四—（对—羟基苯基）卟啉在水／三氟乙酸溶液中J—聚集的光谱研究

本文研究了四－（对－羰基苯基）卟啉（ＴＣＰＰ）在Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＦ３ＣＯＯＨ、Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＣＩ３ＣＯＨ和Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ溶液中的ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ吸收光谱、荧光光谱和拉曼光谱。实验表明,ＴＣＰＰ在Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ和Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＣＩ３ＣＯＯＨ溶液中以分子态的Ｎ－质子化卟啉Ｈ８ＴＣＰＰ＾２＋存在,而在Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＦ３ＣＯＯＨ中则形成Ｈ８ＴＣＰＰ＾２＋的Ｊ－聚集体。Ｊ－聚集体显示,ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ吸收光谱和荧光光     

聚氨酯脲(PUU)固化过程中形态及力学性能的变化

用透射电镜TEM和“原位”FTIR技术研究了预聚物法聚氨酯脲（PUU）本体聚合反应过程中材料内部的形态变化。FTIR的光谱数据表明：随着反应时间的增加，氢键化的NH基团的谱带吸收愈来愈强且逐渐向低波数移动；反应初期，游离氨基甲酸酯羰基的吸收几乎不变，在高转化率逐渐变小，反应末期变化甚微；随着反应时间的增加，脲羰基谱带的振动位置逐渐向低波数移动，有序氢键化脲羰基谱带的吸收越来越强，归属了聚合反应过程中出现的羰基变带。透射电镜的照片从另一角度证实，随着脲键氢键化程度的增强，相分离程度增强。     

ZrO2在Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂中对NO催化还原反应的作用

测定了含ＺｒＯ２的Ｒｈ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＮＯ＋Ｃ２Ｈ４和ＮＯ＋Ｃ２Ｈ４＋Ｏ２的反应活恬性,并应用ＴＰＲ、ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ比表面等表征了ＺｒＯ２的加入方式和晶型对Ｒｈ／γ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂活性和结构的影响。结果表明,ＺｒＯ２的加入一定程度也抑制了Ｒｈ＾３＋与γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间的相互作用和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的相变,提高了催化剂的热稳定性,明显提高了８５０℃老化样品的ＮＯ＋Ｃ２Ｈ４反应活性。对于ＮＯ＋Ｃ２     

ClONO2及其异构体光解反应的从头算研究：Ⅰ.ClONO2→^hv Cl＋NO3…

用量子化学从头计算方法讨论了大气臭氧层主要破坏物之一ＣｌＯＮＯ２的存在，寻找到６种可能的异构体，并在ＭＰ２／６－３１ｇ级别比较了它们的能量，得出ＣｌＯＮＯ２（构型ａ）是较常见的稳定构型。研究了ＣｌＯＮＯ２在光照下最易发生的分解反应ＣｌＯＮＯ２→Ｃｌ＋ＮＯ３，寻找到反应过渡态ＴＳ１，并讨论了反应的可能历程。     

CO（a）与CS2和CS传能反应中激发态碎片形成速率

本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态ＣＯ（ａ）与ＣＳ２和ＣＳ的传能反应，测定了反应产生的激发态碎片ＣＳ（Ａ）和ＣＳ（ａ）的形成速率常数。ＣＯ（ａ）与ＣＳ２传能反应中ＣＳ（Ａ）和ＣＳ（ａ）的形成速率常数分别为３．４６×１０＾－１１ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌｅｃ＾－１·ｓｅｃ＾－１和１．１４×１０＾－１０ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌｅｃ＾－１·ｓｅｃ＾－１。ＣＯ（ａ）与ＣＳ传能反应中ＣＳ（Ａ）和ＣＳ（ａ）的形成速率常数分别为１     

负载型铁催化剂上费托合成的反应机理

用瞬时应答技术对费托合成的初始态动力学行为进行跟踪，研究了Ｆｅ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ／γ－ＡＬ２Ｏ３和Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ－Ｋ２Ｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ氢化生成轻的催化性能和Ｃ２烃的生成机理。结果表明，在Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ－Ｋ２Ｏ／γ－Ａ２Ｏ３上ＣＯ解离吸附形成的表面碳是合成烃反应的活性中心，表面碳的逐步氢化，生成亚甲基物种而亚甲基物种的聚合促成了烃键的增长。     

均三叠氨基三硝基苯热解反应的理论研究

用ＰＭ３－ＭＯ方法,基于热力学,统计热力学和反应速率过渡态理论,对２,４,６－三叠氮基－１,３,５－三硝基苯的热解反应机理进行了计算研究,求得各基元反应的反应物,产物和过渡态的全优化几何构型,电子结构和反应的热力学,动力学参数。结果表明,Ｎ－Ｎ２断裂和Ｃ－ＮＯ２自由基均裂反应活化能较高,ＴＡＴＮＢ的各步热解优先取“氧化呋咱”机理,且生成４,６－二叠氮基－３,５－二硝基苯并氧化呋咱的第一步反应为速率     

亚稳态分子CO（α^3П）猝灭过程

用流动余辉技术测定了亚稳态分子ＣＯ（α＾３П）被ＣＳ２，ＳＯ２，ＳＯ，ＮＯＣ１２，ＩＣ１，ＳＯ２Ｃ１２，ＳＣ１２，Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣＨＣ１３，ＣＨ２Ｃ１２，Ｈｅ和Ｎｅ猝灭的速率常数，并较为详细地讨论了ＣＯ（α）和ＣＳ２，ＳＯ２，ＳＯ，ＮＯ等分子的猝灭反应的可能出口通道，指出ＣＯ（α）被其他分子猝灭时，主要出口通道是化学反应，Ｅ－Ｅ和Ｅ－Ｖ能量转移，有时是几种不同的出口通道同时存在。     

掺杂对铁黄合成过程及铁黄形态的影响

针对碱法铁黄制备过程，研究了掺杂Ｃｒ（ＮＯ３）３，ＺｎＳＯ４，ＭｇＳＯ４，ＭｎＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３，分散剂和柠檬酸钠等对铁黄形态和合成过程的影响。研究结果表明，掺杂不但可以改变铁黄粒子的形貌和过程速率，而且部分阳离子会进入晶格导致铁黄粒子结构变化，表现在铁黄粒子的晶胞常数的变化和热特性变化等方面。     

一甲基硫脲与支持电解质的阴离子在银电极上共吸附的拉曼光谱研究

本文用电化学现场表面增强拉曼散射光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）技术研究了ＭＴＵ在ＨＣｌＯ４、Ｈ２ＳＯ４和ＨＮＯ３介质中分别与一种或两种无机阴离子的共吸附行为，发现ＣｌＯ－４、ＳＯ２－４和ＮＯ－３等弱吸附无机阴离子均能被ＭＴＵ诱导物理吸附在其质子化了的氨基（ＮＨ＋３）上，这三种无机阴离子被ＭＴＵ诱导物理吸附的强弱顺序是：在电极电位位于－０．２Ｖ～－０．７Ｖ区间时，ＳＯ２－４＞ＣｌＯ－４＞ＮＯ－３，在电位位于－０．８Ｖ～－１．２Ｖ区间时，ＣｌＯ－４＞ＳＯ２－４＞ＮＯ－３。     

FTIR研究热处理对RIM PUU的形态及力学性能的影响

将PUU(聚氨酯脲)样品薄膜放入FTIR恒温池内进行原位扫描。FTIR红外谱图的结果表明,在一定温度下,随着热处理时间的延长,氢键化的脲键的吸收逐渐增加,达到一定时间后,吸收变化甚微。在热处理过程中,有序氢键化脲键基团吸收的变化率(反映微相分离动力学)随着温度的提高而增加。PUU材料在热处理之前,羰基振动区内游离的氨酯键、无序氢键化的氨酯键、有序氢键化氨酯键、无序的氢键化脲键和有序的氢键化脲键等多种羰基并存,热处理后仅存游离的氨酯键、氢键化的氨酯键及有序的脲键3种吸收谱带。在100℃下,热处理时间(超过8h)越长,力学性能越差。而在相同的热处理时间(8h)内,热处理温度在100℃,PUU弹性体具有较好的综合力学性能。     

Effects of enhanced hydrogen bonding on the mechanical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

In this study, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites reinforced by multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with either phenolic hydroxyl groups (MWCNTs-f-OH) or PVP molecule (PVP@MWCNTs) were fabricated. The objective was to elucidate the effect of different MWCNTs surface functionalization on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. It was found that both of PVP@MWCNTs and MWCNTs-f-OH had a good dispersion in PVA matrix. However, the MWCNTs-f-OH had stronger effective interfacial interaction with PVA matrix than PVP@MWCNTs, owe to the formation of hydrogen bonds between MWCNTs-f-OH and PVA. The stress-strain measurements showed that the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of MWCNTs-f-OH/PVA with only 1.0 wt.% contents increased by 200 and 100% compare with that of PVA, respectively. The findings of this experimental study emphasized the critical role of MWCNTs surface morphology in determining the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, and shed new light on understanding and advancing the properties of carbon nanotube based composites.     

杨/柳絮与其他天然纤维的微观结构比较研究

以春季漫天飘飞的杨絮/柳絮为研究对象,将其与棉花/蚕丝天然纤维的微观结构进行比较研究,分别用体视显微镜、扫描电镜观测其形貌;用溴化钾压片法及全反射(ATR)测定FTIR光谱。分析研究其形貌及微观结构,实验结果表明：杨絮/柳絮与棉花/蚕丝天然纤维形貌有显著差异-棉花纤维较粗、且具有优良的拉伸性能,而杨絮、柳絮纤维则较短,拉伸性能比较差;FTIR光谱比较分析,发现棉花与杨絮、柳絮的主要化学结构都是纤维素,但是棉花纤维中氢键结合的羟基(-OH)伸缩振动吸收峰吸收强度明显大于杨絮,这也是导致棉花纤维长、纤维拉伸性能优于杨絮、柳絮的因素之一;蚕丝纤维与棉花、杨絮柳絮这些植物纤维不同,它的主要结构为酰胺结构。它们微观结构的差异决定了这些纤维不同的性能和用途。     

聚丙烯釜内合金初生态树脂粒子研究

针对Ziegler-Natta/茂金属复合催化剂基于Spheripol工艺制备的聚丙烯釜内合金的初生粒子中存在的两种外观形貌的粒子,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)、热分析(DSC)和力学性能测试等方法对白色和半透明的初生态树脂粒子进行了组成、结构和力学性能的比较研究。FTIR,NMR和SEM结果表明,两者外观形貌的差异主要是二段聚合中乙烯-丙烯共聚物的含量和分布不同。DSC和POM结果表明,乙烯-丙烯共聚物的存在使半透明粒子中聚丙烯的结晶速率高于白色粒子。力学性能测试结果表明,由于乙烯-丙烯共聚物含量少,白色粒子的冲击韧性明显低于半透明粒子,但拉伸强度和弯曲模量明显高于半透明粒子。并基于聚合工艺提出了两种初生粒子形成的可能机理。     

Improvement in mechanical and optical properties of vapour chopped vacuum evaporated PANI/PMMA composite thin film

PANI/PMMA composite was synthesized by emulsion polymerization pathway and the composite thin film was obtained by vacuum evaporation. The effect of vapour chopping and varying PMMA concentration was also studied. The FTIR spectra showed that the PANI/PMMA composite thin film deposited as a short chain oligomers. Increase in transmittance and decrease in refractive index was obtained with increasing concentration of PMMA, which further increased the adhesion and decreased intrinsic stress. The vapour chopping improved its optical as well as mechanical properties and produced smoother surface morphology. Increase of PMMA made the film more amorphous and does not change its band gap.     

Optical and mechanical properties of vacuum evaporated vapour chopped polyaniline thin film

The paper reports the effect of chopping the vapour flow on properties of vacuum evaporated polyaniline thin films synthesized by aqueous polymerization pathway. The chopper was a metallic vane of V-shaped cut out placed between the substrate and boat in the path of evaporated vapour. It interrupted the flow of vapour at a constant rate. Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) studies indicated that the vacuum evaporated films are more in reduced form and contain short chain oligomers. Improved adhesion and reduced intrinsic stress of polyaniline thin film due to chopping are obtained. Higher transmittance and lower refractive index films resulted due to the process of chopping as compared to the deposited films. Chopping also produces smoother surface morphology.     

Synthesis and characterization of undoped and tin-doped ZnO nanostructures

In this paper, undoped and tin-doped ZnO nanostructures were grown onto non-conductive substrates by a simple solution method. Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the structures were investigated with respect to tin concentration. From XRD studies, all the ZnO nanostructures were found as hexagonal wurtzite type structures growing preponderantly oriented with c-axis normal to the substrate. An increase in tin content resulted in a decrease in grain size, whereas the dislocation density increases. SEM observations indicated that all the structures were textured throughout the substrates without any cracks or pores. The influence of incorporation of tin on surface morphology of the samples was clearly seen. Average diameter of the nanostructures decreased with increasing tin content. Absorption spectra of the structures revealed that the band gap of the films increases with increasing tin concentration. It is found that the tin-doped samples have higher average transmittance than the undoped one. The 1?% tin-doped sample exhibited ??80?% average transparency, which was the best transparency among the doped samples. Electrical measurements showed that resistivity of the structures increased with increasing dopant concentration. This increasing was attributed due to a decrease in carrier concentration caused by carrier traps at the grain boundaries.     

Properties and Structure of Dynamically Vulcanized TPU/EVM Blends

The preparation of dynamically vulcanized TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)/EVM (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer rubber) blends and the effect of two peroxide curing agents, DCP (dicumyl peroxide) and BIPB (bis(tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl)benzene) on the mechanical properties, hot air aging, and oil resistance were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), and magnetic resonance crosslink density spectroscopy (MR-CDS) were used to analyze the curing reaction, phase structure, and crosslink density of dynamic vulcanizates. The results showed that the optimum parameters for dynamically vulcanized TPU/EVM by peroxide-DCP or BIPB in a HAAKE rheometer were: mixing temperature 140–150°C and rotor speed 30 rpm. The mechanical properties and oil resistance of these blends were improved by dynamic vulcanization. It was found that BIPB is a better curing agent than DCP for the dynamic vulcanization of TPU/EVM and its optimum content was 0.8 phr in the blend. FTIR spectra showed EVM and TPU could both be cured by peroxide in the blend and the curing reaction occurred at -CH₂- groups that were linked with -C- instead of -O- and -CH₃ groups in the blend. PCM photographs showed that dynamically vulcanized TPU/EVM blends had “sea-island” phase structure when the curing agent content was low and it had “interlocked/co-continuous” phase structure as the curing agent content was increased. The spin-lattice relaxation constant, T_21, measured with MR-CDS proved that the crosslink density of the cured blends increased with increasing curing agent content.     

Influence of Curing Pressure on the Structure and Properties of Epoxy Adhesive Films

The effects of different curing pressures on the structure and properties of bisphenol A type epoxy adhesive film (METLBOND 1515-4, Cytec Industries Inc. Germany) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), nano-indentation analysis, and tensile testing. When the curing pressure was increased from 0?MPa to 0.5?MPa FTIR showed that more rigid carbonyl groups were found in the polymers. In addition, the microscopic and macroscopic mechanical properties of the cured adhesive films were improved. Nano-indentation analysis showed that the elastic modulus of the cured product increased significantly, from 2.92?GPa to 3.49?GPa. However, the tensile tests showed that the breaking-elongation increased only slightly, from 3.10% to 3.73%, when the curing pressure was increased from 0?MPa to 0.5?MPa. DMA results showed that the crosslinking densities of the cured epoxy films were improved by the increased curing pressure. These results indicated that a higher modulus of the cured product could be gained by increasing the curing pressure appropriately.