高压比离心压气机S_2流面跨音计算

一、前言 近年来在直升机及小型地面动力装置中广泛地采用了高压比离心压气机,因其在较高效率下可达到很高的级压比.但随着压比的提高,叶轮线速度增加,导风轮出现跨声流动.早期为了避免跨声导风轮设计困难,往往在设计时控制进口叶尖M数不大于1.目前已出现了一些叶尖M数在1.2左右,级压比在8以上的离心压气机.     

叶顶间隙对离心压气机性能影响的研究

叶顶间隙的研究长期以来一直是叶轮机械研究和设计的热点和难点。本文采用CFD软件研究了进口叶尖相对马赫数分别为0．9、1．15、1．3时,有、无间隙的离心叶轮的气动性能,比较了压比、效率及流量的差别。并分析了用于 100 kW微型燃气轮机的高压比、高转速离心压气机在三种不同尺寸叶顶间隙下的性能,讨论了间隙影响的原因。数值模拟结果表明,叶顶间隙在一定范围内时,间隙主要减弱叶轮的升压能力,基本不影响效率和阻塞流量。     

高压比的斜流叶轮与扩压器匹配设计方法的改进

针对高压比的斜流压气机设计过于依靠叶轮的性能,容易出现较为严重的扩压器与叶轮的匹配问题,改进了斜流压气机的叶轮扩压器匹配设计方法.把叶轮及叶轮出口的无叶扩压器段作为一个整体,将单一的叶轮出口设计扩展为叶轮出口加出口无叶掺混段设计,将掺混过程用一个连续的过程描述,来提高一维设计方法的匹配设计能力.用该方法完成某单级斜流压气机的气动设计,级性能满足设计要求,表明改进后的匹配设计方法可用于高压比的斜流压气机设计.     

高比转速离心压气机叶轮的设计及其三维流场分析

利用三维数值模拟计算(CFD)技术进行了100 kW微型燃气轮机的高比转速离心压气机叶轮的设计与内部流动的数值模拟与分析,得到了相应的特性曲线与主要气动参数分布。根据数值模拟分析,设计的100 kW微型燃气轮机高比转速离心压气机叶轮具有较高的效率和较宽广且平坦的工作特性,可以满足微燃机总体设计对压气机的要求。流道内存在复杂的跨音速流动现象。在下一步工作中,有必要优化设计叶轮几何型线,提高压气机效率。     

无叶扩压段型线对离心压气机性能的影响

本文设计了无叶扩压段轮盖侧型线,并采用CFD软件数值模拟了采用两种不同轮盖侧型线结构的离心压气机级．分析了无叶扩压段内部的流动结构和熵的分布．计算结果说明无叶扩压段轮盖侧型线对上游叶轮、下游叶片扩压器以及离心压气机级性能有较大影响．     

带有动力涡轮的双轴原理型燃气轮机的研制

描述了一种小型双轴原理型燃气轮机的研制过程。采用离心压气机,向心涡轮,单管燃烧室组成燃气发生器,电机通过齿轮箱由动力涡轮带动。简要介绍了一些主要部件的设计方法,给出了滑油系统和燃油系统原理图。对在研制和实验过程中所遇到的主要问题及其解决方法进行了介绍。经过多次实验表明文中给出的小型双轴原理型燃气轮机能够发出10kW电力,它可用来作为坦克燃气轮机主动力的模拟装置和一些车辆的辅机电站使用。     

五级轴流压气机气动设计数值研究

针对某中档功率燃气轮机压气机部件气动性能需求,开展了五级轴流低压压气机气动设计技术数值研究。围绕提高效率和扩大喘振裕度两个根本问题,在气动设计的一维设计、S2通流设计、叶片造型等各个环节进行了参数筛选与性能优化,并通过Numeca软件和Denton程序全三维数值模拟性能确认,设计点气动性能满足并超过了指标要求。为了满足低速运行压气机喘振裕度要求,一维经验统计数值预测前面级导叶调节所能带来的喘振裕度拓展区间,并研究了几级联调的调节规律,以指导五级轴流压气机气动性能试验。本文研究提供了满足性能指标要求的全新五级轴流压气机气动设计,获得的扩喘导叶调节规律可供相似多级轴流压气机导叶联调参考。     

离心压气机楔形扩压器设计及改进方法研究

本文针对一总压比为11,质量流量为2.98kg/s的单级离心压气机进行了设计.其中扩压器为楔形扩压器,蜗壳为圆截面对称结构。通过数值计算得到其性能曲线和流场分布,探究了楔形扩压器进口安装角对压气机性能的影响,并对其叶型进行改进设计,最后为其匹配蜗壳得到整级的性能曲线.结果表明采用较大的正冲角、曲线轮廓楔形扩压器性能较高,改进完成后整级等熵效率为81.04%,压比为12.73.     

高比转速离心压气机模型级叶轮内部三维流场分析与改进

利用三维数值模拟计算(CFD)技术和模型级与国外某 75 kW 燃气轮机压气机叶轮的内部流场进行了数值模拟,得到了相应的特性曲线与主要气动参数分布。完成的初步流场分析表明,尽管模型级有较高的效率和较宽广且平坦的工作特性,但叶轮设计仍有较多可改进之处。通过对计算结果进行的分析比较,得到了在离心压气机叶轮设计中有价值的初步性结果,为进一步的设计提供了改进途径和相应的基础数据。75 kW 燃气轮机的进气道型线经过优化改进后,总压恢复系数提高了 7.5％,并有进一步改进的余地。     

扩压形式对离心压气机性能影响

对采用无叶扩压器、叶片扩压器以及串列叶片扩压器的车用增压器离心压气机内部流动进行了数值分析,研究了不同扩压形式对压气机性能的影响。结果表明,低稠度叶片式扩压器在设计工况点附近可以有效提高压气机效率;串列式叶片扩压器则可以改善叶片扩压器流量范围减小的问题。在小流量工况下,气流角与设计工况不同,攻角增大,使得流动分离加剧,损失变大。通过调节叶片安装角可以减小气流攻角,改善压气机性能。基于本文研究结果,可以为全可调离心压气机的设计和调节策略的研究提供理论依据。     

单级压缩或双级压缩制冷的技术经济分析

通过理论计算,比较了典型制冷循环单级或双级压缩的特性。同时,从工程实用的角度,对采用单级压缩还是双级压缩两种方案进行技术经济分析。结果表明:在压缩比小于8的工况下,与单级压缩制冷比较,采用双级压缩时理论制冷系数提高4.16%~7.08%。在冷凝温度35℃,蒸发温度-15℃工况下,采用双级压缩实际节能率达到18.4%。在压缩比大于8的工况下,采用双级压缩时理论制冷系数比单级提高了9.01%~10.85%,排气温度可降低33℃~44℃,实际运行的节能率可达37.7%。因此,在低压缩比下采用双级压缩的方案值得大力推广。     

基于贝叶斯网络的认知引擎设计与重配置

以往的通信行为指导系统未来通信, 以满足用户需求并适应环境变化, 是认知无线电系统的核心所在, 为此提出了一种基于贝叶斯网络的认知引擎, 用于解决在复杂多变的电磁环境与用户需求条件下, 认知无线电系统参数自适应调整的问题. 通过对系统过去通信行为样本数据, 进行结构学习和参数学习建立认知引擎, 将系统当前环境状态和用户需求信息经预处理作为推理的证据, 应用引擎决策出系统此时最佳的工作参数, 完成系统参数重构. 本文利用OPNET工具建立一个移动无线网络完成仿真实验, 仿真结果表明该认知引擎能有效地使移动无线网络适应环境变化, 改善端到端通信性能, 进一步验证了建模方法的可行性.     

气动分置式斯特林制冷机间隙密封优化

气体泄漏及间隙传热会导致制冷机性能恶化,因此间隙密封技术是气动分置式斯特林制冷机的一项关键技术。对三种不同间隙密封结构展开研究,搭建Sage模型分析结构参数对制冷机性能的影响,模拟结果显示:间隙高度H不仅影响泄漏率,还与穿梭损失及泵气损失相关;双段式间隙密封的密封1长度比例越大,制冷量越大。当长度比例及密封1、间隙1高度分别为0.7-0.3,10μm,500μm时,双段式间隙密封结构性能达到最优。与单段式间隙密封相比,双段式间隙密封结构的制冷量与COP提高9%和21%;与三段式间隙密封相比,双段式间隙密封结构简单,加工方便,因此在设计膨胀气缸与活塞间隙密封时,优选该结构作为斯特林制冷机密封结构。     

Performance characteristics of an energy selective electron refrigerator with double resonances

This paper establishes the energy selective electron (ESE) engine with double resonances as a refrigerator in one dimensional (1D) system. It consists of two infinitely large electron reservoirs with different temperatures and chemical potentials, and they are perfectly thermally insulated from each other and interaction only via a double `idealized energy filter' whose widths are all finite. Taking advantage of the density of state and Fermi distribution in the 1D system, the heat flux into each reservoir may then be calculated. Moreover, the coefficient of performance may be derived from the expressions for the heat flux into the hot and cold reservoirs. The performance characteristic curves are plotted by numerical analysis. The influences of the resonances widths, the energy position of resonance and the space of two resonances on performance of the ESE refrigerator are discussed. The results obtained here have theoretical significance for the understanding of thermodynamic performance of the micro--nano devices.     

Ecological optimization of an irreversible harmonic oscillators Carnot heat engine

A model of an irreversible quantum Carnot heat engine with heat resistance, internal irreversibility and heat leakage and many non-interacting harmonic oscillators is established in this paper. Based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach, equations of some important performance parameters, such as power output, efficiency, exergy loss rate and ecological function for the irreversible quantum Carnot heat engine are derived. The optimal ecological performance of the heat engine in the classical limit is analyzed with numerical examples. Effects of internal irreversibility and heat leakage on the ecological performance are discussed. A performance comparison of the quantum heat engine under maximum ecological function and maximum power conditions is also performed.     

单级G-M150制冷机性能实验研究

为满足高温超导和低温气体处理系统等工程应用项目的大冷量需求,单级大冷量G-M制冷机成为目前国内外的研究热点。文章中描述了以G-M150为基础的制冷机综合性能测试方法及实验平台,并对其制冷温度和制冷量两个主要性能的影响因素进行实验研究,为探讨20K单级大冷量G-M制冷机的研究提供参考。     

Multi-location laser ignition using a spatial light modulator towards improving automotive gasoline engine performance

We report on a study into multi-location laser ignition (LI) with a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), to improve the performance of a single cylinder automotive gasoline engine. Three questions are addressed: i/ How to deliver a multi-beam diffracted pattern into an engine cylinder, through a small opening, while avoiding clipping? ii/ How much incident energy can a SLM handle (optical damage threshold) and how many simultaneous beam foci could thus be created? ; iii/ Would the multi-location sparks created be sufficiently intense and stable to ignite an engine and, if so, what would be their effect on engine performance compared to single-location LI? Answers to these questions were determined as follows. Multi-beam diffracted patterns were created by applying computer generated holograms (CGHs) to the SLM. An optical system for the SLM was developed via modelling in ZEMAX, to cleanly deliver the multi-beam patterns into the combustion chamber without clipping. Optical damage experiments were carried out on Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) samples provided by the SLM manufacturer and the maximum safe pulse energy to avoid SLM damage found to be 60 mJ. Working within this limit, analysis of the multi-location laser induced sparks showed that diffracting into three identical beams gave slightly insufficient energy to guarantee 100% sparking, so subsequent engine experiments used 2 equal energy beams laterally spaced by 4 mm. The results showed that dual-location LI gave more stable combustion and higher engine power output than single-location LI, for increasingly lean air-fuel mixtures. The paper concludes by a discussion of how these results may be exploited.     

两级串联声光可调谐滤波器旁瓣抑制的研究

阐述了偏振依赖的共线型和偏振无关的准共线型声光可调谐滤波器的滤波原理,进而导出了两级滤波的转换特性表达式;通过理论计算说明了两级声光可调谐滤波器能够有效地抑制旁瓣;最后,将两个单级的声光可调谐滤波器级联成两级滤波器,进行了旁瓣抑制的实验.实验结果表明,旁瓣被抑制到-19 dB,并且3 dB带宽也得到一定程度的压窄. 关键词： 集成光学 声光可调谐滤波器 旁瓣抑制     

机油中痕量磨损金属元素的间接烧蚀LIBS探测研究

机油在发动机的运转过程中具有非常重要的作用。发动机的运转,会使机油的成分和元素含量发生变化,导致机油变质,进而加剧发动机的磨损,探寻一种快速有效的机油性能检测手段,则是防止发生事故的重要前提。间接烧蚀激光诱导击穿光谱技术(IA-LIBS)是针对机油样品提出的一种全新检测方法,其核心是基于金属基底产生的高温等离子体间接烧蚀样品,在保持了LIBS基本特点的基础上,提高了样品检测灵敏度和稳定性。在前期研究基础上,以机油中Mg、Fe和Ni为目标元素,分析了不同类型机油中的基体效应对其定量分析结果的影响,表明不同油种之间的基体效应对目标元素的定标曲线影响甚小,可忽略;同时建立了目标分析元素的综合定标曲线,拟合线性系数达到了0.99以上。通过对现场机油中添加的已知浓度的目标元素的检测,IA-LIBS分析结果与实际值吻合较好,准确度均低于5%。该研究完善了IA-LIBS的方法研究,为以后评价机油的性能提供了依据,对于诊断发动机的磨损状况具有重要的科学意义。     

Measurement of the effect on brake performance of the intake and exhaust system components in a motorbike high speed racing engine

The paper presents a series of brake performance measurements for a high speed Road Racing Supersport motorbike engine. A modular approach consisting in a progressive assembling of each component belonging to the intake and exhaust systems is used to investigate the influence of these components on volumetric efficiency through brake torque chassis dynamometer tests. In spite of the design effort that is usually made to keep the cylinder air intake independent of each other in this kind of engines, results showed a considerable acoustic coupling between the intake primary manifolds and the upstream components. Moreover, a good correspondence is found about intake and exhaust tuning regimes between experimental results and analytical relationships proposed in the literature. The presented results can also be interpreted as representative for the overall very high speed engines category (including MotoGP and F1 ones), being the air-breathing system layout mostly independent of engine technological level within this category.