多波长飞秒激光激发下GaAs纳米线SHG特性研究

本文基于有限元法研究了直立生长于GaAs衬底的GaAs纳米线的光场响应和光场增强性质. 实验使用多个波长的飞秒激光脉冲激发GaAs纳米线, 测得了较高效率的二次谐波信号, 并首次使用宽带超连续飞秒脉冲 (1000–1300 nm) 在纳米线上获取了宽带、无杂散荧光噪声的二次谐波信号. 这种高效的二次谐波产生过程主要归因于纳米结构引起的局域场增强效应. 本文阐明了GaAs纳米线的二次谐波倍频特性, 这些结果对于其在纳米光学中的光器件、 光集成等领域的进一步研究和实际应用具有很好的参考价值. 关键词： GaAs纳米线 二次谐波 飞秒激光     

两种典型转换条件下的二次谐波系统在浑沌态下的光子统计

分别在好腔和坏腔两种典型的谐波转换条件下,数值分析了调制泵浦作用下的二次谐波产生系统的浑沌动力学行为.运用文献1给出的方法,在新的条件下研究了系统在浑沌态下的光子统计,结果表明仍为超Poisson分布,而且在某些情况下,浑沌态光场的光子数相对涨落甚至比热光场的光子数相对涨落还要大.最后得出了普遍性的结论;二次谐波系统在浑沌态下的光子统计为形式丰富多样的超Poisson分布,浑沌光场是一种强度高、涨落大的光场.     

高数值孔径二次谐波显微术的分子取向探测

基于矢量衍射理论和格林函数法,利用坐标变换分析高数值孔径条件下二次谐波强度随胶原纤维取向的变化规律.研究结果表明,当胶原纤维垂直于z轴时,聚焦光场Ey、Ez分量的增强导致二次谐波相对强度极小值的上升；随着胶原纤维极角的改变,二次谐波强度的整体变化趋势发生变化,同时前向和后向二次谐波之间的强度变化也出现明显差异.     

级联倍频过程中谐波场量子噪声压缩的增强

压缩态光场是连续变量量子信息科学研究的重要资源。本文提出了一种利用级联的单共振倍频系统提高压缩度的方案,研究表明两次倍频分别产生的二次谐波与四次谐波场为压缩态光场,且四次谐波场的压缩度比二次谐波场提高了大约3dB。我们还研究了两个谐波场的压缩度随泵浦场衰减率、泵浦功率的变化关系。该系统不仅可以增强压缩态光场的压缩度,而且能将压缩光拓展到更短的波长区域。此外,通过对波长1 014.8nm的基频光进行四倍频获得与汞原子吸收线波长相对应的压缩光场,对量子存储、光谱测量和光频标具有实用价值。     

二倍频晶体温升分布对输出光场分布的影响

 利用分步快速傅里叶变换和四阶龙格-库塔法,对具有一定温升分布的倍频晶体的二次谐波转换过程进行了研究。综合考虑了谐波转换过程中的离散、衍射、二阶、三阶非线性等效应,着重讨论了倍频晶体吸收光能后,晶体内温升分布对晶体内o光和e光的折射率分布的影响,定量分析了温度分布引起的相位失配量、输出光场分布、二次谐波转换效率随倍频晶体温度分布变化的规律。结果表明:在高功率倍频系统中,倍频晶体温升分布引起基频光、倍频光的相位失配,相位失配导致输出光场光强分布的变化以及谐波转换效率的降低。     

二次谐波系统在浑沌态下的光子统计

数值分析了调制泵浦作用下的二次谐波产生系统的浑沌动力学行为.考虑到混沌运动的遍历性,提出一种研究浑沌态光场光子统计的数值方法,即通过数值积分求解系统动力学方程估计光子数的系统平均.运用这一方法于二次谐波系统,计算了其在浑沌态下的光子统计分布,结果表明是一种超Poisson分布.     

基于导波驱动相变材料超构表面的基波及二次谐波聚焦

利用超构表面优异的波前调控能力将片上光子集成电路对光场的操控拓展至自由空间是当前一项重要课题.本文采用传输相位方法设计了一种基于波导模式激发的内嵌式超构表面,其相位分布同时满足导模的基频以及二倍频的聚焦.在此基础上,将内嵌式材料限定为相变材料,结合其在不同相态时的折射率差异,通过仿真手段实现了两种相态下分别针对于基波和二次谐波的聚焦.在基波(或二次谐波)实现高质量聚焦时,焦点处二次谐波(或基波)的成分得到了很大程度上的抑制,更有利于后续完全滤波.进一步地,通过在波导层底面嵌入与顶面完全相同的超构表面,并横向错开半个周期,最终将关于基波聚焦和二次谐波聚焦的器件效率提升为原先单阵列情形的2.2倍和3.7倍.本文的研究为导波驱动(或激发)超构表面的线性及非线性多功能复合调控提供了一种新的可能途径.     

圆锥面PVDF聚焦换能器的非线性声场理论及实验研究

圆锥面聚焦换能器可在超声成像中获得较好径向分辨率的同时提高探测深度.利用高斯声源函数叠加法来近似表示圆锥面聚焦声源的分布函数，结合近轴近似的KZK方程，得到了圆锥面聚焦换能器在损耗媒质中产生的基波、二次谐波声场的解析解.在实验上制作了PVDF圆锥面聚焦换能器，测量了圆锥面聚焦换能器的基波及二次谐波声场，实验结果和理论计算相符.     

基于闪烁体3D剂量测量系统中光场重聚焦位置的标定方法

放疗中基于闪烁体光场成像的3D剂量测量方法是，利用光场相机对射线在闪烁体沉积能量所产生的闪烁光进行拍照，给出每一个聚焦层的光分布后进行三维重建，进而得出剂量的三维分布。光场相机所获取图像的重聚焦位置影响闪烁光三维重建的准确性，作者提出利用棋盘格标定板进行重聚焦位置标定的方法。使用Lytro Illum光场相机拍摄置于已知位置的棋盘格标定板，经光场数据处理得到焦点堆栈序列，利用刃边法得到所有重聚焦像的高斯离焦参数σ，经比较后获得最小σ对应的重聚焦参数α，最终给出若干α和重聚焦位置的对应关系，最终完成重聚焦位置标定。与常用的刻度尺标定方法相比，高斯离焦参数减小2%～10%，有利于放疗3D剂量测量精度的提高。     

二维矩形波导管中的非线性声传播

本文采用部分波和二阶微扰理论对二维矩形波导管内声波的非线性传播问题进行了研究。由二次谐波的边界条件和初始条件，可得到物理图象清晰、便于计算的二次谐波声场解析式。结果表明，不同基波传播模式间的相互作用不存在二阶非线性，管内任意振幅分布的稳态激发源产生的二次谐波为各个模式二次谐波之和，且二次谐波声场分布具有对称性。     

采用光栅角色散的宽带二倍频及聚焦特性分析

针对带宽为20 nm左右、中心波长为1 053 nm的线性啁啾宽带激光,分析了采用光栅角色散方式宽带二倍频的原理,讨论了光栅角色散性能及光栅加工误差引入的基频光位相扰动对二倍频光转换效率及聚焦特性的影响.研究结果表明:采用光栅角色散方式的宽带二倍频光的转换效率、脉冲宽度和带宽均明显增大;在0～22 nm基频光带宽范围内,二倍频光均可保持80％左右的转换效率;对于入射基频光带宽为22 nm的情况,光栅角色散率在30～80 μrad/nm范围内变化时,宽带二倍频转换效率均可保持在70％以上;基频光有位相扰动时,二倍频光带宽对二倍频聚焦光斑的主瓣影响不大,但对旁瓣有一定的匀滑作用,采用光栅角色散方式宽带二倍频的聚焦光斑旁瓣的匀滑效果更为明显.     

Study of second-harmonic generation of shear horizontal modes using modal analysis

In this work a modal analysis was employed to study generation of the second harmonics of shear horizontal (SH) modes in a solid plate. Under second order perturbation, second-harmonic generation will occur accompanying SH mode propagation due to the bulk elastic non-linearity of plate material. In solid plate the total second-harmonic fields of a SH mode propagation are regarded as sum of the fields of a series of double frequency Lamb modes (DFLMs). The contribution of each DFLM component to the total second-harmonic fields is dependent of the difference of phase velocities of the corresponding DFLM and SH mode. The analysis results show that the DFLM field component may have cumulative growth effect once its phase velocity exactly or approximately equals that of a SH mode. It is also found that the fields of the total second harmonics of a SH mode are only symmetrical. The examples of field distributions of several DFLMs on the plate surface are considered.     

Optical second harmonic generation induced by picosecond terahertz pulses in centrosymmetric antiferromagnet NiO

Optical second harmonic generation at the photon energy of 2?ω = 2eV in the model centrosymmetric antiferromagnet NiO irradiated with picosecond terahertz pulses (0.4–2.5 THz) at room temperature is detected. The analysis of experimental results shows that induced optical second harmonic generation at the moment of the impact of a terahertz pulse arises through the electric dipole mechanism of the interaction of the electric field of a pump pulse with the electron subsystem of NiO. Temporal changes in optical second harmonic generation during 7 ps after the action of the pulse are also of an electric dipole origin and are determined by the effects of propagation of the terahertz pulse in a NiO platelet. Coherent oscillations of spins at the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency induced by the magnetic component of the terahertz pulse induce a relatively weak modulation of magnetic dipole optical second harmonic generation.     

Generation of reflected second-harmonic light beam with inhomogeneous transversal distribution of polarization from the surface of chiral medium by normally incident Gaussian beam

A principle possibility of second harmonic generation (SHG) from the surface of a chiral medium by normally incident focused fundamental beam has been shown earlier, and the key features of this phenomenon (forbidden in a planewave approximation) have been outlined in [N.I. Koroteev, V.A. Makarov, S.N. Volkov, Laser Phys. 8 (1998) 532-535]. In our work we have obtained analytical expressions, which describe the distributions of intensity and polarization in the cross-section of a second-harmonic (SH) light beam. It is found that the polarization state drastically changes along the cross-section of the signal light beam. The polarization effects concerning the transversal inhomogeneous polarization distribution were studied in detail. It is shown that the measurement of the polarization state in certain areas of the SH beam cross-section gives us quantitative information directly about the medium material constants.     

Second harmonic generation of metal nanoparticles under tightly focused illumination

The near-field and far-field second harmonic(SH) responses of a metal spherical nanoparticle placed in the focal region of a highly focused beam are investigated by using the calculation model based on three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method. The results show that off-axis backward-propagating SH response can be reinforced by tightly focusing, due to the increase of the relative magnitude of the longitudinal field component and the phase shift along the propagation direction.     

Optical harmonic generation in amorphous silicon nitride microcavities

Second harmonic (SH) and third harmonic (TH) generation in amorphous silicon nitride microcavity are experimentally investigated. The transmitted SH and TH signals are measured in the 0.9-1.4 μm spectral range, showing enhanced nonlinear conversion efficiency corresponding to resonant wavelength and optical band edges. The efficiencies of the SH and TH generation processes are found to be enhanced by about two and one orders of magnitude, respectively, in comparison with the case of reference amorphous silicon nitride sample. The SH spectra can be reasonably interpreted as due to surface/interface harmonic generation, while the TH signal is related to bulk isotropic third-order polarization. The results obtained for the TH signal are discussed in terms of the linear optical properties of amorphous silicon nitride thin films.     

中心对称萘酞菁分子二次谐波产生的实验研究

研究了三种萘酞菁化合物LB膜的制备,并通过二次谐波产生的方法研究了单个对称取代的萘酞菁化合物及双(四叔丁基萘酞菁)铒的二阶非线性光学特性,并对它们的产生机理进行了简单的讨论.单个对称取代的萘酞菁化合物,它们的二次谐波产生机制为磁偶极子耦合机制,双(四叔丁基萘酞菁)铒的二阶非线性光学特性起源于电四极子模型,且它的二阶非线性极化率χ(2)(或超极化率β)大于单个萘酞菁化合物.     

Second harmonic generation in α-Si:H thin films: Thickness dependence

The second harmonic generation (SHG) technique has been applied to investigate the nonlinear optical properties of thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a glass substrate. SHG measurements have been performed in two transmission experimental schemes. Modeling of a film as a three-layer structure and considering the interference and absorption at the SH wavelength have been carried out. The dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility on the film thickness was used to separate the bulk electric dipole contribution.     

Observation of a near-surface structural phase transition in SrTiO3 by optical second harmonic generation

A near-surface structural phase transition on a SrTiO3 single crystal, occurring at T(*) about 45 K above the bulk cubic-to-tetragonal transition, is observed by means of optical second harmonic generation. The temperature dependence of the second harmonic field in the vicinity of T(*) is described with a phenomenological Landau-type model.     

固体板中SH板波非线性效应的实验观察

采用微扰近似和导波的模式展开分析方法,从理论上简要分析了SH板波的二次谐波发生效应;尽管在无限大固体介质中单个切变波的二次谐波发生效应非常微弱,但在一定条件下由两个切变波构成的SH板波可具有强烈的非线性效应;本文的主要工作就是对此结论加以实验验证。试制了激发SH板波的切变波斜劈换能器和接收二次谐波信号的液体斜劈换能器,建立了非线性SH板波的实验研究系统;通过详细的理论分析和对比实验研究,阐明了在一定条件下实验观察到的显著二次谐波信号来源于SH板波传播过程中的强烈非线性效应。此外,针对不同的SH板波传播距离,在远场条件下分别测量了相应的二次谐波幅频曲线;在基频SH板波与二倍频对称兰姆波相速度相等所对应的频率值附近,分析了二次谐波的振幅随传播距离的变化关系,结果证明在一定条件下SH板波的二次谐波振幅可随传播距离积累增长,即SH板波可具有强烈的非线性效应。