Effects of a carbon convection field on large diamond growth under high-pressure high-temperature conditions

Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by a FeNi-C system using the temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growth process of diamond was investigated. Effects of the symmetry of the carbon convection field around the growing diamond crystal were investigated systematically by adjusting the position of the seed crystal in the melted catalyst/solvent. The results indicate that the morphologies and metal inclusion distributions of the synthetic diamond crystals vary obviously in both symmetric and non-symmetric carbon convection fields with temperature. Moreover, the finite element method was applied to analyze the carbon convection mode of the melted catalyst/solvent around the diamond crystal. This work is helpful for understanding the growth mechanism of diamond.     

国产六面顶压机多晶种法合成宝石级金刚石单晶

对国产六面顶压机平台下使用多晶种法合成宝石级金刚石单晶进行了系统的研究. 通过合理调整温度梯度法的合成腔体组装, 采用多晶种法, 探索多晶种法金刚石合成的压力和温度区间, 在单个合成腔体内放置3–5颗金刚石晶种, 成功合成出多颗(3–5)优质Ib型宝石级金刚石单晶. 多颗晶种的引入, 单次实验合成的多个金刚石晶体晶形及品质一致; 同时, 晶体的整体生长速度也有明显的增大. 多晶种法金刚石单晶合成的研究, 可以有效地利用腔体空间、提高单次金刚石单晶合成的效率, 解决压机大型化下高温高压资源利用率低的问题; 同时, 为宝石级金刚石单晶商业化生产提供重要的依据. 关键词： 金刚石 国产六面顶 多晶种 温度梯度法     

Effects of carbon convection field on large diamond growth under high-pressure high-temperature conditions

Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by FeNi-C system using temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growth process of diamond was investigated. Effects of the symmetry of carbon convection field around the growing diamond crystal were investigated systematically by adjusting the position of seed crystal in the melted catalyst/solvent. The results indicate that morphologies and metal inclusion distributions of the synthetic diamond crystals vary obviously in both symmetric and non-symmetric carbon convection fields with temperature. Moreover, finite element method was applied to analyze carbon convection mode of the melted catalyst/solvent around the diamond crystal. This work is helpful for understanding the growth mechanism of diamond.     

Synthesis and characterization of p-type boron-doped IIb diamond large single crystals

High-quality p-type boron-doped IIb diamond large single crystals are successfully synthesized by the temperature gradient method in a china-type cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus at about 5.5 GPa and 1600 K.The morphologies and surface textures of the synthetic diamond crystals with different boron additive quantities are characterized by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope respectively.The impurities of nitrogen and boron in diamonds are detected by micro Fourier transform infrared technique.The electrical properties including resistivities,Hall coefficients,Hall mobilities and carrier densities of the synthesized samples are measured by a four-point probe and the Hall effect method.The results show that large p-type boron-doped diamond single crystals with few nitrogen impurities have been synthesized.With the increase of quantity of additive boron,some high-index crystal faces such as {113} gradually disappear,and some stripes and triangle pits occur on the crystal surface.This work is helpful for the further research and application of boron-doped semiconductor diamond.     

HPHT Synthesis of Different Shape Coarse-Grain Diamond Single Crystals

Synthesis of coarse-grain diamond crystals is studied in a China-type SPD6× 1670T cubic high-pressure apparatus with high exact control system. To synthesize high quality coarse-grain diamond crystals, advanced indirect heat assembly, powder catalyst technology and optimized synthesis craft are used. At last, three kinds of coarse- grain diamond （about 0.85 mm） single crystals with hexahedron, hex-octahedron and octahedron are synthesized successfully under HPHT （about 5.4 GPa, 1300-1450℃）. The growth characters of different shape crystals are discussed. The results and techniques might be useful for the production of coarse-grain diamonds.     

热电材料PbTe1-xSex的高压制备及电学性能研究

 利用高温高压技术,制备了热电材料PbTe和PbSe的固溶体合金PbTe_1-xSe_x,在室温下对其结构及电学性质进行了研究。X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明：PbTe_1-xSe_x具有NaCl结构;晶格常数随着Se含量（x）的增加而减小;PbTe_1-xSe_x的电阻率和Seebeck系数的绝对值随x的增大而减小;功率因子随x的增大先增大而后减小,当x=0.1时功率因子最高,达到21.7 μW/(cm·K²),比相同条件下制备的PbTe高20%。     

多普勒频移和干涉谱联合的水声目标运动参数估计

常见水中运动目标会辐射连续谱噪声和线谱噪声,连续谱噪声在浅海波导环境中形成明暗相间的干涉条纹。根据干涉条纹可以得到目标最近距离与速度的比值,无法直接解出两个参数值。针对利用干涉条纹无法分别估计最近距离与速度问题,提出一种多普勒频移、干涉条纹结合的运动参数估计方法。根据单条线谱多普勒频移得到最近距离与速度参数耦合曲线,再将该曲线与干涉条纹得到参数比值线相交,交点即为两参数估计结果。数值仿真估计声源运动速度、最近距离,在信噪比6 dB条件下,平均估计误差分别为0.71%与0.87%。将该方法应用在2021年6月大公岛海域海试数据,5组实验数据估计目标运动速度、最近距离平均误差分别为2.5%,4.4%,证明了方法的有效性。     

Effect of Carbon Source with Different Graphitization Degrees on the Synthesis of Diamond

Using three kinds of graphites with different graphitization degrees as carbon source and Fe-Ni alloy powder as catalyst, the synthesis of diamond crystals is performed in a cubic anvil high-pressure and high-temperature apparatus （SPD-6 × 1200）. Diamond crystals with perfect hexoctahedron shape are successfully synthesized at pressure from 5.0 to 5.5GPa and at temperature from 1570 to 1770K. The synthetic conditions, nucleation, morphology, inclusion and granularity of diamond crystals are studied. The temperature and pressure increase with the increase of the graphitization degree of graphite. The quantity of nucleation and granularity ofdiamonds decreases with the increase of graphitization degree of graphite under the same synthesis conditions. Moreover, according to the results of the M6ssbauer spectrum, the composition of inclusions is mainly Fe3 C and Fe-Ni alloy phases in diamond crystals synthesized with three kinds of graphites.     

利用海浪噪声自相关实现散射体无源探测

提出了一种利用海浪噪声自相关实现散射体无源探测的新方法.将各接收器记录噪声信号的自相关减去所有接收器记录噪声信号自相关的平均值,得到散射信号的到达结构,然后结合基尔霍夫移位算法实现对散射体的探测.与利用背景噪声互相关提取格林函数从而实现散射体探测的方法不同,自相关无需考虑各个接收器之间的大量数据传输及时间同步问题,这为相距较远的多接收器和移动平台目标探测提供了极大的方便.将所提出的方法应用于实验数据中,最终探测结果与实际测量结果相比差别不大,验证了方法的有效性.     

利用环境噪声进行安静目标探测*

该文回顾了近年来该课题组利用环境噪声互相关方法和环境噪声自相关方法进行安静目标探测的主要工作。首先简单回顾了利用环境噪声互相关方法和环境噪声自相关方法进行安静目标探测的理论,然后介绍了两次利用海浪噪声进行安静目标探测的实验。通过海浪噪声实验验证了利用环境噪声互相关和自相关进行安静目标探测的可行性。最后对利用环境噪声互相关进行安静目标探测所需要的累积时间进行了讨论,并给出了累积时间的下界。