基于LabVIEW空间瞬态光信号处理技术

分析了待探测的瞬态光信号、背景光信号和高频干扰信号频率的特性,利用LabVIEW软件平台设计虚拟仪器，进行信号处理和分析.设计了数字滤波器，对采集到的信号进行数字滤波，对滤波后的目标信号进行谱估计，得到功率谱密度.试验结果表明，该方法设计简单，运行可靠，滤波效果显著.     

NQR炸药探测系统中射频线圈的设计研究

基于核四极矩共振(Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, NQR)炸药探测原理,对探测系统中拾取信号的关键部件射频线圈进行了优化设计,并确定了小型螺线管型线圈的直径、长度和匝数. 试验测试表明,此线圈射频场均匀性好、信噪比大、灵敏度高,可以快速准确探测到NQR信号,验证了线圈设计理论的有效性和制作方法的可行性. 该设计方法对提高隐藏炸药探测的准确率以及不同试验条件下射频线圈的设计具有重要意义.     

基于核四极矩共振原理的炸药探测方法研究与实验

介绍了一种基于核四极矩共振（Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, NQR）原理的炸药探测方法及其基本原理和其用于炸药探测的依据,提出了一种可行的基于核四极矩共振原理的炸药检测系统,描述了其结构组成、工作原理及实验方法,并给出了对黑索金（RDX）、梯恩梯（TNT）、奥克托今（HMX）、太恩（PETN）和特屈儿（TETRYL）炸药的测试实验结果. 实验表明该方法可行,能实现对以上炸药的探测.     

根据表面反射特性进行目标探测的波段选择

计算和分析了表面反射特性对选择波段进行目标探测的影响.通过引入正交子空间投影方法，将背景信号从接收到的混合光谱中消除，从而达到压缩背景信号的目的.并在此基础上运用匹配跟踪算法自动地进行优化波段的选择,达到选择最佳波段的目的，从而进行目标探测.在大气外实际目标的探测中，得到了进行大气外目标探测的波段选择与目标表面反射特性的关系.     

基于Hilbert变换的水下多源声信号频率的相干探测

为实现水下中低频声信号的探测识别,通过研究水下多声源相干探测信号的特征,理论上给出了相干探测信号频谱混叠情况下的特征表达式,并提出了一种基于Hilbert变换的信号解调处理方法,实现了水下多声源相干探测信号频谱混叠情况下各声源发声频率的解调.该方法将探测信号经过滤波平滑处理之后进行Hilbert变换,得到信号的解析形式,然后对解析信号模值的平方进行二次滤波平滑等处理,分离混叠在一起的频带,将得到的信号进行频谱分析,根据频移值计算得到水下各个声源的发声频率.在光学暗室下搭建激光相干探测系统,对2~6kHz的水下声信号进行实验,实验结果表明,该方法可以有效分离探测信号中混叠在一起的信号频带,并准确提取各水下声信号的发声频率,频率提取重复性不大于2.5Hz.     

光纤激光器阵列相干合成中的位相探测与校正方法研究

介绍一高速的位相检测与控制方法，可以对高功率光纤激光器阵列中每一路信号光波的位相进行实时探测与控制，从而使整个系统达到锁相输出的目的.以一路信号光为例，给出该方法的实验研究结果，从中可以看出，闭环控制的结果，可以将该信号光的位相稳定在一设定的静态工作点上. 关键词： 光纤激光器阵列 锁相 外差探测     

应用短时Fourier变换对尾流光学信号分析

为弥补声探测尾流的不足,利用激光的独特优势,采用激光探测舰船尾流的方法.根据光信号的随机特性,确定了信号的分析方法:短时Fourier变换.在信号的时-频分布图中,表征了信号频率随时间的变化关系.通过对气泡幕光学信号时-频图的分析,推测舰艇尾流的强弱.把这种探测手段应用于鱼雷自导,可提高鱼雷的作用距离、减小鱼雷半径,增强战斗力.     

伪随机编码超宽带短脉冲的探测能力研究

 为进行弱信号检测，研究在脉冲雷达中获得大信号时间宽度与信号带宽积的方法，利用伪随机编码方法调制超宽带短脉冲，可以在保持子脉冲信号带宽的情况下，以低功率发射长脉冲串类噪声信号，而提高信号的能量，提高探测距离。通过仿真实验得出，利用伪随机编码技术可以使超宽带信号具有更强的探测能力，可以在回波信号功率水平远远小于噪声水平（如信噪比5%）的情况下实现对探测目标的高保真成像。     

利用海浪噪声自相关实现散射体无源探测

提出了一种利用海浪噪声自相关实现散射体无源探测的新方法.将各接收器记录噪声信号的自相关减去所有接收器记录噪声信号自相关的平均值,得到散射信号的到达结构,然后结合基尔霍夫移位算法实现对散射体的探测.与利用背景噪声互相关提取格林函数从而实现散射体探测的方法不同,自相关无需考虑各个接收器之间的大量数据传输及时间同步问题,这为相距较远的多接收器和移动平台目标探测提供了极大的方便.将所提出的方法应用于实验数据中,最终探测结果与实际测量结果相比差别不大,验证了方法的有效性.     

信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比

以激光雷达回波信号的频谱特征为基础,提出了用信号延时叠加来提高激光雷达探测信噪比的方法.通过实验测量获取了大量激光雷达回波信号,并以此为基础,讨论了信号延时叠加提高激光雷达探测信噪比的可行性.结果表明:在系统带宽50 MHz、回波脉宽30 ns的条件下,通过信号延时叠加可提高激光雷达的探测信噪比在40%以上,且存在最佳的延时时间.     

拉曼光谱方法实现RDX药柱内部压力的无损检测

黑索金(RDX)是目前最为常用的军用炸药,随着新型战斗部的发展,异形的RDX药柱不断出现。为保证战斗部的作战效能,需要发展一种能够在线无损检测RDX药柱内部压力的方法。利用拉曼光谱测量表征RDX药柱的方法并结合第一性原理计算,确定了RDX的特征谱线,研究了拉曼特征谱线随外加压强的移动。在实验中分别测量了10,20和30MPa的样片,并通过15,25和35MPa的样片来验证拟合关系的偏差,发现RDX药柱的拉曼特征谱线的移动与外加压强的大小成很好的线性关系。这样就可以先在实验室标定RDX药柱拉曼特征谱线与外压强之间的线性关系,然后测量具有异形的RDX药柱的拉曼谱线,与标准样品的谱线比较得到谱线移动,根据标定得到的线性关系得到异形RDX药柱的内部压强,从而实现对黑索金内压的无损检测。实验表明该方法具有灵敏度高,一致性好的优点,目前该方法已经在某型战斗部的生产上进行试用。     

黑索金电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对黑索金晶体的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算. 结果表明: 黑索金是能隙值为3.43 eV的绝缘体, 价带主要由C, N和O的2s与2p态构成, 而导带主要由N-2p和O-2p态构成; 静态介电函数ε₁(0)=1.38, 介电常数的虚部有5个峰值, 其中最大峰值在光子能量4.59 eV处, 并对造成这些峰值的可能的电子跃迁做了详细分析. 利用能带结构和态密度分析了黑索金的光反射系数、吸收系数及能量损失函数等光学性质, 发现黑索金是对光吸收、反射及能量损失不敏感的材料. 关键词： 黑索金 第一性原理 电子结构 光学性质     

Nuclear quadrupole resonance of explosives: Simultaneous detection of RDX and PETN in semtex

We have used nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) for the detection of¹⁴N in explosives and introduce a new method for the simultaneous detection of the explosives cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). We have developed an interleaved pulse sequence, which provides efficient excitation of both RDX and PETN, to drive a solenoid coil that is doubly resonant at 3.41 and 0.89 MHz (suitable resonant frequencies of RDX and PETN, respectively). The excitation of RDX and PETN is carried out alternately within the pulse sequence via frequency hops in the spectrometer; no electronic switching is required to alternately returne the doubly resonant probe to the resonant frequency of each material. The signals from RDX and PETN, which are separated by about 2.52 MHz, are brought into the same audio window by mixing with a suitable intermediate frequency. We have tested the doubly resonant probe and interleaved pulse sequence on plastic formulations of RDX and PETN, on their own (PE-4 and Detasheet respectively) and as a mixture in Semtex.     

Calculation of the detonation velocity of porous water-containing RDX-based charges

A nomographic method for predicting the detonation velocity of a porous explosive mixture prepared from RDX powder and water is proposed. It is shown that, in contrast to the existing calculation methods for predicting the detonation velocity, the use of the proposed nomogram greatly simplifies the procedure and requires knowledge of only two parameters: the mass fraction of RDX and the density of the mixture in the charge. At the same time, the nomogram is a coordinate system that enables to place and to compare on one field experimental data obtained at different parameters of the charge. It is shown that RDX powder-water hand-prepared charges can have a detonation velocity of 6–8 km/s. The detonation velocity of cylindrical water-containing charges 10–36 mm in diameter and 120–1000 mm in length with RDX mass fractions of 0.6–1.0 is measured.     

RDX/AMMO推进剂的分子动力学

利用分子动力学方法研究了含能材料环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)、3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMMO)和RDX/AMMO推进剂. 结果表明AMMO与RDX(010)面分子之间相互作用最强,其次是(100)和(001)面．用相关函数g(r)描述了RDX和AMMO之间的相互作用．计算了RDX/AMMO推进剂的弹性系数、柯西压、泊松比 等性能．研究结果表明,AMMO的加入能够改善RDX的弹性力学性能,它们的相对改善效应为(100)>(010)>(001)．RDX/AMMO推进剂的能量性能显示,AMMO的加入降低了RDX的比冲,但其仍高于双基推进剂.     

RDX激光点火的一维气相模型

为了研究含能材料RDX在激光作用下的点火特性,在Liau等人的工作基础上,考虑了物理参数随温度和组分浓度的变化,建立了RDX激光点火的气相模型.利用有限差分方法,计算了激光功率密度为400 W/cm2、环境压力为0.1 MPa时RDX的点火过程.结果表明:约90%的RDX以蒸发的形式进入气相,另外的10%在液相中发生分...     

旋转筒内黑索今和铝颗粒混合与分离的计算机模拟

采用分子动力学方法对旋转圆筒内黑索今和铝二元颗粒体系进行模拟.模拟结果表明,混合均匀度与填料方式无关.当圆筒壁无挡板时,圆筒的旋转可以使黑索今和铝颗粒发生相分离现象,当有挡板时,可以增加混合效应.另外,对上述混合与分离现象给予了一定的理论解释.     

爆炸磁压缩发生器爆炸管运动研究

 报导了对爆炸磁压缩发生器(MFCG)的爆炸管进行的爆轰试验结果。用电子学方法测试了爆炸管采用的粉状RDX炸药的爆轰速度;采用高速分幅摄影方法,观测了爆炸管在管内RDX炸药爆轰产物驱动下的膨胀运动过程,测试了膨胀角、对称性和膨胀速度。试验表明,爆炸管在膨胀至 3倍初始半径内未发现破裂现象,其性能满足MFCG的设计要求。     

Detonation of explosive Proppant: RDX-containing water-saturated sand

The results of experimental investigations and thermodynamic calculations of the detonation of explosive proppant, an RDX-containing water-saturating sand, are reported. The material studied is of interest for use as an explosive additive to propping material injected into hydraulic fractures of oil-bearing beds. The tests were conducted in duralumin casings with cylindrical or planar inner channels. The dependences of the detonation velocity on the RDX content in the mixture in the range of 14 to 74 wt %, RDX and sand particle size, and initial temperature are examined. The critical detonation diameter of the charge decreases with increasing content RDX in the mixture, being only several millimeters at RDX contents of 30 wt % and above. Polydisperse RDX provides a high detonability of such mixtures; use of narrow particle size RDX fractions, especially coarse (0.4–0.7 mm), significantly increases the critical detonation diameter. As the initial temperature of the mixture is increased from 20 to 90°C, the critical detonation width decreases severalfold. The detonation of mixtures in a convergent planar channel occurs at a constant rate, which differs little from the detonation velocity measured in a cylindrical channel. Reaching the place where the opening of the channel is less than the critical width, detonation fails abruptly. Thermodynamic calculations of the detonation characteristics of the explosive proppant are performed using the BKWS equation of state under the assumption that the sand component behaves as an inert additive, being in mechanical equilibrium with the detonation products of the RDX-water mixture. A satisfactory agreement with the experimental data on the detonation velocity and its dependence on the RDX content is demonstrated. This makes it possible to conclude that RDX mixed with water-saturated sand detonates within a narrow reaction zone without significant convective heat transfer to the inert additive.     

A detailed chemical kinetic model for gas phase combustion of TNT

A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for gas phase combustion of 2,4,6-tri-nitrotoluene (TNT) has been developed to explore problems of explosive performance and of soot formation during the destruction of munitions. Thermodynamic properties of intermediate and radical species are estimated by group additivity. Reactions for the decomposition and oxidation of TNT and its intermediate products are assembled, based on information from the literature and from analogous reactions where the rate constants are available. The resulting detailed reaction mechanism for TNT is added to existing reaction mechanisms for RDX and for hydrocarbons which can be produced from TNT and RDX. Properties of the reaction mechanism are demonstrated by examining problems of soot formation during open burning of TNT and mixtures of TNT and RDX. Computed results show how addition of oxygen to TNT can reduce the amounts of soot formed in its combustion and why RDX and most mixtures of RDX and TNT do not produce soot during their combustion or incineration.