矿化剂浓度和温度对水热法合成氧化锌晶体形态的影响

采用水热法，通过改变矿化剂浓度和温度合成了具有不同形态的氧化锌晶体。在较低的温度(350℃)，填充度为35％。矿化剂KOH浓度小于2mol／L时，只合成了氧化锌微晶。当矿化剂KOH浓度大于3mol/L时，合成出多种形态氧化锌晶体，大的晶体达到几十到几百微米，小晶体仅几微米。当矿化剂KOH浓度从4mol／L增加到5mol／L时，晶体的大小没有明显改变。在高矿化剂条件下合成的晶体显露完整的晶面结构，主要显露柱面m{1010}、锥面p{1011}、负极面O面{0001}，有时也显露Zn面{0001}。晶体表面出现斑坑，显示出晶体的表面缺陷。在430℃，填充度为35％，矿化剂KOH浓度大于1．5moL／L时。合成了多种形态氧化锌晶体，大晶体有几十到几百微米，小晶体仅几微米。当矿化剂KOH浓度为2mol／L，KBr浓度为lmol/L时，最大晶体的长度达到1mm。矿化剂KOH浓度为4mol/L时，晶体没有增大。粒度较大的氧化锌晶体形状多为六棱锥体，显露柱面m{1010}、锥面p{1011}、负极面O面{0001}。晶体表面光滑，完整性好。质量高于350℃时合成的晶体。     

K_5Bi_(0.9)Er_(0.1)(MoO_4)_4的晶体生长和光学性质

在化学计量的熔料里,用提拉法生长了K_5Bi_(0.9)Er_(0.1)(MoO_4)_4单晶。该晶体属于三方晶系,空间群为Rm,z=1.5,晶胞参数为a=6.029,c=20.823(六方表示)。晶体具有层状结构,沿着(0001)面容易解理。晶体在室温下的吸收光谱包括有若干条吸收带,它们是稀土离子所特有的。其中三个主要的吸收峰分别相当于从Er~(3+)离子的基态~4I_(15/2)向~4G_(11/2),~2H_(11/2)和~4I_(13/2)能级的跃迁。本文还给出晶体中相当于~4I_(13/2)→~4I_(15/2)跃迁的荧光发射光谱。     

氧氩比对钴掺杂氧化锌薄膜光电性能的影响

以氧化锌陶瓷靶和金属钴靶为靶材,利用磁控共溅射方法制备钴掺杂氧化锌(Co-ZnO)薄膜。研究了氧氩比对薄膜的结构、光学和电学性能的影响。结果表明:薄膜具有类似于ZnO的六方纤锌矿结构,并沿c轴择优生长;当氧氩比为2:8时,薄膜具有较好的纳米晶粒和表面结构,其霍尔迁移率为2.188×104cm2/V·s,最小电阻率为1.326×104Ω·cm,其薄膜透光率最高,且在紫外区有一个相对较强的发射峰。     

Nd3+:NaLa(WO4)2晶体的生长和光学性质

用双坩埚法从高温溶液里生长出线度达7 mm的Nd3 : NaLa(WO4)2晶体.扫描电子显微镜的观察结果表明,虽然在晶体冷却过程中经历了两个相变,但相变并未造成晶体开裂;样品的X射线衍射花样可以看出,所得晶体为纯低温四方相的Nd3 :NaLa(WO4)2．在室温下对晶体的光吸收和光发射作了测量,发现晶体在804 nm有个半高宽达到23 nm的宽吸收峰．讨算出晶体在804 nm处的吸收截面为7．24×10-20 cm2,在1057 nm处的发射截面为6．54×10-20 cm2．     

掺钴氧化锌稀磁半导体的SEM及X射线能谱微分析研究

采用水热法,以CoCl₂·6H₂O为前驱物,KOH作为矿化剂合成了掺钴氧化锌稀磁半导体晶体。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(XREDS)对合成晶体的微观形貌、表面及内部掺杂元素Co的相对含量和分布的均匀性进行了研究。研究结果表明：水热法合成的掺Co氧化锌晶体具有多种微观形貌,较大的晶体具有极性生长特性。随晶体形貌不同,显露面也发生了相应改变。不同微观形貌的晶体其Co含量有所差异,较大的晶体掺杂Co元素相对含量大于较小的晶体,+c(1011)显露面Co元素的含量比+c(1010)面高,锥柱状晶体其区别尤为明显。大的晶体内部存在着少量的氧化钴团簇,晶体表面与晶体内部Co元素分布相对均匀。由于Co2+具有磁性,因此,氧化钴团簇的存在将对氧化锌稀磁半导体晶体的磁性产生一定的影响。     

铌酸锶钠锂单晶电光、热电、介电和压电性能

文本研究了用提拉法生长的铌酸锶钠锂(Sr₄NaLiNb₁₀O₃₀)晶体的电光、热电、介电和压电性能。其半波电压与温度的关系与晶体中锂含量密切相关。测得其室温下的热电系数与Ba～0.5的Sr_1-xBa_xNb₂O₆晶体相当,～7×10^-8C/cm²·K。已极化的晶体几乎检测不到退极化现象。将其作成热电器件,其探测度D^*不小于1.7×10⁷Hz^1/2·cm/W。文中还描述了其介电和某些压电性能。 关键词：     

K5Bi0.9Er0.1(MoO4)4的晶体生长和光学性质

在化学计量的熔料里,用提拉法生长了K₅Bi_0.9Er_0.1(MoO₄)₄单晶。该晶体属于三方晶系,空间群为R3m,z=1.5,晶胞参数为a=6.029?,c=20.823?(六方表示)。晶体具有层状结构,沿着(0001)面容易解理。晶体在室温下的吸收光谱包括有若干条吸收带,它们是稀土离子所特有的。其中三个主要的吸收峰分别相当于从Er³⁺离子的基态 ⁴I_15/2向 ⁴G_11/2, ²H_11/2和 ⁴I_13/2能级的跃迁。本文还给出晶体中相当于 ⁴I_13/2→ ⁴I_15/2跃迁的荧光发射光谱。 关键词：     

柔性衬底上ALD法低温制备的ZnO薄膜的光学和电学特性(英文)

以二乙基锌和水分别作为金属前驱体和反应物,利用原子层沉积方法(ALD)在柔性衬底上生长ZnO薄膜,讨论了生长温度对薄膜特性的影响。用AFM、XRD和HALL等对薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构和电学性质进行表征,并且用PL光谱表征了其光学特性。实验结果表明,随着生长温度(低温下)的升高,薄膜的晶体质量和光学特性得到改善。当生长温度为170℃时,薄膜呈现良好的c轴择优取向,且具有较高的电子浓度(5.62×1019cm-3)和电子迁移率(28.2 cm2·V-1·s-1)。     

脉冲激光沉积法（PLD）生长Co掺杂ZnO薄膜及其磁学性能

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在单晶Si(100)及石英衬底上生长Co掺杂ZnO薄膜,并且比较了不同生长条件下薄膜的性能。实验观察到了700℃、0.02Pa氧压气氛下生长的Co掺杂ZnO薄膜显示室温磁滞回线。采用XRD、SEM等手段对Co掺杂ZnO薄膜的晶体结构及微观形貌进行了分析,得到的ZnO薄膜具有高度的c轴择优取向,结构比较致密,表面平整度较高,并且没有发现Co的相关分相,初步表明Co有效地掺入了ZnO的晶格当中。霍尔测试表明Co掺杂ZnO薄膜样品保持了半导体的电学性能,电阻率为0.04Ω·cm左右,载流子浓度约为1018/cm3,迁移率都在18.7cm2/V·s以上。实验结果表明材料保持了ZnO半导体的性能,并具有室温铁磁性。     

掺重稀土钒酸钇RE∶YVO_4晶体的光谱性质

采用Czochralski法生长了均匀透明的Tm :YVO4,Tm :Er:YVO4和Tm :Yb :YVO4晶体 ,测量了其室温下吸收光谱 ,研究了晶体中掺杂稀土离子的光谱性质。根据Judd Ofelt理论拟合出晶体场唯象强度参数 :Ω2=1 13× 10 -2 0 cm2 ,Ω4=1 6 3× 10 -2 0 cm2 ,Ω6=0 6 5× 10 -2 0 cm2 。     

光子晶体光纤和波导

文章简述了光子晶体光纤和光子晶体波导的类型,导光原理及制作方法等,展示了近年来它们的进展及重要的应用前景。     

一维磁性光子晶体的电磁场分析和数值计算

本文探讨一维磁性光子晶体的概念和结构.提出了一种分析一维磁性光子晶体的法拉第旋转效应的电磁场方法.分析计算表明:嵌于光子晶体中的一层很薄的磁性材料将可获得比单独一层同样厚度的磁性材料大得多的法拉第旋转效应,从而从理论上验证了文献上的相关实验.同时也分析了一维磁性光子晶体用作光子晶体结构下的光隔离器等器件中的法拉第旋转器的可能.     

Growth and Crystallization Habit of a Novel Substrate Crystal LiGaO_2

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Building the pyramids: perfect bubble crystals

Abstract

The use of appropriate flat-sided pyramidal containers to grow ordered foams allows single crystals to be formed. In the case of face-centred cubic crystals, these have been prepared with up to 500 bubbles. Strained and deliberately defective crystals can also be grown. The growth of simple cubic and body-centred cubic crystals is limited by instability; preliminary results are presented for these, as well as ordered bidisperse foams.     

Observations of defect propagation in [100]-oriented opal-type photonic crystals

Charged colloidal suspensions have been used as experimental models for the study of crystal nucleation. Here we propose that the technique of template-assisted colloidal self-assembly can be used to visualize the effects of defect propagation in atomic crystal films produced using epitaxial growth. Templates with periodic line defects were used to grow [100]-oriented three-dimensional photonic crystals by means of the template-assisted colloidal self-assembly method, aided by capillary and gravitational forces. The defect propagation in the [100]-oriented photonic crystal was observed using scanning electron microscopy, both at the surface of the crystal and on cleaved facets. This method is useful in the understanding of defect propagation in the growth of colloidal films on templates - and the same approach may also prove useful for the understanding of atomic crystal growth on substrates with defects. Additionally, the deliberate incorporation of line defects may prove valuable as a way of introducing waveguide channels into three-dimensional photonic crystals.     

新型激光晶体Yb:KY(WO4)2的结构与光谱

采用顶部籽晶提拉法，以K₂W₂O₇为助溶剂，生长了Yb:KY(WO₄)₂新型激光晶体.经热重-差热分析，确定晶体熔点为1045℃，相变温度为1010℃.X射线粉末衍射测试，验证所生长的晶体为β-Yb:KY(WO₄)₂.晶体结构分析确定Yb:KY(WO₄)₂晶体由WO₆八面体连接而成，WO₆八面体是由双氧桥(WOOW)及单氧桥(WOW)构成.晶体粉末样品室温下的红外及拉曼光谱测试，确定WO₆原子基团、双氧桥及单氧桥的振动频率.晶体的吸收峰位于940nm，980nm，发射峰位于989nm—1030nm. 关键词： 晶体结构 光谱 晶体生长     

Flexomagnetoelectric interaction in cubic,tetragonal and orthorhombic crystals

The phenomenological theory of the flexomagnetoelectric coupling in crystals of the cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic crystal systems has been suggested. Secondary role of the crystal structure chirality was shown. Oppositely, significant role of the crystallographic point group type (symmetric, alternating, dihedral or cyclic) in the flexomagnetoelectric coupling has been derived. It was shown, that conceptually new features of the flexomagnetoelectric effects are expected in the crystals of the cyclic groups (crystal classes 4/m, 4? and 4). Proposed verification of the theory is investigation of the domain wall bend details (changes of the effect symmetry). Special case of such verification near the compensation point is suggested. First-principles mechanisms of the flexomagnetoelectric interaction were discussed.     

Growth Rates of Edge-on Lamellar Crystals Confined in Polymer Thin Films

The growth rates of edge-on lamellar polymer crystals in variable thickness films were investigated in terms of dynamic Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The growth rates linearly decreased with decreasing film thickness for the thinner films and were nearly constant for the thicker films. The mean stem lengths (crystal thickness) were also constant in different thickness films. The crystal widths parallel to the film thickness increased more slowly with increasing film thickness in the thinner films than that in the thicker films, indicating they were restrained by the film thickness. We propose that the growth rate of edge-on lamellar crystals in thin films is dominanted by the crystal width in the thinner films and by the crystal thickness in the thicker films; the variation of the film thickness can change the three-dimensional shape of the crystal growth front, also affecting the growth rate of the edge-on lamellar crystal.     

Advances in vanadate laser crystals at a lasing wavelength of 1 micrometer

Sapphire, garnet and vanadate crystals are the most prominent optical materials, and vanadates play important roles in optics, especially in lasers and nonlinear optics. Neodymium‐doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO₄) is representative and available commercially. Based on Nd:YVO₄, several vanadate crystals are being developed with the goal of fulfilling the need for differential applications and improvement of certain operational aspects, such as with pulsed lasers or high‐power continuous‐wave lasers. In recent years, some important effects, including energy enhancement, bistability of output performance, self‐Raman frequency shifting, etc., and some novel applications, such as quantum optics, pulsed lasers modulated by the two‐dimensional crystals, etc., have been discovered with vanadates as gain materials. In this paper, the preparation, characterization and laser applications of vanadate laser crystals at the lasing wavelength of 1 micrometer, including YVO₄, GdVO₄, LuVO₄, Gd_xY_1–xVO₄ and Lu_xGd_1–xVO₄ (0 < x < 1) doped with Nd³⁺ and ytterbium (Yb³⁺) are systematically reviewed by highlighting the most recent research progress. Their specific properties are presented, generation mechanisms of novel physical effects are discussed, new applications are given and possible future applications proposed by focusing on some potential strengths.     

NaCl structure in a mixture of silica and gold sols

The formation of an NaCl structure in a mixture of a monodisperse silica sol with particle diameter of 5300 A and a gold sol with average particle size of 800 A is described. The mixture was left still for a month, and the particles settled to form a dense layer at the bottom, where phase separation appeared. In the ordered phase only gold particles were observed microscopically as bright spots at their individual lattice points, being arranged in hexagonal or in square pattern. From the distance between the particles in the square pattern and hexagonal pattern, the lattice type for gold particles was concluded to be fcc. Further, it was known that four gold particles forming a square hold one silica particle in its center. On these grounds, the entire lattice was concluded to be of the NaCl-type.