双温度氦等离子体输运性质计算

获得覆盖较宽温度和压力范围内的等离子体输运性质是进行等离子体传热和流动过程数值模拟的必要条件.本文采用Saha方程计算等离子体组分, 采用基于将Chapman-Enskog方法扩展到高阶近似的方法, 计算获得了电子温度(T_e)不等于重粒子温度(T_h)的情形下, 在300 K到40000 K的温度范围内氦等离子体的黏性、热导率和电导率. 研究结果表明压力和热力学非平衡参数(θ =T_e/T_h)对氦等离子体的输运性质有较大的影响. 在局域热力学平衡条件下,计算获得的氦等离子体输运性质和文献报道的数据符合良好.     

New aspects on URu2Si2 and CeTIn5 (T=Rh, Ir, Co) observed by high pressure NMR and NQR

NMR and NQR studies on two interesting systems (URu₂Si₂, CeTIn₅) were performed under high pressure. (1) URu₂Si₂: In the pressure range 3.0 to 8.3 kbar, we have observed new ²⁹Si NMR signals arising from the antiferromagnetic (AF) region besides the previously observed ²⁹Si NMR signals which come from the paramagnetic (PM) region in the sample. This gives definite evidence for spatially-inhomogeneous development of AF ordering below T ₀ of 17.5 K. The volume fraction is enhanced by applied pressure, whereas the value of internal field (∼91 mT) remains constant up to 8.3 kbar. In the AF region, the ordered moment is about one order of magnitude larger than 0.03 μB. (2) CeTIn₅: The pressure and temperature (T) dependences of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T ₁ of ¹¹⁵In in CeTIn₅ have shown that the superconductivity (SC) occurs close to an AF instability. From the T dependences of 1/T ₁ and Knight shift below T _c. CeTIn₅ has been found to exhibit non-s wave (probable d wave) SC with even parity and line nodes in the SC energy gap.     

正交LiMnO2中的重入自旋玻璃行为

用水热技术合成了单相正交LiMnO₂(o-LiMnO₂)粉末，X射线衍射表明其空间群为Pmnm.X射线衍射精修结果指出该材料存在少量的阳离子无序，但这种无序对材料的磁性没有表现出明显的影响.静态和动态的磁性研究结果表明o-LiMnO₂中存在重入自旋玻璃行为，即在T≤T_C≈118K，反铁磁态转向铁磁态，在T≤T_f≈50K，铁磁态又转向自旋倾斜玻璃态.     

Magnetic entropy change and large refrigerant capacity of Ce6i2Si3-type GdCoSiGe compound

Magnetic entropy change (Δ S_M) and refrigerant capacity (RC) of Ce₆Ni₂Si₃-type Gd₆Co_1.67Si_2.5Ge_0.5 compounds have been investigated. The Gd₆Co_1.67Si_2.5Ge_0.5 undergoes a reversible second-order phase transition at the Curie temperature T_C = 296 K. The high saturation magnetization leads to a large Δ S_M and the maximal value of Δ S_M is found to be 5.9 J/kg,cdot,K around T_C for a field change of 0--5 T. A broad distribution of the Δ S_M peak is observed and the full width at half maximum of the Δ S_M peak is about 101 K under a magnetic field of 5 T. The large RC is found around T_C and its value is 424 J/kg.     

PH, PD和PT分子常数理论研究

采用内收缩多参考组态相互作用(MRCI)方法和包含Davidson修正(+Q) 的MRCI方法结合相关一致基aug-cc-pV5Z研究了PH (X³Σ^-, a¹Δ和A³∏)分子的势能曲线. 在同位素质量识别的基础上对势能曲线进行拟合, 得到PH, PD和PT分子各个电子态的光谱常数(T_e, R_e, ω_e, ω_ex_e, α_e和 B_e). 通过与已有实验数据的比较发现, 本文的结果与实验结果非常一致. 对于PH, PD和PT分子的Σ^-电子态, 计算得到了J = 0时的前12个振动态. 对于每一个振动态, 还分别计算了它的振动能级、惯性转动常数和离心畸变常数. 与其他理论结果和实验数据进行比较可知, 本文的结果更精确、更完整. 文中PD和PT分子的光谱常数和分子常数均属首次报导.     

Superconductivities and structural properties of ternary Tiben Zrben Ta alloys

Superconductivities and structural properties of Ti-Zr-Ta ternary alloys are extensively investigated. The TiZrTa sample has a cubic structure (β -phase) and shows a sharp superconducting transition at a critical temperature (T_c) of about 7.3 K. In addition, two series of Ti-Zr-Ta alloys, with nominal compositions of Ti_65-xZr₃₅Ta_x and Ti_xZr_65-xTa₃₅ respectively, are prepared, and their superconductivities and crystal structures change regularly with the chemical composition. Our experimental study also indicates that the annealing processing of this kind of material can cause the transition temperature to increase and the highest T_c is observed to be about 8.3 K in annealed samples.     

光纤光栅温度传感的非线性现象

对光纤光栅温度传感反射波长相对漂移量与温度改变量的非线性问题进行了详细研究.通过对实验曲线的多项式拟合,求出了光纤光栅反射中心波长相对漂移量Δλ_C/λ_C与温度改变量ΔT的解析式,用对比法得到了温度灵敏度系数η表达式.取样计算表明:多项式能更好地反映Δλ_C/λ_C与ΔT的关系,证明了温度灵敏度系数η不是常量,而是随温度增加缓慢增大.     

Spectral dependence of photoinduced optical absorption in doped yttrium iron garnet single crystals

The photoinduced optical absorption α of doped yttrium iron garnets (YIG) is investigated. It is found that the optical absorption α at a wavelength of 1.1 μm depends on the wavelength of irradiating light in the range 0.6–1.9 μm. It is demonstrated that, in the Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ crystal with an acceptor Ba impurity, the photoinduced increase in α is due to the formation of Fe⁴⁺ ions in octahedral sites. The charge transfer occurs through photoexcitation of the ⁶ A _1g (⁶ S) → ⁴ T _1g (⁴ G) and ⁶ A _1g (⁶ S) → ⁴ T _2g (⁴ G) transitions of octahedral Fe³⁺ ions. In the crystal with a donor Si impurity, the increase in α is caused by the formation of Fe²⁺ ions upon photoionization of silicon. __________ Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 43, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1233–1235. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2001 by Doroshenko, Nadezhdin.     

波段外激光辐照光导型InSb探测器的一种新现象

利用不同功率密度的10.6 μm(光子能量为0.12 eV)连续激光辐照了禁带宽度为0.228 eV的光导型锑化铟探测器, 得到了与以往报道不同的实验现象. 当10.6 μm波段外激光辐照光导型探测器时, 探测器吸收激光能量后温度升高. 在探测器的温升过程中, 存在一个转变温度T₀. 当探测器的温度T<T₀时, 载流子浓度基本不变, 迁移率随温度的升高呈T^-2.35趋势下降, 引起探测器的电导率减小, 电阻增大, 响应输出电压升高; 当T>T₀时, 热激发载流子浓度随温度的升高呈指数增长, 电阻急剧下降, 超过了载流子迁移率降低对电阻的影响, 响应输出急剧下降. 光电导探测器在较高功率密度波段外激光辐照下的响应特性是载流子的浓度和迁移率在温度影响下相互作用的结果. 这对进一步完善半导体内载流子输运模型提供了实验依据.     

低温胁迫下香蕉叶片Chla荧光动力学参量的变化及其品种差异性

低温胁迫下,广东2号香蕉品种和巴西香蕉品种Williams的叶绿素(Chla)荧光动力学参量F_Ⅴ/F_m、ΔF_Ⅴ/F_T以及williams品种的F_IV/F_Ⅴ均呈下降趋势,两个品种的荧光上升半时间T_1/2及广东2号的F_IV/F_Ⅴ呈上升趋势.其中,Williams的F_Ⅴ/F_m、ΔF_Ⅴ/F_T和T_1/2的变化幅度小于广东2号,表明低温胁迫通过抑制光合电子传递速度和PSⅡ无活性中心含量的提高使香蕉叶片PSⅡ原初光能转换效率下降,相同低温对广东2号的影响大于对Williams的影响.F_Ⅴ/F_m和ΔF_Ⅴ/F_T可以作为评价香蕉幼苗抗冷性的物理指标.     

Preparation of resveratrol-enriched grape juice from ultrasonication treated grape fruits

Grape (Vitis spp.) is a major source of resveratrol that can be eaten directly or after making jam, jelly, wine and juice. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) has a profound positive influence on human health, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ageing effects and the ability to lower blood sugar. During industrial production of grape juice, resveratrol is lost because of the use of clarifying agents and filtration; therefore, commercial grape juice contains very low amounts of resveratrol. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of resveratrol in grape juice prepared from three varieties of grape, viz. Campbell Early, Muscat Bailey A (MBA) and Kyoho, following post-harvest ultrasonication cleaning for 5 min and 6 h of incubation in the dark at 25 °C. This process resulted in the amounts of resveratrol increasing by 1.53, 1.15 and 1.24 times in juice prepared from Campbell Early, MBA and Kyoho, respectively, without changing the amounts of total soluble solids. Overall, our results indicate that ultrasonication treatment of post-harvested grape fruits can be an effective method for producing resveratrol-enriched grape juice as well as cleaning grapes thoroughly.     

叶绿素荧光成像技术的葡萄霜霉病早期检测

葡萄霜霉病对葡萄生产构成严重威胁,尽早防治是治理霜霉病的关键.为了对该病进行早期检测,以PCR检测获取的霜霉病相对生物量作为霜霉病侵染的依据,从暗适应—光适应—暗弛豫3个光合生理状态连续变化过程中,采集80个人工接种霜霉菌叶片和80个健康对照叶片连续6 d的叶绿素荧光图像.对比健康和接种叶片叶绿素荧光动力学曲线、参数图...     

虎杖白藜芦醇浸提工艺的研究

以干中药材虎杖为原料,通过实验优选了虎杖白藜芦醇的浸提工艺。以HPLC面积归一化法衡量浸提液中白藜芦醇的含量。浸提效果以浸提液中白藜芦醇的含量或浸出率为指标参数。结果表明,虎杖白藜芦醇的最佳浸提工艺为:干中药材虎杖采用95%乙醇浸提、料液比为1g∶16mL、室温(30℃)、静浸6天。     

复合纳米颗粒中白藜芦醇-大麦醇溶蛋白相互作用研究

为阐明大麦醇溶蛋白包覆白藜芦醇形成纳米颗粒的分子机制,采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱以及傅里叶红外光谱和差示扫描量热技术等研究了白藜芦醇与大麦醇溶蛋白分子间的相互作用。结果表明：白藜芦醇与大麦醇溶蛋白分子的相互作用,对其内源性荧光具有猝灭作用,结合差示扫描量热的结果,推测二者通过静态猝灭过程形成了新的复合物;计算出两者之间的结合常数与结合位点数分别为K_A(298 K)=2.21×105 L·mol-1,K_A(310 K)=1.53×104 L·mol-1和n_{298 K}=1.23,n_{310 K}=0.94;依据热力学参数和傅里叶红外光谱判断白藜芦醇与大麦醇溶蛋白之间的作用力为范德华力和氢键相互作用;根据Frster非辐射能量转移原理,计算出白藜芦醇与大麦醇溶蛋白的结合距离为3.25 nm,能量转移效率为0.227;同步荧光检测结果表明白藜芦醇结合大麦醇溶蛋白分子后对其构象产生了明显影响,且该影响是由色氨酸残基所处环境的疏水性变化所致。     

基于Vis/NIR光谱技术的酿酒葡萄成熟期间SSC预测研究

酿酒葡萄成熟度是确定葡萄采收期的重要品质指标,针对酿酒葡萄大田中成熟度检测难度大的问题,利用可见/近红外（Vis/NIR）光谱技术和化学计量学,研究了酿酒葡萄可溶性固形物含量（SSC）与光谱数据之间的内在联系。采用USB2000+光谱仪获取5种酿酒葡萄及其叶片在不同成熟时期的Vis/NIR光谱数据,通过OMNIC 8.0软件提取光谱数据,将化学值与光谱吸收率值通过TQ Analyst8.0软件建立模型。选取信噪比高的450~1 000 nm波段,利用PCA剔除异常光谱数据,将一阶导数（FD）、Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑（S-G）、多元散射校正（MSC）、标准正态变换（SNV）分别组合共4种方法用于光谱数据预处理。利用偏最小二乘（PLS）法分别建立了5种葡萄基于酿酒葡萄光谱数据的SSC预测模型,建立了5种葡萄基于冠层叶片光谱数据的SSC预测模型,对比了不同方式预处理后的建模效果,并选择最优预处理方式建模。最后用外部样本分别验证了SSC预测模型。结果表明,采用S-G平滑+FD+MSC的预处理方法时大多数预测模型性能达到最好。5种葡萄浆果校正集和验证集的R分别达到0.93和0.86以上,最高均方根误差分别为0.30和0.48,5种葡萄冠层叶片校正集和验证集的R分别达到0.73和0.65以上,最大均方根误差分别为0.95和0.75。5种葡萄浆果外部试验样本预测值与真实值间的平均RE最高为0.43%。基于酿酒葡萄浆果光谱的SSC预测模型具备良好的预测能力,优于基于酿酒葡萄冠层叶片光谱的SSC预测模型,SSC预测模型能够为酿酒葡萄成熟度评价研究提供理论参考。Vis/NIR光谱技术适用于在酿酒葡萄大田中快速、无损检测SSC。     

原子吸收光谱法测定葡萄酿酒副产物中的化学元素

原子吸收光谱法测定葡萄皮、葡萄籽和葡萄酒泥中的化学元素.称取5份粉碎的葡萄酿酒副产物加入一定量硝酸:高氯酸(V/V=4 ∶ 1)混合溶液置电热板上加热消解,在仪器工作条件下用3％稀硝酸做空白测定12种元素的吸光度.原子吸收光谱法测定的标准曲线相关系数为0.9979-0.9999.加标回收率在96.2％-100.2％之间...     

模拟移动床色谱纯化白藜芦醇的原料预处理

由于三带模拟移动床色谱系统是两进口和两出口,且在谱带首尾切取馏份,这就要求用模拟移动床色谱纯化的原料要进行预处理。采用柱层析法,通过实验选择了模拟移动床色谱法纯化白藜芦醇原料预处理条件。结果表明：95%乙醇浸提虎杖144h的浸提液,经IDL=28mm×500mm干法自填25—35μm反相ODS填料的层析柱,45%乙醇水溶液的流动相,30℃,20mL/m in流速洗脱,截取220—550mL馏分段,经旋转蒸发仪浓缩所得白藜芦醇粗品满足模拟移动床色谱纯化白藜芦醇对原料的要求。     

白藜芦醇与人血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在不同温度下,用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱,研究了白藜芦醇与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用的光谱学行为。根据不同温度下白藜芦醇对HSA的荧光猝灭作用,利用Stern-Volmer方程处理实验数据,结果表明白藜芦醇与HSA的结合常数K_A为2.39×105(25 ℃),1.25×105(35 ℃)和1.10×105(45 ℃)。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,求出了白藜芦醇与HSA之间的结合距离为3.02 nm(25 ℃),3.46 nm(35 ℃)和3.79 nm(45 ℃)。实验表明静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移是导致白藜芦醇对HSA荧光猝灭的两大原因,通过计算热力学参数,可知该药物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用是一个吉布斯自由能降低的自发过程,且二者之间的主要作用力类型为疏水作用力。并采用同步荧光光谱探讨了白藜芦醇对HSA构象的影响。     

葡萄浆果糖度可见/近红外光谱检测的研究

针对可见/近红外光谱与水果糖度存在非线性相关的特点,利用漫反射光谱测定方法获取了葡萄浆果的可见/近红外光谱,提出了应用偏最小二乘（PLS）结合人工神经网络（ANN）建立葡萄浆果糖度的预测模型,利用偏最小二乘法（PLS）对原始光谱数据进行处理,得出交叉检验的最佳主因子数为3,并将3个主因子的得分作为三层BP神经网络的输入。通过定标集样本对BP神经网络进行训练,用优化的BP神经网络模型对预测集样本进行预测。PLS-ANN模型对样本的预测模型检验参数r2为0.908,RMSEP为0.112,Bias为0.013,好于只使用PLS模型的预测模型检验参数r2为0.863,RMSEP为0.171, Bias为0.024。结果表明,利用近红外光谱技术无损检测葡萄浆果糖度等内部品质是可行的,为今后进一步分析建立浆果内部品质预测模型奠定了基础。     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of resveratrol from functional foods: Cookies and jams

Rapid extraction techniques with ultrasonic systems have been established to extract resveratrol from two functional foods, namely cookies and jams. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized using a full factorial design with three variables: solvent composition (10–70% and 30–90% methanol in water for cookies and jams, respectively), solvent-to-solid ratio (10:1–40:1), and ultrasonic probe diameter (2 and 7 mm). The extraction kinetics (5–30 min) were studied to confirm the full recovery of resveratrol from the functional foods. The resveratrol was quantified by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Fluorescense Detector (UPLC-FD).