链烷含氧衍生物的沸点和分子参数的QSPR研究

近年来分子的物理化学性质与其结构之间的相关性是热门研究领域之一,其中拓扑指数方法越来越受到重视并获得广泛应用. 本文用分子参数,即主原子数(N)、主链主原子数(N')、相对电负性(Xr)和取代参量(P)建立了一个定量预测链烷含氧衍生物沸点的数学模型.337个化合物计算值与相应的文献值都非常吻合,相关系数均大于0.9950,平均绝对误差小于3 ℃,平均相对误差小于1.5 %. 计算结果表明分子参数法的物理意义明确、操作简单,是进行定量构效相关(QSPR)研究的一种简便可行的方法.     

用分子参数预测烷烃衍生物的标准生成焓

利用分子参数,即主原子数(N)、主链碳原子数(N')、相对电负性(Xr)、取代参量(P)和官能团位置参量(q)建立了定量预测醇、硫醇、醚、硫醚、醛、酮、酸和酯等烷烃衍生物的标准生成焓数学模型,相关系数均大于0.999,其计算值与相应的文献值都非常吻合,平均相对误差小于1%.分子参数法的物理意义明确、操作简单、使用方便,是进行定量构效相关(OSPR)研究的一种简便可行的方法.     

聚酰亚胺/功能化石墨烯复合材料力学性能及玻璃化转变温度的分子动力学模拟

应用分子模拟方法,建立了聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI),石墨烯及羧基、氨基、羟基功能化石墨烯模型,探究了聚酰亚胺和石墨烯,聚酰亚胺和功能化石墨烯共混后复合材料的力学性能和玻璃化转变温度(T_g).研究结果表明,羧基修饰的石墨烯与PI复合后材料力学性能增加显著,其杨氏模量和剪切模量分别为4.946 GPa和1.816 GPa.不同官能团修饰的石墨烯引入PI后材料的T_g均有不同程度下降;未修饰的石墨烯与PI复合后,其T_g(559.30 K)较纯PI的T_g(663.57 K)降幅最大;而羧基修饰的石墨烯与PI复合后T_g(601.61 K)降幅最小.计算比较了PI/石墨烯复合材料体系密度、溶解度参数、相互作用能、弹性系数和氢键平均密度,研究发现羧基修饰石墨烯/PI复合材料的密度为1.396 g·cm~(-3),溶解度参数为23.51 J~(1/2)·cm~(-3/2),其相互作用能与氢键平均密度最大,弹性系数显示羧基修饰石墨烯与PI组成的复合材料内部最均匀.计算结果表明,羧基功能化石墨烯可以大幅度提高PI的力学性能,增强石墨烯与PI之间的相互作用可以减少复合材料T_g的降幅程度.此基体间相互作用的研究方法可以作为预测聚合物基纳米复合材料结构与性能的有效工具,以期为材料的设计与应用提供理论指导.     

β-环糊精包合物的1H NMR研究

用¹H NMR研究外消旋和光学纯的色氨酸(Try) 分子与β-环糊精(β-CD)形成的包埋复合物,通过主-客体分子的化学位移的变化说明这种主-客体包埋系统的手性识别过程.     

基于光子统计测量的单分子判别

基于标准的Hanbury-Brown-Twiss探测方式下，研究了具有Poisson统计背景的实际单分子光子源与理想双分子系统的光子统计特性，通过比较分析二者在具有相同平均光子数n—时的Mandel参数，研究给出一种利用双光子的统计概率P(2)判别单分子的方法为P(2)<12(2-4-2n—)².同时研究了单分子光子源的信号/背景比对分析结果的影响. 关键词： 单分子 Mandel参数 Poisson分布 信号/背景比     

聚合型硼氢化物(BH3)n(n=1-3)的几何结构与光谱的研究

采用不同方法B3P86,B3LYP,MP2和LSDA,结合Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ,对聚合型硼氢化物(BH₃)_n(n=1-3)分子的可能几何构型进行优化计算,得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数,并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(E_T),结合能(E_BT),平均结合能(E_av),电离势(E_IP),能隙(E_g),费米能级(E_F)等.结果表明:采用密度泛函DFT中的方法B3P86计算的能量最低,结构参数更接近文献值;三种硼氢化物分子基态都为1重态,电子态分别为¹A',¹A和¹A; BH₃分子的最稳定几何构型为平面三角形结构;B₂H₆为对称性乙烯式D_2h立体结构,H-B之间生成氢桥式三中心双电子键;B₃H₉为C_3ν立体结构,也生成氢桥式三中心双电子键,但三个氢桥三中心双电子键彼此隔离.最后分析了三种氢化物的红外和拉曼光谱、平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等特性,说明(BH₃)_n(n=1-3)三分子中B₂H₆最稳定,H-B桥键键长比端键更长,最强峰红外光谱强度最大. 关键词： 聚合型硼氢化物 几何构型 光谱     

CO_2分子4.3μ带谱带模型参数的理论计算

本文研究了CO_2分子4.3μ带谱带模型参数的计算方法,对积分带强度公式进行了修正,基于谱线积分线强度和谱线间隔表达式导出谱带模型参数:平均吸收系数(S/d)和谱线平均密度(1/d)的计算公式。并在很宽的温度范围内系统地计算了CO_2分子4.3μ带的谱带模型参数(S/d)和(1/d)。结果表明,低温下同位数~(13)CO_2对参数(S/d)的影响不可忽略,高温下必须考虑足够多“热带” 的贡献。 文中还应用统计谱带模型计算了各种光学路径下CO_2分子4.3μ带的发射光谱,其结果和实验光谱比较,符合甚好。     

非对称陀螺分子带模型参数的计算Ⅰ

本文给出了一个计算非对称陀螺分子带模型参数(平均吸收系数和平均谱线密度)的近似数值计算方法。利用该方法,计算了水分子带6.3-μ带模型参数。通过计算得知,该方法具有一定的可行性。     

各向异性联合反演的数值研究*

目前正交偶极子声波测井中广泛应用的各向异性反演方法为多参数联合反演的方法。该方法的目标函数由两部分构成:一是基于四分量旋转得到的快慢横波的波形匹配函数(简称主函数),二是主函数对方位求导后得到的辅助函数。该文深入研究了主函数与辅助函数以及二者的和(简称综合函数)随各向异性参数的变化特性与规律。数值模拟表明,主函数的最小值总是出现在各向异性大小为0、方位与快慢横波方位成45°的方位处,且在快横波方位上的地层各向异性大小附近存在极小值,该极值小于慢横波方位上的极小值;辅助函数在快慢横波方位上的值非常小,但在这两个方位上随各向异性大小变化不明显;综合函数可以反演出各向异性参数,但对方位的特性被弱化。     

聚丙烯腈PAN分子链的第一性原理研究

利用RHF方法,选择基组STO3G,对聚丙烯腈PAN分子链CH3(CHCNCH2)9CH2CN的10个单体进行理论研究.在结构优化方面,PAN分子链稳定结构为反式构象.主链C-C平均键长155.6pm,支链C-C平均键长149.7pm,C-N平均键长115.5pm.在电荷分布方面,主链C原子电荷分布呈现出一定的周期性,与C-N键相连的主链C原子电荷量小于相邻的主链C原子的电荷量,两者的电负性有一定的差异.存在这种差异的原因在于支链N原子的存在,支链N原子具有更强的电负性.最后对PAN结构链的振动模式进行分析得出,在对PAN进行预氧化及碳化处理时,先发生的是脱氢反应,随着温度的升高,产生环化,从而使环化与脱氢同时存在.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.