聚苯乙烯的氘化及其性能研究

采用聚苯乙烯(PS)催化氘化技术,在使苯环被氘化饱和的基础上,成功地制备出了部分氘化的聚环己基乙烯（D-PVCH,C8H8D6）。用傅里叶红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪对D-PVCH的结构进行了表征,结果表明与目标产物吻合,即苯环被氘饱和转化为环己基,氘代率为41.5%。采用差式扫描量热仪和热重分析仪分析了D-PVCH的热性能,结果表明D-PVCH的玻璃化转变温度为125 ℃,5%失重温度为403 ℃。另外,D-PVCH可溶于常见溶剂,如石油醚、环己烷和甲苯等。与PS相比,D-PVCH具有较好的热稳定性和良好的溶解性能。     

低密度聚环己基乙烯泡沫的制备

低密度CH聚合物多孔材料是惯性约束聚变(ICF)的重要靶材料,利用热致相分离原理对低密度聚环己基乙烯泡沫的制备进行了研究。首先通过聚苯乙烯(PS)氢化反应制备了聚环己基乙烯(PVCH),经过溶剂选择,确定以环己烷/1,4-二氧六环为溶剂体系,经热致相分离和冷冻干燥技术制备出低密度PVCH泡沫。通过分析溶液浓度对泡沫密度的影响,确定了泡沫密度与聚合物溶液质量浓度之间的关系,在0.04~0.15 g/cm3范围之内可实现对泡沫密度的有效控制。泡沫孔结构测试结果表明随着密度的增加,平均孔径有升高的趋势,孔径分布趋于单一化,孔径范围为23.63~0.83μm。     

强场物理与快点火靶的制备

采用本体聚合技术合成全氘代聚苯乙烯（DPS），所得聚合物分子量约250000，分散度约3，氘代率为98．7％。采用热诱导相分离技术制备全氘代聚苯乙烯泡沫。在室温溶解DPS于溶剂中，然后转入轴向冷却模具，进行单向冷却，直到溶剂完全冷冻，最后取出冷冻样置于冷冻干燥仪中进行冷冻干燥，待溶剂完全脱出后即得泡沫。通过对二恶烷／环己烷混合溶剂相图，以及PS一混合溶剂体系的相图的测定，     

聚苯乙烯/纳米铝复合材料的流变特性及纺丝研究

为有效制得Z箍缩氘代聚苯乙烯/纳米铝(DPS/AlNPs)导电丝阵材料，采用PS中掺入AlNPs制备PS/AlNPs复合材料纤维进行模拟研究。研究了温度及剪切速率等因素对PS/AlNPs复合材料流变性能的影响、复合材料熔体的结构变化及流动状态与可纺性能的关系，以及PS/AlNPs纤维的形貌、热稳定性能和力学性能。结果表明:PS/AlNPs熔体属于典型剪切变稀型非牛顿流体，熔体的表观粘度与温度呈现负相关，240~260 ℃时复合材料的非牛顿指数介于0.462~0.546，结构黏度系数介于1.8~2.1，黏流活化能介于77.2~104.6 kJ·mol-1，具有良好的可纺性。PS/AlNPs纤维表面光滑，对AlNPs粒子包覆良好且对其抗氧化非常有利，其中当AlNPs质量分数为1%时纤维的断裂伸长率突出、掺量为5%时其断裂强度较高。     

Z箍缩靶用聚合物丝的弛豫特性

 聚苯乙烯（PS）,聚乙烯（PE）及其的氘代物是Z箍缩驱动惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验中的重要固体燃料容器材料,针对物理实验对其形状的特殊要求,利用高压毛细管流变仪及HAUL-OFF熔体拉伸测试单元进行熔融纺丝,制备出直径为30～100 μm的聚合物丝样品。通过对PS,PE以及氘代聚苯乙烯（DPS）丝的力学弛豫性质研究发现：在相同的恒定应力下,实验用PS丝的蠕变量明显小于PE丝,PS丝表现出更好的尺寸稳定性;当定伸长为1％时,PS丝的松弛率明显小于PE丝;DPS丝的蠕变及应力松弛行为与PS丝具有相同的变化趋势。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-功能化多壁碳纳米管的制备及性能

"以羧基多壁碳纳米管、甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为原料,过氧化苯甲酰作为引发剂,采用原位聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-功能化多壁碳纳米管．利用投射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、核磁共振、傅立叶转换红外光谱,热重分析和拉曼光谱对合成产物进行分析表征．结果表明,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共价接枝到羧基碳纳米管表面,羧基碳纳米管的含量影响合成产物的表观形态．核磁共振研究表明聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-功能化多壁碳纳米管在氘代氯仿中有一定的溶解性．"     

功率对氘代辉光放电聚合物结构和力学性能的影响

采用射频辉光放电聚合技术,在低压等离子体聚合装置上开展在5~20 W功率下氘代辉光放电聚合物薄膜的制备及性能研究。利用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪表征薄膜的化学结构,讨论了功率变化对其官能团结构的影响规律。利用元素分析仪和纳米压痕仪表征薄膜中氘原子的相对含量和薄膜的力学性能。研究表明:随着功率的升高,薄膜中的氘含量先升高后降低,在10W时达到最大,薄膜中SP3 CD的相对含量增加,SP3 CD2的相对含量减小;聚合物薄膜的硬度和杨氏模量均随功率的增加而减小。     

溶液浇铸法制备氘代聚乙烯薄膜

采用改进的溶液浇铸法,用氘代聚乙烯为原料,制备了厚度为100, 200, 400 μm的氘代聚乙烯薄膜。研究了溶液温度、干燥温度、真空加热温度及时间等因素对成膜性、薄膜均匀性和透明性的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:溶液温度120～130 ℃,干燥温度80～100 ℃,加热温度120 ℃,加热时间1 h。3维视频显微镜和原子力显微镜表征结果表明:制备的薄膜透明性较好,厚度较均匀;薄膜表面起伏较小。     

溶液浇铸法制备氘代聚乙烯薄膜

 采用改进的溶液浇铸法,用氘代聚乙烯为原料,制备了厚度为100, 200, 400 μm的氘代聚乙烯薄膜。研究了溶液温度、干燥温度、真空加热温度及时间等因素对成膜性、薄膜均匀性和透明性的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：溶液温度120～130 ℃,干燥温度80～100 ℃,加热温度120 ℃,加热时间1 h。3维视频显微镜和原子力显微镜表征结果表明:制备的薄膜透明性较好,厚度较均匀;薄膜表面起伏较小。     

氘的气液界面及相变特性分子动力学仿真

氘作为重要的核聚变原料,其热物性数据是基础,而气液相界面特性和相变规律又是热物性的关键.国内外对氘的相界面特性研究甚少.本文基于分子动力学方法,采用截断移位Lennard-Jones 12-6势能函数模型描述原子间的相互作用,并考虑分子内部原子间键的谐振作用,对氘的气液界面特性及气液固相变过程进行了仿真研究,得到了氘在不同温度下气液界面过渡区域的厚度、表面张力值等;获得了氘的密度随相变过程的变化规律,并由此得出氘的熔沸点温度,上述计算结果与实验及文献值吻合良好.不仅从微观层面上揭示了氘的宏观热物性表征机理,而且所建立的仿真模型可直接用于预测缺乏实验工况下的氘热物性.     

Preparation and Properties of Polystyrene/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites by In Situ Polymerization

Polystyrene/bacterial cellulose (PS/BC) nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), themogravimetry (TG), and mechanical testing were employed to characterize the PS/BC nanocomposites. The polystyrene filled in the network of the BC and a lamellar structure was formed. The FTIR results show that no chemical reaction between PS and BC occurred during the polymerization. These composites showed good mechanical properties.     

固化温度对聚苯乙烯空心微球质量的影响

在乳液微封装技术制备聚苯乙烯空心微球的工艺中,固化过程是决定微球球形度及壁厚均匀性的关键阶段。基于乳粒发生器制备内径(850±10)μm、壁厚(250±25)μm的复合乳粒,以25℃,45℃和65℃作为固化温度,考察了固化温度对微球球形度和壁厚均匀性的影响。结果表明,固化温度越低,界面张力越高,乳液固化速率越慢,微球球形度和壁厚均匀性越好。当固化温度为25℃时,批次微球中球形偏离值优于2μm的微球产率为90%,壁厚偏差值优于2μm的微球产率为40%,明显优于固化温度为45℃和65℃时微球的质量。     

化学腐蚀法制备荧光多孔硅及对Ag~+的检测

采用简便的化学腐蚀法在45℃下制备了橘红色荧光多孔硅(PS),通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和比表面积(BET)对PS的结构进行了表征。研究发现,Ag~+能在PS上发生氧化沉积而猝灭荧光。基于此,建立了一种快速、灵敏检测Ag~+的新方法。在优化实验条件下,Ag~+浓度与PS的荧光强度在4.5×10~(-8)~6.6×10~(-7)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.2×10~(-8)mol/L,线性相关系数为0.991 4。该方法用于水样中Ag~的检测,结果满意。     

利用微球层提高有机发光二极管出光效率

采用自组装的方法(提拉法)在普通玻璃盖玻片衬底上制备了聚苯乙烯微球层,对其进行简单的热处理可获得类似微透镜的结构。利用折射率匹配液将其耦合在常规OLEDs的出光面,研究了其对器件光学特性的影响。初步的研究结果表明:热处理后的直径为3μmPS微球层可将限制在玻璃衬底中的部分光耦合到前向外部空间,并将OLEDs器件正方向的发光亮度(效率)提高大约9%。     

Effect of Polydispersity on the Phase Behavior of Polystyrene (PS)/Poly (Vinyl Methyl Ether) (PVME)

The thermodynamics and kinetics of phase separation in partially miscible blends of poly (vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and two kinds of polystyrene (PS) with the same weight average molecular weight but different polydispersity were studied. The miscibility of PS/PVME with the monodisperse PS was better than that of PS/PVME with the polydisperse PS. Different morphology was observed for the two kinds of PS/PVME (10/90) blends during the nonisothermal phase separation process. The blend with monodisperse PS presented a co-continuous structure while the blend with polydisperse PS presented a viscoelastic phase separated network structure at a quench depth of 29°C. With increase of the heating rate, the increase of cloud point of PS/PVME (30/70) with polydisperse PS was smaller than that of PS/PVME (30/70) with monodisperse PS. During the isothermal phase separation of the critical composition (20/80) of PS/PVME with a quench depth of 30°C, it was found that the phase morphology of the two kinds of blends was nearly the same at the early stage of phase separation. However, as the dispersed phase, an approximately spherical droplet structure was observed in the blend with monodisperse PS at the late stage of phase separation, which did not appear in the blend with polydisperse PS.     

充气温度对PS-PVA-CH塑料微球性能的影响

 主要研究了PS-PVA-CH空心塑料微球充气时，充气平衡温度对微球强度、球形度和表面形貌的影响。对PS，PVA和CH材料的热重分析结果表明，PS和PVA具有较高的分解温度，而PS-PVA双层球和PS-PVA-CH塑料微球升温后的耐外压实验表明，温度升高后双层球耐外压强度降低很快，不能满足充Ar气需要；而3层球在100~120℃仍有很高强度，在该温度下，可以实现充Ar气。微球表面形貌分析结果显示，高温充气后，3层球表面粗糙度升高。     

The effect of PS porosity on the structure,optical and electrical properties of ZnS/PS

ZnS films were deposited on porous silicon (PS) substrates with different porosities by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The crystalline structure, surface morphology of ZnS films on PS substrates and optical, electrical properties of ZnS/PS composites were studied. The results show that, ZnS films deposited on PS substrates were grown in preferred orientation along β-ZnS (111) direction corresponding to crystalline structure of cubic phase. With the increase of PS porosity, the XRD diffraction peak intensity of ZnS films decreases. Some voids and cracks appear in the films. Compared with as-prepared PS, the PL peak of PS for ZnS/PS has a blueshift. The larger the porosity of PS, the greater the blueshift is. A new green light emission located around 550 nm is observed with increasing PS porosity, which is ascribed to defect-center luminescence of ZnS. The blue, green emission of ZnS combined with the red emission of PS, a broad photoluminescence band (450–750 nm) is formed. ZnS/PS composites exhibited intense white light emission. The I–V characteristics of ZnS/PS heterojunctions showed rectifying behavior. Under forward bias conditions, the current density is large. Under reverse bias conditions, the current density nearly to be zero. The forward current increases with increasing PS porosity. This work lay a foundation for the realization of electroluminescence of ZnS/PS and solid white light emission devices.