扭转超声振动系统中局部共振的研究

本文从扭转振动波动方程出发，推导出了具有类圆锥过渡段的复合阶梯型扭转变幅杆的频率方程解析表达式。从实验和理论上对该复合变幅杆的谐振频率随杆细端长度和直径的变化进行了测量和计算。通过对比，证明了复合振动系统中局部扭转共振现象的存在，并得到了其产生条件。     

工具杆几何尺寸对超声扭转振动特性的影响

依据四端网络理论，利用机电类比方法，研究了具有类圆锥过度段的复合阶梯型变幅杆的扭转共振频率和与之相连接的工具杆的几何尺寸之间的变化关系，理论和实验符合的较好，为超声扭转加工振动系统的设计提供了参考依据。     

新型柱孔式模式转换型纵-扭复合模态超声振动系统*

为了改善基于螺旋槽结构和斜槽结构的模式转换型纵-扭复合模态超声振动系统存在的结构复杂、扭转分量较小等问题,论文提出了基于新型柱孔式复合变幅杆的模式转换型纵-扭复合模态超声振动系统,并利用有限元法和数据分析对其进行了仿真分析,结果表明,引入新型柱孔式复合变幅杆的系统的输出端面的剪切应力、旋转角度得到了大幅提升,能够有效地提高纵、扭振动的转换效率。     

带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆设计及动态分析

在超声振动拉丝加工过程中,为了实现线材的顺利拉拔,需要应用带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆。为此,本文基于等效四端网络与传输矩阵法,建立了带锥形孔圆锥变幅杆的传输矩阵,推导出带锥形孔圆锥过渡复合变幅杆的频率方程的一般公式。根据推导出的频率方程,应用区间搜索法和牛顿迭代法获取了准确的数值解,实现了该复合变幅杆的纵向振动。之后,应用有限元软件Ansys对设计出的复合变幅杆分别进行模态分析和动力学特性分析,获得了各段不同长度下复合变幅杆谐振频率、放大系数以及最大应力值的变化规律。最后,对制造出的复合变幅杆进行阻抗与振动性能测试,结果表明其频率准确,且振幅比较稳定。     

几种扭振复合超声变幅杆的研究

对左、右段为圆柱型、中间段为变截面杆的三段式复合扭振超声变幅杆给出了频率方程和参数计算通式据此得出中间段l2分别为指数型、类国雄型、类悬镇线型和类余弦型，而l1=l3≠0，或l1≠0；或l3≠0的各种组合复合杆的参数计算式，并算出了其参数值，给出了主要参数曲线．测试了十组典型试件的谐振频率和放大系数，实验结果与理论值基本一致，本法可组合成许多适应各种用途的扭振复合杆     

换能器前辐射头与轴向相平行方向的弯曲振动

复合棒型换能器前面的变截面组件在工作时常伴有弯曲振动现象，这在一定程度上会影响换能器的工作性能；利用复合棒型换能器的纵向振动基频与前辐射头弯曲振动的恰当耦合，可展宽换能器的频带。本文用有限元法，研究了前辐射头在声换能器组成中的弯曲振动问题，与测试结果相吻合。     

几种扭振复合超声变幅杆的研究

对左、右段为圆柱型、中间段为变截面杆的三段式复合扭振超声变幅杆给出了频率方程和参数计算通式据此得出中间段l2分别为指数型、类国雄型、类悬镇线型和类余弦型，而l1=l3≠0，或l1≠0；或l3≠0的各种组合复合杆的参数计算式，并算出了其参数值，给出了主要参数曲线．测试了十组典型试件的谐振频率和放大系数，实验结果与理论值基本一致，本法可组合成许多适应各种用途的扭振复合杆     

超声振动系统的纵-弯和扭-弯复合振动

对超声变幅杆以及变幅杆与夹心换能器组成的振动系统的纵－弯和扭－弯复合振动进行了研究．变幅杆是任意变截面杆,弯曲振动分析是基于Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ理论．理论结果进行了实验验证．     

大截面超声变幅杆的近似设计理论

木文研究了大截面圆形变幅杆的设计问题,通过引进变幅杆的等效半径,利用表观弹性法理论,分析了圆锥形、指数形及悬链线形三种常用变幅杆的耦合振动,给出了适用于工程应用的近似设计及计算公式.理论计算及实验表明,利用近似理论计算设计大截面变幅杆,物理意义明显,计算简单,利用计算器便可迅速得出所需数据。与一维理论的计算结果相比,考虑径向振动后所得到的大截面变幅杆的谐振频率更接近于实际测量值,并且设计频率与测量频率之间的误差也完全满足工程上的要求.     

基于能量修正法进行大尺寸指数型超声变幅杆准确设计

基于能量修正法修正了大尺寸变幅杆纵振动共振频率方程，得出了其修正频率表达式，分析了大尺寸指数型变幅杆的共振频率修正值，并利用有限元软件ANSYS对一组大尺寸指数变幅杆进行了模态分析。结果表明，比起一维理论值，修正后的频率值更接近于有限元仿真分析结果，变幅杆的尺寸越大（即径长比越大）这种修正效果越明显。     

夹心式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的共振频率

本文对夹心式纵-扭复合振动模式压电超声换能器进行了研究．从换能器的等效电路出发，在无耦合时，得出了换能器中纵向振动模式及扭转振动模式的各自共振频率方程．实验表明，换能器各自共振频率的测试值与理论计算值基本符合．     

夹心式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的共振频率

本文对夹心式纵－扭复合振动模式压电超声换能进行了研究，从换能器的等效电路出发，在无耦合时，得出换热能器纵向振动模式及扭转振动模式的各自共振频率方程，实验表明，换能器各自共振频率的测试值与理论计算值基本符合。     

Study on the prestressed sandwich piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer of torsional-flexural composite vibrational mode

Based on the classical torsional and flexural vibrational theory of a slender rod, the prestressed sandwich torsional-flexural composite mode piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer is studied. This type of transducer consists of the slender metal rods and the longitudinally and tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings. The resonance frequency equations for the torsional and flexural vibrations in the transducers are derived. The simultaneous resonance of the torsional and flexural vibrations in the transducer is acquired by correcting the length of the metal slender rods resulting from the piezoelectric ceramic elements. The experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the computed ones, and the measured resonance frequencies of the torsional and the flexural vibrations in the composite transducers are also in good agreement with each other.     

Study on the Langevin piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer of longitudinal-flexural composite vibrational mode

In this paper, the Langevin longitudinal-flexural composite mode piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is studied. This type of transducers consists of slender metal rods and longitudinally polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings. The resonance frequency equations for the longitudinal and flexural vibrations in the transducer are derived. By correcting the length of the metal slender rods, the simultaneous resonance of the longitudinal and flexural vibrations in the transducer is acquired. The experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the computed ones, and the measured resonance frequencies of the longitudinal and the flexural vibrations in the composite transducers are also in good agreement with each other.     

A new type of high power composite ultrasonic transducer

A new type of high power composite ultrasonic transducer was proposed and studied. The composite transducer consists of a sandwich longitudinal piezoelectric transducer, an isotropic metal hollow cylinder with large radial dimension, and the front and back metal radiation mass. By means of its special structure and Poisson’s effect, the composite transducer can produce vibrations both in its longitudinal and radial directions, and therefore, it can radiate sound waves in three-dimensional space. The electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of the composite transducer was derived and the resonance frequency equation was obtained analytically. Numerical methods were used to simulate the vibration of the composite transducer, and the vibrational displacement distribution, the resonance frequency and the radiation sound field are given. Some composite transducers are designed and manufactured; their resonance frequencies and the radiation acoustic field are measured and compared with the analytical and numerical results. It can be seen that the measured frequencies and acoustic field contour are in good agreement with the analytical and numerical results. It is expected that this kind of composite ultrasonic transducer can be used in more and more power ultrasonic applications, such as ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic extraction, ultrasonic sonochemistry and other ultrasonic liquid processing, where high ultrasonic power and large ultrasonic processing space are needed increasingly.     

Study on the multifrequency Langevin ultrasonic transducer

Langevin ultrasonic transducers are widely used in high-power ultrasonics and underwater sound. In ultrasonic cleaning, a matching metal horn rather than a metal cylinder is used as the radiator in order to enhance the radiating surface and improve the acoustic matching between the transducer and the processed medium. To raise the effect of ultrasonic cleaning, the standing wave in the cleaning tank should be eliminated. One method to eliminate the standing wave in the tank is to use the multifrequency ultrasonic transducer. In this paper, the Langevin ultrasonic horn transducer, with two resonance frequencies, is studied. The transducer consists of two groups of piezoelectric ceramic elements: the back metal cylinder, the middle metal cylinder and the front matching metal horn. The vibrational modes of the transducer are analysed, and resonance frequency equations of the transducer in the half-wave and the all-wave vibrational modes are derived. According to the resonance frequency equations, transducers with two resonance frequencies are designed and made. The resonance frequencies, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficients and the equivalent electric impedances of the transducers are measured. It is shown that the measured resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the computed results, and the transducer can be excited to vibrate at two resonance frequencies, which correspond to the half-wave and the all-wave vibrational modes of the transducer.     

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。      

Investigations of the barbell ultrasonic transducer operated in the full-wave vibrational mode

In this paper, the resonance frequency equation and expression of displacement amplitude magnifications of a full-wave barber ultrasonic horn are obtained. By discussing the relationships between the displacement amplitude magnifications and the geometrical dimensions, the optimized design of the horn for the largest magnification is proposed, which is helpful to improve the radiation power and the transfer efficiency of the acoustic energy of the ultrasonic oscillatory system. Based on the optimized design of the horn, we introduced a barbell ultrasonic transducer operated in the longitudinal full-wave vibrational model and obtained the resonance frequency equations. For comparison, the resonance frequencies of the full-wave barbell horn and the full-wave barbell transducer are also analyzed by finite element method (FEM). It is shown that the values obtained by theoretical analysis and FEM are in good agreement with experimental observations. We hope that the research of this paper is helpful for the use of the barbell horn and transducer in the applications such as ultrasonic liquid processing.     

Development and analysis of a longitudinal and torsional type ultrasonic motor with two stators

In this paper, a new longitudinal and torsional type ultrasonic motor with two stators is presented and investigated. Normally, such a motor consists of one rotor and one stator, and two types of transducers that are longitudinal PZT and torsional PZT are used to generate the desired elliptical locus on the stator surface. The operating frequency is at the resonance frequency of torsional transducer. In order to enhance the efficiency of the motor, however, the resonance frequencies of both transducers should be closed to each other. For the purpose of matching the resonance frequencies, a symmetrical structure is adopted in design of the motor. Furthermore, two rings are added to the stators in order to adjust the resonance frequencies of these two transducers. A finite element model is developed and ANSYS software is used to analyze the resonance frequencies of longitudinal vibration and torsional vibration as well as optimize the motor geometry. According to the FE results, an experimental prototype is fabricated and the experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions.     

性能可调的纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆*

提出了一种基于压电效应的性能可调纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆,并对其振动性能进行了研究。该变幅杆由传统的圆锥形超声变幅杆和压电陶瓷材料组合而成。论文研究了圆锥变幅杆中压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置以及电阻抗的改变对变幅杆性能参数的影响,并进行了数值模拟仿真及实验验证。结果表明,通过改变压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置和电阻抗值,可以实现变幅杆共振频率和位移放大系数的改变。理论计算结果与数值模拟值和实验测试值符合得很好。