from the EOF method,while HNMs has less dependence on the amount of the sample data.HNMs method has a physically meaningful interpretation,and it could give out the physical parameters which determine the basis functions for the expansion of SSP,and this makes it possible to analyze and evaluate the trustiness and applicability of EOFs.     

Frequency-invariant robust adaptive beamforming based on interference covariance matrix reconstruction

Consider the problems of frequency-invariant beampattern optimization and robustness in broadband beamforming.Firstly,a global optimization algorithm,which is based on phase compensation of the array manifolds,is used to construct the frequency-invariant beampattern.Compared with some methods presented recently,the proposed algorithm is not only available to get the global optimal solution,but also simple for physical realization.Meanwhile,a robust adaptive broadband beamforming algorithm is also derived by reconstructing the covariance matrix.The essence of the proposed algorithm is to estimate the space-frequency spectrum using Capon estimator firstly,then integrate over a region separated from the desired signal direction to reconstruct the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix,and finally caleulate the adaptive beamformer weights with the reconstructed matrix.The design of beamformer is formulated as a convex optimization problem to be solved.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is almost always close to the optimal value across a wide range of signal to noise ratios.     

Pseudorapidity distribution of multiplicity in Au+Au collisions at √SNN=200 GeV

Using the Glauber model,we discuss the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions in heavy-ion collisions.Based on the latter,after considering the effect of energy loss of the nucleons in multiple collisions,we derive the pseudorapidity distribution of the multiplicity as a function of the impact parameter in nucleus-nucleus collisions.Using this,we analyze the experimental measurements carried out by the BRAHMS Collaboration in Au+Au collisions at √SNN=200 GeV.The results are in good agreement with the experimental observations.