用条纹相机测量BEPC的束团长度

在北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)中,正负电子束团的长度及其拉伸是束流性能重要指标之一,它直接影响到物理实验的效率,对BEPC的改进和性能进一步提高也起着关键的作用.由于用条纹相机测束团长度,具有精度高,且直观的特点,因此,近年来条纹相机在加速器束团测量领域得到了广泛的应用.本文将介绍用条纹相机测量BEPC储存环束团长度的原理、方法、系统配置、误差分析及一些典型的测量结果.     

多束团不稳定性的模拟研究

利用模拟的方法研究了多束团不稳定性.SCBI程序(SIMULATION OF COUPLED-BUNCH INSTABILITIES)是一个用来模拟研究储存环上高频腔、真空盒内壁及其它腔形结构元件的长程尾场和中程尾场激发的多束团不稳定性的综合程序.在束团均匀分布情形下,比较了SCBI程序与ZAP程序的结果,两者非常一致.同时,利用SCBI程序对北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)多束团改进方案(BEPCⅡ)的多束团不稳定性进行了详细的研究.     

BEPCⅡ横向束流反馈系统样机在BEPC上的实验

为了抑制BEPCⅡ产生的耦合束团不稳定性, 提高储存环中的流强, 研制了一套逐束团横向束流反馈系统的样机并在BEPC上做了实验, 得到了理想的结果. 当束团不稳定时, 频谱仪上可以观察到横向边带, 此时将反馈系统闭环工作于阻尼状态时, 横向边带立即消失. 本文介绍了样机系统的组成、各部分的功能和实验结果.     

BEPCⅡ中电子云不稳定性模拟研究

正电子储存环在多束团运行时有可能发生电子云不稳定性(ECI)?.本文针对北京正负电子对撞机二期工程(BEPCⅡ)的具体条件,编写发展了模拟计算程序,以不同电子云密度抑制措施下的计算结果为基础,研究了耦合束团不稳定性和单束团不稳定性,给出了电子云不稳定性增长率和阈值密度以及色品对束团尺寸增长的抑制作用,为储存环中电子云不稳定性的前沿科学研究和BEPCⅡ工程设计提供了有意义的结果.     

远程束–束作用的研究

已有的和建造中的对撞机的运行常常被束–束相互作用引起的非线性效果所限制,特别是大流强的束流,如正在研究中的BEPC多束团对撞方案(以下简称BEPCⅡ).BEPCⅡ上的束–束相互作用非常复杂,束团除了在南对撞点正撞外,还在环上其余11个位置有远程相互作用.本文计算了远程束–束相互作用的频移和频散.     

BEPC中电子云导致的束团横向尺寸增长研究

多束团正电子储存环中可能发生电子云不稳定性. 由于电子云导致的束团横向尺寸增长已经成为提高对撞机对撞亮度的主要限制因素之一. 介绍了在BEPC储存环中, 利用条纹相机直接测量由于电子云导致的束团横向尺寸增长结果, 并与模拟计算进行了比较.     

BEPC中的电子云不稳定性研究

多束团正电子储存环中可能发生电子云不稳定性(ECI). 自1996年起, 在北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)上开展了与这种束流不稳定性相关的系列研究. 文章扼要介绍在BEPC上进行的电子云不稳定性研究, 包括实验观测和模拟计算, 并讨论可能的抑制措施.     

北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)束团长度的测量

讨论了利用J/ψ粒子次级产物中带电粒子顶点测量对撞机束团长度的方法,并给出北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)对撞点处的束团长度.     

BEPC横向阻尼时间的测量

 利用逐束团测量系统在BEPC储存环中跟踪单个束团得到其多圈位置振荡信息，获得BEPC储存环的横向阻尼时间与束流流强、色品、八极子和束流能量的关系，并通过分析得到了BEPC储存环辐射阻尼时间为52 ms。实验结果表明：流强越高、色品越大，阻尼率也就越大；束流流强为4.7 mA时八极子强度的变化对阻尼率没有影响；束流流强为5 mA时，阻尼率随束流能量升高而减小。     

BEPCⅡ控制系统

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程BEPCⅡ于2001年启动. BEPCⅡ采用双环交叉角对撞方案,使用微包络函数(micro-β)和多束团对撞以提高亮度. 先进的低温超导技术将用于对撞机的设计中. BEPCⅡ控制系统采用分布式体系结构和系统集成工具EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)进行开发. 控制系统的设计采用了国际先进技术. 目前系统正在建造之中, 主要系统完成了软硬件开发和实验室调试, 于2006年3月进入现场安装.预计BEPCⅡ储存环2006年10月可以开始带束流调试. 本文将介绍BEPCⅡ控制系统及其进展.     

Optimization of rhodamine 123 adsorbed onto graphene oxide for tracing therapeutics processes

The interaction between rhodamine 123 and graphene oxide in aqueous dispersion was examined by spectroscopic techniques. The quenching mechanism of rhodamine 123 adsorbed onto graphene oxide was static quenching. Rhodamine 123 and graphene oxide may form as a compound in the aqueous solution via π–π and electrostatic interactions. The fluorescence signal of rhodamine 123 adsorbed onto graphene oxide was changed in different pH solutions and culture mediums. The fluorescence signal of rhodamine 123 on graphene oxide was increased in the presence of 5% fetal bovine serum, but the increments kept constant between 5 and 25%. The concentration of cellular total protein may seriously affect the accuracy of the method. The fluorescence signal of cells incubated with graphene oxide was decreased in comparison with the one incubated in rhodamine 123 only. The method for observing cellular uptake and therapeutics releasing process could be recorded by fluorescence microscopy in the recommended condition.     

Vapour and plasma ignition thresholds for visible pulsed-laser ablation of metallic targets

The coupling of visible nanosecond laser pulses to metallic targets irradiated in vacuum is studied. The expressions of the vapour and plasma ignition times are obtained. Two cases for vapour breakdown in the plasma ignition process are considered. The first case is that 40 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time before plasma formation as assumed in the literature. The second case is that 10 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. Molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb) and aluminium (Al) targets are considered for illustrations of our results. The expression of the plasma ignition time for the Al target is substantially different from that reported in the literature. The vapour and plasma ignition threshold laser intensities are calculated and compared with those reported in the literature. Reasons for disagreement are discussed. The plasma ignition threshold estimated in the second case is noted to be in good agreement with the reported experimental result.     

纤维悬浮湍流的方程和解及其在管流中的应用

推导了纤维悬浮流的平均运动方程和纤维平均取向角的概率密度函数方程，提出了计算纤维平均取向角分布和悬浮流平均量与脉动量关联函数的逐级迭代方法。将推导的方程和提出的方法用于纤维悬浮管流场的计算并进行了相应的实验，计算和实验结果吻合很好。研究结果表明，在相同的压力降下，与没有纤维的牛顿流相比，纤维悬浮流具有较大的流量，因而纤维在流场中起着减阻的作用，减阻的量随着纤维浓度的增加而增大。在相同情况下，纤维悬浮流的相对湍流强度和雷诺应力比牛顿流小，这说明纤维能够抑制湍流，抑制的量与纤维的质量浓度成正比。     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u 12C6+ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of different electron beam profiles,and the different angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The diffusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.     

Japanese cedar pollinosis: Discovery,nomenclature, and epidemiological trends

The history of pollinosis in Japan before the discovery of Japanese cedar pollinosis was presented in part I in this paper. Until early 1960s, it was believed that there was no pollinosis in Japan except one case of ragweed pollinosis.The summary of how the Japanese cedar pollinosis was discovered and named was presented in part II, by referring to the paper in which we reported the presence of Japanese cedar pollinosis for the first time.The epidemiology after the discovery of Japanese cedar pollinosis was presented in part III. The number of the patients suffering from Japanese cedar pollinosis gradually increased since the 1970s. The annual incidence rate of the pollinosis had correlations with the dispersed pollen count per year. The prevalence rate of the patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis increased from 16.2% in 1998 to 26.5% in 2008 by the nationwide survey. The prevalence rate of the patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis in Tokyo metropolitan area was 10% from 1983 to 1987, 19.4% in 1996, and 28.2% in 2006.The prospects of current research and future studies were discussed in parts IV and V.     

GaAs1×4Mach－Zehnder型光开关列阵研究

采用非对称Ｘ结耦合器设计并研制了ＧａＡｓ１×４Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｈｎｄｅｒ型光开关列阵。简述了非对称Ｘ结和相应的光开关列阵的工作原理及器件的设计和制作过程。在波长为１．１５μｍ的光波下测量单元器件，得到了小于－２０ｄＢ的串音和小于１２Ｖ的开关电压，器件的光波导传输损耗约为７ｄＢ／ｃｍ。文中最后分析了导致器件中串音和损耗的各因素，并提出了可能的改进方法     

PMD分析中的PMF级联模型研究

PMF级联模型是进行PMD研究广泛采用的模型.从PMD矢量在Stokes空间的运动入手,推导出了PMF级联模型的DGD的统计分布并给出了整体特性与局部特性之间的关系,所得结果用JME法验证是正确的.最后通过误差分析,提出了该模型的级联段数的选取原则.所得结论可为PMD的仿真提供理论依据.     

复合高铁酸盐在水溶液中稳定性的研究

用分光光度法和循环伏安法研究了复合高铁酸盐在水溶液中的稳定性,考察了静置时间、环境温度和助剂A对复合高铁酸盐稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,通过在复合高铁酸盐溶液中添加稳定助剂A,或降低高铁的储存温度,均可有效抑制复合高铁酸盐在水溶液中的分解速率,延长其储存周期,不同程度的改善其稳定性能;高铁在水溶液中的分解速率随着放置时间的增加而增加,随着助剂A加入量的增加而降低;高铁在水溶液中的循环伏安行为呈现一个单向的不可逆还原过程,其还原电流随着高铁放置时间的增加、溶液中FeO_4~(2-)有效浓度的降低而递减。     

超声波专题实验开展及其传播特性研究

开设了超声波专题设计综合实验,测量得空气、水和白油中超声波传播速度,研究了同一介质中接收到的交变电压随传播距离的变化规律,空气、水和白油中超声波的损耗系数,水中超声波的损耗系数最大。使用Origin软件直线拟合,对实验结果进行分析和评价。     

Modeling and Analysis of Anomalies in the Network Infrastructure Based on the Potts Model

The paper discusses issues concerning the occurrence of anomalies affecting the process of phase transitions. The considered issue was examined from the perspective of phase transitions in network structures, particularly in IT networks, Internet of Things and Internet of Everything. The basis for the research was the Potts model in the context of IT networks. The author proposed the classification of anomalies in relation to the states of particular nodes in the network structure. Considered anomalies included homogeneous, heterogeneous, individual and cyclic disorders. The results of tests and simulations clearly showed the impact of anomalies on the phase transitions in the network structures. The obtained results can be applied in modelling the processes occurring in network structures, particularly in IT networks.