基于CPLD的空间面阵CCD相机驱动时序发生器的设计与硬件实现

在分析e2v公司的CCD47-20 Backthinned NIMO型CCD器件驱动时序关系的基础上, 设计了可调帧频和曝光时间的空间面阵CCD相机驱动时序发生器及其硬件电路.选用可编程逻辑器件作为硬件设计载体,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述.针对ALTERA公司的EPM9400LC84-15对设计进行了RTL级仿真及配置,完成了时序发生器的硬件电路.硬件实验结果表明,所研制的驱动时序发生器不仅可以满足空间CCD相机的驱动要求,而且还可以调节帧频和曝光时间.     

大面阵CMOS APS相机系统的设计

基于大面阵CMOS APS图像传感器LUPA-4000设计出一个相机系统.通过对LUPA-4000驱动时序的分析,选用FPGA作为驱动信号产生载体,使用VHDL硬件语言设计了包括CMOS传感器驱动、通信、数据转换等一体化的程序,并分别对各个程序模块进行说明.设计了系统硬件电路,并加载程序对CMOS传感器驱动信号进行测试,给出了控制像素积分信号的测试波形.经测试相机电路系统与计算机通信正常,与下位机数据传输准确无误,系统整体运行稳定可靠.安装光学系统后获取了高质量图像.     

大面阵CMOS APS相机系统的设计

基于大面阵CMOS APS图像传感器LUPA-4000设计出一个相机系统.通过对LUPA-4000驱动时序的分析,选用FPGA作为驱动信号产生载体,使用VHDL硬件语言设计了包括CMOS传感器驱动、通信、数据转换等一体化的程序,并分别对各个程序模块进行说明.设计了系统硬件电路,并加载程序对CMOS传感器驱动信号进行测试,给出了控制像素积分信号的测试波形.经测试相机电路系统与计算机通信正常,与下位机数据传输准确无误,系统整体运行稳定可靠.安装光学系统后获取了高质量图像.     

基于FPGA的一种长线阵CCD驱动时序电路设计

驱动时序电路的设计是CCD应用的关键技术,在分析ATMEL公司的TH7834C型长线阵CCD器件驱动时序关系的基础上,设计了TH7834C的驱动时序电路。选用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为硬件设计平台,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序电路进行了硬件描述,采用EDA软件对所设计的驱动时序进行了功能仿真,针对ALTERA公司的现场可编程门阵列EPF10K30RC240-3进行了适配。工程实践结果表明,所设计的驱动时序电路不仅可以满足TH7834C型CCD的驱动要求,而且该驱动电路结构简单、功耗小、成本低、抗干扰能力强,具有较高的实用价值,适用于其它型号的CCD。     

高分辨高灵敏度 CCD图像传感器驱动时序设计许涛1,张振海1, *,石志国2,张东红3,侯帅1,张亮1,王健1,

在分析面阵CCD图像传感器结构和驱动时序基础上,针对高分辨率高灵敏度ICX694ALG大面阵CCD图像传感器 ,研究其驱动时序发生器。以现场可编程门阵列 ( FPGA) 作为硬件平台 ,通过Verilog HDL硬件描述语言对该驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述,采用ISE软件进行功能仿真,并针对XILINX公司的可编程逻辑器件XC3S1000进行了硬件适配。仿真测试表明,FPGA驱动时序发生器能够满足高分辨高灵敏ICX694ALG大面阵CCD图像传感器驱动要求,达到了设计要求。     

基于CPLD的可选输出CCD驱动时序设计

在分析了CCD器件驱动时序关系的基础上,设计了可选输出的驱动时序发生器.作为卫星上的有效载荷,CCD成像系统可以根据入射能量的多少及探测分辨率的需求,以单像元或像元二合一方式输出.选用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)作为硬件设计平台,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述,采用Maxplus Ⅱ对所设计的驱动时序发生器进行了仿真,针对Altera公司的可编程逻辑器件EPM7128SLC84-7进行适配.系统测试结果表明,所研制的驱动时序发生器可以满足高速CCD成像仪的驱动要求.     

高速CCD摄像机驱动时序发生器的设计及基于CPLD技术的实现

在分析DALSA公司的IA D1型高速CCD器件驱动时序关系的基础上 ,设计了可调曝光时间的高速摄像机驱动时序发生器。选用复杂可编程逻辑器件 (CPLD)作为硬件设计平台 ,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述 ,采用EDA软件对所设计的驱动时序发生器进行了功能仿真 ,针对Lattice公司的可编程逻辑器件ISPLSI5 2 5 6进行适配。系统测试结果表明 ,所研制的驱动时序发生器不仅可以满足高速CCD摄像机的驱动要求 ,而且还能够调节其曝光时间     

基于CPLD的面阵CCD驱动时序发生器设计及其硬件实现

在分析FTT1010-M型面阵CCD图像传感器驱动时序关系的基础上，设计了可调曝光时间的面阵CCD驱动时序发生器及其硬件电路．选用CPLD器件作为硬件设计平台，使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述．采用QuartusⅡ对所设计的驱动时序发生器进行了功能仿真，并针对ALTERA公司的EPM7160SLC84—10进行了RTL级仿真及配置．硬件实验结果表明，所设计的驱动时序发生器不仅可以满足面阵CCD图像传感器的驱动要求，而且还能够调节其曝光时间．     

基于CPLD的线阵CCD光积分时间的自适应调节

在分析SONY公司的ILX533K型CCD驱动时序的基础上,设计了单片机控制下的光积分时间自适应调节系统.选用CPLD器件作为硬件设计载体,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述.采用MAX+PLUS Ⅱ软件对所做的设计进行了功能仿真,并针对ALTERA公司的CPLD器件EP1K50进行了RTL级仿真及配置.系统测试表明,所设计的光积分时间自适应调节系统可以满足光积分时间的快速自适应调节.     

积分时间可调的CCD相机驱动时序设计与实现

在分析帧转移CCD的结构和驱动时序的基础之上,对时序关系和积分时间选择进行了计算,并给出积分时间可调的循环嵌套时序设计方案.以现场可编程逻辑门阵列为硬件载体,用硬件描述语言对方案进行设计.考虑到CCD驱动时序复杂、相位要求严格,提出运用锁相环技术进行高频信号的精确移相,用嵌入式逻辑分析仪对时序进行采样验证,在CCD电路板上实现了积分时间可调的CCD空间相机驱动时序.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.