近红外原油快速评价技术预测常减压蒸馏装置侧线收率

常减压蒸馏装置侧线收率对于装置操作优化具有重要的实际意义,但缺乏可靠的预测方法。在近红外原油快速评价技术基础上,结合H/CAMS软件,建立了常减压侧线收率的有效预测方法。首先建立近红外光谱快速测定原油实沸点蒸馏收率的方法,在市售原油光谱数据库的基础上,添加广西石化常炼原油品种,采用拓扑法建立分析模型,验证结果表明,近红外分析方法预测的实沸点蒸馏收率与实际测定结果基本吻合。进一步通过H/CAMS软件将近红外原油快速评价技术得到的实沸点蒸馏收率转换为常减压蒸馏装置的侧线收率。将该方法得到的常减压装置石脑油、柴油、蜡油和渣油收率与炼厂生产报表中各个侧线的收率数据进行对比,7个月的对比数据表明,近红外原油快速评价技术预测的各个侧线生产收率能够反应实际生产收率的变化趋势。基于近红外分析方法预测常减压蒸馏装置侧线收率分析速度快,结果可靠,容易实现在线操作,可以为炼厂计划优化、原油调合等过程提供基础数据。     

近红外光谱和化学计量方法用于火箭煤油快速分析检测的研究

基于火箭煤油的近红外光谱数据和化学计量学方法,成功地对火箭煤油的密度、馏程、粘度、碘值等四种特性指标进行了测定.本文测定了70多个火箭煤油样品的近红外光谱,在适当的光谱区间内用偏最小二乘法(PLS)法建立模型,各参数的相关性R2在0.862～0.999之间.用该模型对10个未知样品进行测定,近红外光谱法预测的准确度均符合标准分析方法的要求.研究表明,该方法为火箭煤油分析检测提供了一种简便、快捷、准确的方法.     

杉木综纤维素和木质素的近红外光谱法测定

用近红外光谱法对杉木中综纤维素和木质素含量进行了快速测定。用常规湿化学方法测定了48个杉木木材样品的综纤维素和木质素,用近红外光谱仪采集相应的光谱,进行二阶微分处理和平滑预处理后,用偏最小二乘法和完全交互验证方式建立相应预测模型。综纤维素校正模型和预测模型的相关系数分别为0.96和0.93;预测标准误差分别为0.39和0.50;木质素校正模型和预测模型的相关系数分别为0.99和0.90;预测标准误差分别为0.10和0.28。结果表明,近红外光谱法可以快速分析木材中综纤维素和木质素含量。     

用近红外漫反射光谱检测肉品新鲜度的初步研究

挥发性盐基氮一直以来是评定肉品新鲜程度的重要指标,通常其测定依据是半微量凯氏定氮法,这难以满足当前肉品快速非破坏性的检测要求。文章通过近红外漫反射光谱法(NIRS)建立了挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)的预测模型,并通过聚类分析方法对光谱数据进行了分类处理。结果表明当猪肉样品中TVB-N含量超过11.6 mg·(100g)-1时,可以判定该肉品为次鲜肉,采用近红外漫反射光谱法建立预测模型,能够实现对肉品的新鲜程度非破坏性、快速检测。     

近红外光谱快速检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶

在探讨近红外光谱快速检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶的可行性过程中,首先对不同厚度(0.5,1,2和4mm)血液样品的近红外透射光谱进行了分析。发现全血样品0.5 mm厚时的近红外透射光谱更适合于进行光谱分析。进而采集了176个全血样品0.5 mm厚时的近红外光谱。对采集的光谱进行多元散射校正、二阶微分法光谱预处理后,采用逐步多元线性回归和偏最小二乘回归方法建立定量分析模型,预测了全血丙氨酸氨基转移酶的含量。结果表明:利用近红外光谱法测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶时,采用偏最小二乘回归方法建立的定标模型预测效果最好,定标相关系数、定标标准差和预测标准差的值分别为:0.98,2.42和7.22。     

近红外光谱法快速检测烟草中的石油醚提取物

为适应快速分析烟草中石油醚提取物含量的需要,建立了近红外光谱法预测烟草中石油醚提取物含量的方法,考察了光谱预处理方法、谱区范围对石油醚提取物含量预测值的影响。该方法具有简便、快速、低消耗、低成本、不破坏样品及重现性好等优点,且其预测值与烟草行业标准方法测定值较为接近,适用于大批量烟叶样品石油醚提取物含量的快速分析。     

复合肥料多种养分含量快速分析新方法

提出了一种同时测定复合肥料中多种养分含量的快速分析新方法,即用水将固体复合肥料定容溶解,采集其溶液部分的近红外光谱进行各种养分含量的分析预测。使用此方法建立了偏最小二乘回归模型,其中总氮、有效五氧化二磷、氧化钾和石粉含量模型的SEP值分别为0.5,0.7,0.8和2.0。方法操作方便,解决了近红外漫反射光谱法无法准确测定氧化钾含量的技术难题,实现了在5分钟内完成复合肥全部成分含量的快速准确分析。     

近红外光谱法快速测定毛竹Klason木质素的含量

研究了用近红外漫反射光谱法对毛竹Klason木质素含量的快速预测。选取了代表不同竹龄、不同高度和横向不同位置的54个竹材粉末样品,用常规实验室方法测定了54个样品的Klason木质素含量,用近红外光谱仪漫反射方式在350～2500 nm范围内采集相应样品的光谱,利用多变量统计分析软件建立样品木质素含量和光谱数据之间的相关性模型。结果表明,对原始光谱进行二阶导数预处理后,选择1 011～1675 nm和1930～2488 nm波长区间,用偏最小二乘法(PLS1)和完全交互验证方式建立了的校正模型和预测模型的相关系数分别为0.99,和0.97,校正标准误差SEC＝0.36％,预测标准误差SEP=0.59％,说明毛竹Klason木质素含量和近红外光谱之间存在非常好的相关性,用近红外光谱技术可以实现对竹材样品中Klason木质素含量的快速预测。     

近红外光谱技术在快速测定连翘提取物中连翘苷含量的应用

本文主要对近红外光谱技术在快速测定连翘提取物中连翘苷含量的应用进行了研究。利用近红外漫反射光谱法采集样品的近红外光谱,以HPLC分析值作为参考值,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立连翘苷含量的定量校正模型,并用未知样品对该模型进行验证。所建模型的相关系数(R2)、校正均方差(RM-SEC)和内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.9745、0.117和0.2392;经外部验证,预测相关系数(r2)和预测均方差(RMSEP)分别为0.9788和0.0776。结果表明该方法操作简便,无污染,结果准确可靠,可用于连翘提取物中连翘苷含量的快速测定。     

支持向量机(SVM)在傅里叶变换近红外光谱分析中的应用研究

支持向量机(SVM)用于两类问题的识别研究,它是统计学习理论中最年轻的分支,所建分析模型有严格的数学基础。同时介绍了SVM学习的基本原理和方法,并将该方法引入化学计量学,以103个中药大黄样品为实验材料,通过SVM近红外光谱法建立了大黄样品真伪识别模型。对学习集中33个样品模型识别准确率为100％;对70个预测样品的识别准确率为96.77％, 为中药大黄的快速识别提供了参考。研究结果表明了SVM近红外光谱法建立生物样品识别模型的可行性。通过旨在介绍SVM学习方法的基本思想,以引起化学计量学工作者的进一步关注。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.