大蒜素提取检测及对肝癌细胞的灭活效果研究

采用溶剂提取法提取大蒜中的活性成分,探讨了不同酶解温度和大蒜捣碎粒径程度对大蒜素提取率的影响.通过正交试验,研究了硫酸钡吸光比浊法测定大蒜中大蒜素含量的最佳实验条件.在最佳实验条件下,体系的吸光度y与硫酸根离子浓度x呈线性关系:y=0.237x+0.002(r=0.9985).用MTT法对大蒜素提取浓缩液进行细胞活性检...     

太行山黄芪中黄芪多糖的提取工艺

采用碱性水提醇沉法进行黄芪多糖的提取,用蒽酮-浓硫酸比色法测定多糖的含量.通过改变黄芪的粒度,水浴比,水浴温度,提取次数,乙醇浓度及pH值等条件的研究,筛选出最佳提取工艺条件:于1:12的水浴比在70C水浴提取3次,乙醇浓度为90%,pH=10的条件下黄芪多糖的提取率最高,为19.2%.     

不同提取方法对小花棘豆总生物碱提取率的影响

采用乙醇浸提-有机溶剂萃取法、超声波辅助提取法、乙醇浸提-柱层析分离法3种方法提取小花棘豆中的总生物碱,比较3种方法总生物碱的提取率.3种方法的总生物碱提取率分别为0.0008％、0.0032％、0.0080％.故选用乙醇浸提-柱层析分离法.通过正交试验,得到乙醇浸提最佳工艺条件为:提取温度30℃,乙醇浓度75％,物料...     

超声提取分光光度法测定柑橘皮中橙皮甙含量

在超声波作用下,用饱和石灰水浸提、酸析,从柑橘皮中提取橙皮甙.以精制橙皮甙提取率为评价指标,利用正交实验L9(33)筛选最佳工艺条件.结果表明最佳提取条件为A2B2C2,即:超声温度25 C,超声时间30min,饱和氢氧化钙水溶液与柑橘皮质量比为4:1.在优选的工艺条件下进行提取,利用紫外可见分光光度法对橙皮甙的含量进行测定,浓度在0.004672-0.01168mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,其回归方程C=0.54487 23.15036×A(mg/mL),r=0.98315,回收率为96.9%-98.5%.该工艺快速,简便,结果稳定.     

茯砖茶中黄酮的提取及含量测定

研究了茯砖茶中黄酮的最佳提取及测定条件,以95％乙醇为溶剂,加热回流提取茯砖茶中的黄酮,采用分光光度法检测黄酮含量.在料液比为1∶20g/mL,加热回流60min时,黄酮的提取率最高;当波长为416nm,0.1mol/LAlCl3-甲醇显色液与HAc-NaAc缓冲液(pH=4.0)的体积比为1∶1,显色时间为15min时,吸光度最大.对照样品的线性回归方程为A=0.0203+0.0176C(μg/mL),相关系数r=0.9997,线性范围10-50μg/mL,检出限2.5μg/mL;测得茯砖茶样品中黄酮的含量为1.80％,RSD为1.27％(n=5),对照样品的平均加标回收率为99.0％-102.8％.方法操作简便、快速、准确,能满足茯砖茶中总黄酮的提取和检测的要求.     

西瓜番茄红素提取方法优化

采取有机溶剂浸提法从西瓜中提取番茄红素,通过梯度实验来研究在不同提取温度、时间、pH值等因素下对番茄红素提取效果的影响.结果表明,使用合2%二氯甲烷的正己烷浸提西瓜糊,在西瓜糊质量与溶剂物料比为0.33g/mL、浸提时间为2h、pH值为5.5、浸提温度35℃条件下,能充分提取番茄红素,提取效果较好.     

空心莲子草总黄酮的提取工艺

确定空心莲子草总黄酮最佳提取工艺.采用微波辅助法提取空心莲子草中的黄酮类化合物,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺.以芦丁为对照,采用紫外分光光度法在260nm处测定其中的总黄酮.最佳工艺条件:乙醇浓度40%,固液比1:20,微波辐射40s,微波功率320W,间歇提取2次.按最佳工艺条件提取总黄酮含量为30.012mg/g.回归方程为;y=33.21C+0.0106,相关系数r=0.9998,精密度试验RSD分别为1.1461(n≥6),平均加样回收率为99%,RSD=2.43%(n=6).样品的稳定性试验RSD为0.048%(120min).选择的最佳工艺对提取空心莲子草总黄酮确为最佳.用芦丁标准品,采用紫外分光光度法,操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,为空心莲子草中总黄酮含量测定的一种切实可行的方法.     

积雪草总黄酮提取工艺和含量测定研究

确定积雪草总黄酮最佳提取工艺和含量测定方法,采用微波辅助法提取积雪草中的黄酮类化合物,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺.分别以槲皮素和山奈酚为对照,采用紫外分光光度法在320nm处测定积雪草全草中的总黄酮.最佳工艺条件:提取次数3次,辐射时间20s,固液比1:10,功率480W.按最佳工艺条件提取总黄酮含量为8.40mg/g.回归方程为(槲皮素):y=29.993C+0.027,相关系数r2=0.9982,精密度和稳定性试验RSD分别为0.265%和0.172%(n≥6),平均加样回收率为99%,RSD=1.51%(n=5).回归方程为(山奈酚):y=36.928C+0.0178,相关系数rz=0.9991,精密度和稳定性试验的RSD分别为0.231%和0.190%(n≥6),平均加样回收率为99%,RSD=0.714%(n=5),样品的稳定性试验RSD为0.218%(60min).选择的最佳工艺对提取积雪草全草总黄酮确为最佳.用槲皮素或山奈酚标准品,采用紫外分光光度法,操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,为积雪草全草中总黄酮含量测定的一种切实可行的方法.     

正交设计优选维药恰玛古总黄酮的提取工艺

确定恰玛古总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.以乙醇为溶剂,采用索氏提取,紫外-可见分光光度法测定恰玛古中总黄酮的含量,通过稳定性、精密度和回收率实验检验了该方法的可靠性和重现性.对照品溶液和供试品液均在510nm处有最大吸收.回归方程为A=0.02054C+0.07628,r=0.9998(0-24μg·mL-1);优选的提取工艺为30倍原料重、75％乙醇、提取时间120min.平均总黄酮的含量为2.805％,平均回收率为100.88％,精密度和加样回收率的RSD分别为0.46％和2.26％.本实验操作简便,灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于恰玛古总黄酮的含量测定.     

固体废弃物的酸碱度与浸提剂pH值的相关性研究

本文对固体废弃物的酸碱度与浸提剂pH值的相关性进行了初步的研究。研究结果表明：不同酸碱度的固体废弃物在不同pH值的浸提剂浸提下，金属元素的溶出量大为不同。酸性固体废弃物在pH值较低（pH=2-4)的浸提剂浸提时，金属元素的溶出量较大，在pH=4-8时，其重金属元素的溶出量趋于恒值，中性固体废弃物浸提剂的pH值对其金属元素的溶出量变化不大。碱性固体废弃物不受浸提剂pH值的影响，金属元素几乎没有溶出。另外，固体废弃物中，金属元素以不同化合物形态的存在也直接影响到浸提率。提出了固体废弃物的任意堆放和填埋，会在酸雨的冲淋浸泡下，对环境造成极大的危害，并根据当地降水的pH值制定出相应的地方监测标准。     

桔皮中提取果胶的工艺

对桔皮果胶的提取工艺进行了研究。实验研究了酸提取果胶的过程中提取液pH值、料液比、微波功率、微波时间等反应条件对产率的影响。结果表明,果胶的最佳提取条件为：提取液pH值为1,料液比为1∶20g/mL,微波功率为460W,微波辐射时间为6min,果胶得率21.3%。     

正交设计优选银杏黄酮苷的超声提取条件

使用正交设计优化超声提取银杏黄酮苷的工艺条件。得到的最佳提取条件为:对于1g原料,采用60%乙醇水作提取溶剂,盐酸调节其pH值为4.5,在温度50℃下超声提取40min,黄酮苷的平均提取率为81.38%。该工艺简单、无污染且重复性好,适合大量制备银杏黄酮苷。     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the profile of proteins extracted from Betula pendula pollens

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has high success potential in pollen protein extraction, but its effect on pollen protein profiles has not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to put forward whether HHP processing causes a change in the protein profiles extracted from pollens or not. In this study, proteins extracted from Betula pendula pollens were studied at 100, 200 and 300?MPa at room temperature for 5?min. In addition, the efficiency of three different extraction solvents, namely phosphate buffer saline (PBS) buffer pH 7.5, trichloroacetic acid–acetone and Tris–HCl buffer pH 8.8, was also observed, and the results were compared with the conventional pollen protein extraction procedure. As a result, it is concluded that 200?MPa for 5?min has extracted similar amounts of protein compared with the conventional extraction method which lasted for 24?h, which lasted for 24 h. On the other hand, the application time for 200 MPa for 5 min is extremely shorter when it is compared to the conventional extraction method.     

Comparison of distillation and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods for the isolation of sensitive aroma compounds from garlic (Allium sativum)

A comparative study of traditional simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), microwave assisted hydrodistillation extraction (MWHD) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE) is presented, for the extraction of essential oils from fresh garlic (Allium sativum) cloves. Each method is evaluated in terms of qualitative and quantitative composition of the isolated essential oil. The highly reactive sulfur molecules of the garlic volatile fraction show variable response to the different isolation methods. The application of ultrasound for the extraction of the essential oil is considered to cause a lesser damage of thermal-sensitive molecules, thus, providing a better approach of the compounds primarily responsible for the characteristic odor and taste of freshly chopped garlic. All heat-involving isolation procedures have been shown to differentiate the volatile-fraction profile as analyzed by GC-MS. Especially when grouping the compounds into cyclic and acyclic, the percentage concentrations drop from 77.4% to 8.7% for the acyclic while that of the cyclic compounds increase from 4.7% to 70.8%. The observed fact may be attributed to the effect of the heat applied, which changes from harsh thermal treatment (SDE) to short time thermal (MWHD) and room-temperature isolation (USE). The use of USE proves to be crucial in order to provide reliable insight into garlic's chemistry.     

Effect of ultrasound on the activity of alliinase from fresh garlic

Alliinase is a homodimeric glycoprotein found most often in genus Allium plants. In this study, alliinase was purified from fresh garlic by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. Homogeneity of the purified protein with a molecular weight of 54,000 Da was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The effect of ultrasound on the alliinase activity was further studied. The optimal parameters for stimulating the alliinase activity were as follows: ultrasonic intensity, 0.5 W/cm(2) and ultrasonic frequency, 40 kHz. Under the optimal conditions, ultrasonic irradiation did not affect the enzyme's optimal temperature and pH, and improved its thermal stability. The low frequency and mild intensity ultrasound could increase the alliinase activity about 47.1%. Under ultrasound, the alliinase activity was inhibited by exogenous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and K(+), and obviously enhanced by Fe(2+). However, PLP and both of the metal ions showed opposite effects in the absence of ultrasound. Ultrasound could retard or slow down the inhibitory effect of l-cysteine on the alliinase activity. These results indicated that the activity of alliinase from fresh garlic might be enhanced by the low frequency and mild intensity ultrasound.     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定高盐样品中的痕量铅

在pH 6～7的缓冲体系中,样品溶液中的痕量铅与加入的吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为络合剂形成稳定的配合物。通过70 ℃恒温水浴3 h,铅配合物被萃取到表面活性剂相并与水相分开。 分离后的表面活性剂相室温就可配成上机待测样液。 此法不但将大量基体离弃在水相,从而消除高盐带来的高背景信号干扰,并将水样或1%食盐溶液的痕量铅富集10～100倍。用氘灯校正背景石墨炉原子吸收法进行测定,方法检出限：食盐0.000 5 μg·g-1,水样0.01 μg·L-1。回收率为92.3%～104%。用于食盐、海水、井水中痕量铅的测定,结果令人满意。     

微波消解-ICP-OES,AAS和AFS测定大蒜不同部位20种元素含量

将大蒜植株分为根、茎(下)、茎(中)、茎(上)、嫩叶和老叶6个不同部位,采用微波消解方法对各个部位进行了预处理,并用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定了其中Al,As,B,Ca,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni,P,Pb,S,Se,Sr和Zn共20种元素的含量,另外,还测定了从同一处土壤中采收的大蒜头中相应元素的含量.研究结果表明:大蒜植株嫩叶和大蒜头中Cu,Fe,Mn,S,Se,Zn等元素含量较高而As,Cd,Hg,Pb等元素含量较低,是提取大蒜生物活性物质的绝好材料;一些元素在大蒜植株不同部位的含量分布模式能高度反映植物生理特性或环境污染状况.     

分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的磺胺类抗生素

应用分散液相微萃取(DLLME)技术,建立了蜂蜜中磺胺类抗生素的高效液相色谱分析方法。考察了萃取剂、分散剂、萃取剂体积、分散剂体积、时间、盐度和pH等因素对分散液相微萃取的影响,并确定了最佳萃取条件为:40μL 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷(萃取剂)和1mL乙腈(分散剂),混匀后,加入水样,离心2min,吸取5μL沉积相,进行HPLC分析。应用本方法对3批蜂蜜样品进行了测定,取得了良好的效果。