LiB3O5晶体上四倍频增透膜设计

采用矢量法设计了三硼酸锂（LiB3O5,LBO）晶体上1 064 nm、532 nm、355 nm和266 nm四倍频增透膜.结果表明,在1 064 nm、532 nm、355 nm和266 nm波长的剩余反射率分别为0.001 9％、0.003 1％、0.006 1％和0.004 7％.根据容差分析,薄膜制备时沉积速率准确度控制在＋6.5％时,基频、二倍频、三倍频和四倍频波长的剩余反射率分别增加至0.24％、0.92％、2.38％和4.37％.当薄膜材料折射率的变化控制在＋3％时,1 064 nm波长的剩余反射率增大为0.18％,532 nm、355 nm和266 nm波长分别达0.61％,0.59％,0.20％.与薄膜物理厚度相比,膜层折射率对剩余反射率的影响大.对膜系敏感层的分析表明,在1 064 nm和266 nm波长,从入射介质向基底过渡的第二层膜厚度变化对剩余反射率的影响最大,其次是第一膜层.在532 nm和355 nm波长,从入射介质向基底过渡的第一和第四膜层是该膜系的敏感层.误差分析也表明,薄膜材料的色散对特定波长的剩余反射率具有明显影响,即1 064 nm、532 nm、355 nm和266 nm波长的剩余反射率分别增加至0.30％、0.23％、0.58％和3.13％.     

LBO晶体上1064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的制备和性能

采用电子束蒸发方法在三硼酸锂(LBO)晶体上制备了1064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜.利用Lambda900分光光度计、MTSNanoIndenter纳米力学综合测试系统以及调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能、附着力和激光损伤阈值进行了分析测试.结果表明,通过多次实验,不断改进薄膜沉积工艺条件,在LBO晶体上获得了综合性能优异的二倍频增透膜.样品在1064 nm,532 nm波长的剩余反射率分别为0.07%和0.16%,薄膜粘附失效的临界附着力和激光损伤阈值分别为137.4 mN和15.14 J/cm2,薄膜激光损伤发生在Al2O3膜层.     

高损伤阈值三倍频分离膜

 设计了Nd：YAG激光用三倍频分离膜,膜层材料为SiO₂和HfO₂。经过优化,膜系在355 nm处的反射率在99%以上,在532 nm和1 064 nm处透射率也在99%以上。采用电子束蒸发技术,在熔融石英基底上制备了样品,经测量,制备的分离膜光学性能与设计值接近。分离膜在355 nm激光辐照下的损伤阈值为5.1 J/cm²,并用微分干涉显微镜表征了薄膜损伤形貌。     

缓冲层对LiB_3O_5晶体上1064nm,532nm倍频增透膜性能的影响

采用电子束蒸发方法在LiB3O5(LBO)晶体上制备了无缓冲层和具有不同缓冲层的1064nm,532nm倍频增透膜。利用Lambda900分光光度计、MTS Nano Indenter纳米力学综合测试系统以及调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能、附着力和激光损伤阈值进行了测试分析。结果表明,所有样品在1064nm和532nm波长的剩余反射率都分别小于0.1%和0.2%。与无缓冲层样品相比,预镀Al2O3缓冲层的样品的附着力提高了43%,具有Si O2缓冲层的样品的附着力显著提高。激光损伤阈值分析表明,采用Si O2缓冲层改进了薄膜的抗激光损伤性能,但是Al2O3缓冲层的插入却导致薄膜的激光损伤阈值降低。     

可见光波段及1064nm波长处用于Glan-Taylor棱镜减反射膜

为了提高Glan-Taylor棱镜的透射率,研究了Glan-Taylor棱镜在可见光波段及1064nm波长处减反射膜膜的设计和制备．为提高薄膜和冰洲石晶体的附着力,采用沉积Al2O3为过渡层,ZrO2作缓冲层的方法,用单纯形优化的方法进行膜系优化设计．用电子束沉积和离子柬辅助沉积的方法制备了多层减反射膜,并采用石英晶体振荡法监控膜厚和沉积速率．测量结果表明,在可见光波段及1064nm波长处的剩余反射率均小于0．5％经测试薄膜与冰洲石晶体的附着力性能良好．     

1064nm激光与远红外共窗口成像系统波长分离膜的研制

根据激光与远红外共窗口成像系统的技术要求,研制了一种波长分离膜,实现通过共窗口的激光与远红外光分离成像,即1 064nm高反射、8~14μm高透射.分析薄膜的微观结构,研究了薄膜材料吸潮前后的折射率变化,结合光学薄膜理论,优化膜系结构.在薄膜应力的基础上,优化膜层厚度,提高薄膜牢固性.研制的分离膜,1064nm反射率为99.71%,8~12μm平均透过率为97.1%,12~14μm平均透过率为90.1%,满足户外环境中长期使用的要求.     

1 064, 532和680 nm波长的反射-吸收复合型防护膜的研制

 针对1 064, 532 和 680 nm波长激光， 以聚碳酸酯 （PC） 为镀膜基底， 钕玻璃激光中心波长为1 064 nm, 采用六分之一加三分之一膜系的反射膜系设计，以氧化锆为高折射率膜层材料，氯化酞菁铝掺杂的氧化硅为低折射率膜层材料，通过溶胶-凝胶法镀21层膜，并在多层反射膜与PC基底之间插入张力匹配层，实现了钕玻璃激光器1 064 nm主频和532 nm二倍频波长激光的反射，以及680 nm波长红宝石激光的同时吸收，1 064,532和680 nm波长处的透射率分别为1.67％，18.24％和2.4％。     

缓冲层对LBO晶体上1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤阈值的影响

采用电子束蒸发方法在LBO晶体上制备了无缓冲层和具有不同缓冲层的1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜.利用Lambda900分光光度计和调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能和抗激光损伤性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,所有样品在1 064 nm和532 nm波长的剩余反射率都分别小于0.1%和0.2%.与无缓冲层样品相比,采用SiO2和MgF2缓冲层薄膜的激光损伤阈值分别提高了23.1%和25.8%,而Al2O3缓冲层的插入却导致薄膜的激光损伤阈值降低.通过观察薄膜的激光损伤形貌,分析破斑的深度信息和电场分布,表明LBO晶体上1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤破坏主要表现为膜层剥落,激光产生的热冲击应力使薄膜应力发生很大变化,超过膜层之间的结合而引起膜层之间的分离.采用SiO2或MgF2缓冲层可改进Al2O3膜层的质量,从而有利于提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值.     

高性能三波长增透介质膜系研制

本文系统分析了传统单波长增透膜系的缺点,以镀膜材料在紫外、可见和近红外区域折射率数据为基础,通过研究膜系设计理论,优化设计了合适的膜系;通过制造修正挡板,以及优化离子源辅助沉积工艺,找到了能同时满足三波长增透的镀膜工艺,研制的三波长增透介质膜在1053nm和527nm处剩余反射小于0.5%,在351nm处剩余反射小于0.2%,且在空气中放置20天后,膜层温漂很小。     

用于355nm紫外激光器的消偏振二向色镜

采用离子束辅助电子束成膜,用双重膜厚监控方法监控各膜层厚度,制备了45°入射、808nm高反、1064nm高透的消偏振二向色镜,并用于全固态355nm激光器.将部分薄膜样品在250℃进行退火处理后,用Lambda950分光光度计测试该样品的光谱性能;用表面热透镜技术测量退火前后该样品的弱吸收值;用激光阈值损伤装置测试该样品在1064nm调Q激光下的损伤阈值;用NIKON显微镜观察样品在不同激光能量辐照下的破斑形貌.实验结果表明:波长为808nm和1 064nm时,薄膜透射率分别为0.04%和99.6%,符合设计要求,满足全固态355nm紫外激光器系统所要求的光学性能指标;退火后的弱吸收值较退火前有所降低;在激光作用下薄膜产生微破坏喷出,说明膜层不会向灾难性破坏演变.     

Accuracy design of ultra-low residual reflection coatings for laser optics

Refractive index inhomogeneity is one of the important characteristics of optical coating material, which is one of the key factors to produce loss to the ultra-low residual reflection coatings except using the refractive index inhomogeneity to obtain gradient-index coating. In the normal structure of antireflection coatings for center wavelength at 532 nm, the physical thicknesses of layer H and layer L are 22.18 nm and 118.86 nm, respectively. The residual reflectance caused by refractive index inhomogeneity(the degree of inhomogeneous is between -0.2 and 0.2) is about 200 ppm, and the minimum reflectivity wavelength is between 528.2 nm and 535.2 nm. A new numerical method adding the refractive index inhomogeneity to the spectra calculation was proposed to design the laser antireflection coatings, which can achieve the design of antireflection coatings with ppm residual reflection by adjusting physical thickness of the couple layers. When the degree of refractive index inhomogeneity of the layer H and layer L is-0.08 and 0.05 respectively, the residual reflectance increase from zero to 0.0769% at 532 nm. According to the above accuracy numerical method, if layer H physical thickness increases by 1.30 nm and layer L decrease by 4.50 nm, residual reflectance of thin film will achieve to 2.06 ppm. When the degree of refractive index inhomogeneity of the layer H and layer L is 0.08 and -0.05 respectively, the residual reflectance increase from zero to 0.0784% at 532 nm. The residual reflectance of designed thin film can be reduced to 0.8 ppm by decreasing the layer H of 1.55 nm while increasing the layer L of 4.94 nm.     

Colloidal subwavelength nanostructures for antireflection optical coatings

A two-dimensional (2D) subwavelength nanostructure for antireflection coating is fabricated upon a transparent substrate. Self-assembled 2D colloidal crystals are used as a nanoscale composite material with controlled thickness and low refractive index. The feature size of the structure is approximately 105 nm. The structure is used for antireflection coating, and the measured reflectivity of a glass substrate is reduced to 0.3%. Enhanced transmission through the substrate is also observed.     

基于时间控厚离子束溅射技术的宽带减反膜制备

 为了制备满足设计要求的宽角度、宽波段减反膜,利用离子束溅射沉积技术,在时间-功率控厚的模式下,对膜层沉积速率进行了精确修正。在实验中,利用时间-功率控厚的离子束溅射沉积技术,选择HfO₂和SiO₂作为高低折射率组合,在超抛ZF6玻璃基底上制备了宽角度、宽带减反膜,通过对实验后的透过率光谱曲线的数值反演计算,获得膜层厚度修正系数,初步得到了沉积速率随沉积时间变化的规律。利用修正后的沉积参数制备设计的膜系,在0°~30°入射角度下,600~1 200 nm波段的平均透过率达到99%以上。     

缓冲层对LBO晶体上1 064 nm|532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤阈值的影响

采用电子束蒸发方法在LBO晶体上制备了无缓冲层和具有不同缓冲层的1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜.利用Lambda900分光光度计和调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能和抗激光损伤性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,所有样品在1 064 nm和532 nm波长的剩余反射率都分别小于0.1％和0.2％.与无缓冲层样品相比,采用SiO2和MgF2缓冲层薄膜的激光损伤阈值分别提高了23.1％和25.8％,而Al2O3缓冲层的插入却导致薄膜的激光损伤阈值降低.通过观察薄膜的激光损伤形貌,分析破斑的深度信息和电场分布,表明LBO晶体上1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤破坏主要表现为膜层剥落,激光产生的热冲击应力使薄膜应力发生很大变化,超过膜层之间的结合而引起膜层之间的分离.采用SiO2或MgF2缓冲层可改进Al2O3膜层的质量,从而有利于提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值.     

缓冲层对LBO晶体上1 064 nm，532 nm增透膜附着力的影响

 采用电子束蒸发方法在LBO晶体上制备了无缓冲层和具有不同缓冲层的1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜。利用分光光度计、纳米力学综合测试系统以及调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能、附着力以及抗激光损伤性能进行了测试分析。结果表明：所有样品在1 064 nm和532 nm波长的剩余反射率都分别小于0.1％和0.2％;与无缓冲层样品相比,预镀Al₂O₃缓冲层样品的附着力提高了43.1％,具有SiO₂缓冲层样品的附着力显著提高,而MgF₂缓冲层的插入却导致薄膜附着力降低。应用全塑性压痕理论和剪切理论对薄膜的附着力增强机制进行了分析。薄膜的抗激光损伤性能分析表明,SiO₂缓冲层也有助于改进薄膜的激光损伤阈值。     

Enhanced laser induced damage threshold of dielectric antireflection coatings by the introduction of one interfacial layer

A new method for increasing laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) of dielectric antireflection (AR) coating is proposed. Compared with AR film stack of H2.5L (H:HfO2, L:SiO2) on BK7 substrate, SiO2 interfacial layer with four quarter wavelength optical thickness (QWOT) is deposited on the substrate before the preparation of H2.5L film. It is found that the introduction of SiO2 interfacial layer with a certain thickness is effective and flexible to increase the LIDT of dielectric AR coatings. The measured LIDT is enhanced by about 50%, while remaining the low reflectivity with less than 0.09% at the center wavelength of 1064 nm. Detailed mechanisms of the LIDT enhancement are discussed.     

Design and preparation of frequency doubling antireflection coating with different thicknesses of interlayer for LiB3O5 crystal

Design and preparation of frequency doubling antireflection coating with different thicknesses of interlayer were investigated for LiB3O5 (LBO) substrate. The design was based on the vector method. The thickness of the inserted SiO2 interlayer could be changed in a wide range for the four-layer design with two zeros at 1064 and 532 nm. The coatings without any interlayer and with 0.1 quarter-wave (λ/4), 0.3 λ/4, 0.5 λ/4 SiO2 interlayer were deposited respectively on LBO by using electron beam evaporation technique.All the prepared coatings with SiO2 interlayer indicated satisfying optical behavior. This expanded our option for the thickness of an interlayer when coating on LBO substrate. The prepared films with SiO2 interlayer showed better adhesion than that without any interlayer. The thickness of the interlayer affected the adhesion, the adhesion for the coating with 0.5 λ/4 SiO2 interlayer was not as good as the other two.