实现LED准直照明的优化设计

为了有效地利用光源能量,满足LED远场照明系统要求,提出了一种实现LED大视场角准直照明的自由曲面透镜设计方法.运用ZEMAX软件序列模式下的多重组态建立透镜结构,在ZEMAX的二次开发环境下,采用宏语言编写自定义优化函数,实现对光学系统的自动优化.通过得到的自由曲面面型数据,借助光学仿真软件进行模拟,模拟光源采用圆面发光的LED朗伯体,视角为180°,透镜材料为PMMA,点光源模拟得到的发散半角在±0.1°以内,能量利用率在87%以上,实现了较高的能量利用率.     

实现近场均匀照明的双自由曲面大角度透镜设计

针对LED单自由曲面透镜近场大角度照明均匀性不足和出光效率低等问题,基于边缘光线理论和网格划分法,设计了内曲面为椭圆型,外曲面为自由曲面的LED双自由曲面大角度透镜.透镜内曲面对LED入射光线进行发散,外曲面对出射光线方向进行控制,实现大角度均匀照明,并减少全反射损失,提高出光效率.采用扩展光源文件对透镜模型进行光学仿真,并利用反馈优化法对外曲面进行优化,提高近场的照度均匀性.研究表明:在相同近场距离条件下,出光角度为143°、151.8°时,单自由曲面透镜照度均匀性为0.55和0.40,出光效率为92.0%和80%,而所设计的双自由曲面透镜照度均匀性为0.84和0.85,出光效率为98.8%和95.0%,照明效果明显改善.     

用于固态照明的自由曲面微透镜设计

针对LED照明应用中,现有二次光学设计过程对LED初始光强空间角分布的依赖性,讨论了用于LED照明的自由曲面微透镜器件的设计方法.根据斯涅尔定律和边缘光学理论,研究了自由曲面微透镜的面形构造算法,建立了自由曲面微透镜器件的光学模型,并用光学模拟软件对其照明性能进行了模拟实验.结果显示,该微透镜器件能够在目标面上获得满足预期要求的照度分布,照明均匀度在92%以上,且其结构有效解决了LED初始光强空间角分布复杂化的现状和现有二次光学设计对光源初始光强空间角分布依赖性的矛盾.     

基于微分方程数值解的自由曲面透镜的设计

为满足目标面上均匀照明的需求,设计了一款自由曲面透镜。根据LED光源的发光特点,结合光学成像的特性,非成像光学原理和能量守恒定理,推导出实现光能量在目标面上均匀分布的自由曲面面形的微分方程,采用matlab的ode算法求出面形上的离散坐标点,对离散坐标点拟合后得到透镜模型,通过光学模拟仿真软件对透镜模型进行光线追迹。结果表明,配光角度为80°的透镜,透镜的口径与光源发光面宽度之比大于等于9时,目标面上的照度均匀性大于0.9,光能利用率约为85%。该设计方法可以快速精确地设计出所需的透镜,而且透镜结构紧凑,单颗就能实现均匀照明,有利于LED光源照明系统的小型化。     

实现LED照明的自由曲面透镜设计

为在特定平面上实现所需照明,从而满足各类LED照明系统的要求,通过透镜的第一面球面和第二面自由曲面的两次折射实现LED的配光设计.根据给出的LED辐射特性和所需实现的照明面上的能量分布,并预先定义透镜球面的结构参量,可得到一组一阶偏微分方程,数值差分求解直接求得透镜的自由曲面.光源采用发光面积1×1 mm2朗伯体发光的LED,视角180°,由自由曲面透镜得到的各种形状照明面的模拟均匀性皆接近90%,且能量利用率高于98%,编程解一阶偏微分方程组的计算时间少于20 s.     

基于双自由曲面的LED大角度光学透镜设计

针对直下式LED背光源的均匀照明系统,采用双自由曲面组合,设计了一种大角度光学透镜结构。通过近光源面的自由曲面将光发散成的c/cos3(θ)型光场分布,再利用远光源面实现目标面的均匀分布。这样可以在短距离条件下实现大面积的均匀照明,相对于传统的单自由曲面设计,有效地避免了全反射的发生,提高了照明区域的面积。采用光线追迹软件对所设计的结构进行仿真,通过对模拟结果的分析,在灯箱厚度为15mm时,单透镜均匀照明面积可以达到60mm。采用正三角阵列分布,整个目标面均匀度达到87.5%。相对于传统的大功率器件的直下式光源方式,提高了照明的均匀度,同时大大减少了箱体的厚度。     

实现LED矩形均匀照明的透镜设计

 随着大功率LED发射光强的不断提高,采用单粒LED为光源的照明系统已得到普遍应用。设计一种以LED为光源实现矩形均匀照明的透镜,根据微分几何的理论建立透镜面型所满足的微分方程,然后根据能量映射关系和能量守恒定律建立面型与目标面坐标点之间的关系,并通过四阶龙格-库塔法求解微分方程得到面型数据,利用所得的面型数据在三维建模软件Rhinoceros中构建出所求透镜面型,并将透镜导入ASAP进行模拟。模拟结果表明：该光学系统效率达到94.01%,目标面照度均匀性优于92.73%。最后分析了自由曲面的连续性,指出能量映射关系决定着自由曲面的连续性。     

针对LED扩展光源照明的自由曲面透镜设计

针对LED扩展光源,采用双向反馈网格法设计了自由曲面透镜.划分光源和目标面的能量网格,通过对每一条迭代曲线建立反馈系数,对网格点进行修正并建立新的映射关系,设计了两个目标面中心无光照度的自由曲面透镜.将设计的自由曲面透镜用蒙特卡罗方法对不同尺寸的LED扩展光源进行了模拟仿真.结果表明,对于尺寸在4mm×4mm以下的LE...     

LED路灯的自由曲面二次透镜设计

配光是LED路灯应用的主要技术问题之一。道路照明要求LED路灯在路面为均匀性良好的矩形光斑,在道路外无污染,无眩光。采用Snell定律和光源扩展度守恒原理确定自由曲面的解析方程,借助Matlab工具,采用差分法求解建立的偏微分方程,得到自由曲面的数据组,用作图软件Pro/Engineer为自由曲面透镜建模,通过计算机仿真软件TracePro进行光路仿真检验设计结果,并对所得结果进行分析。设计一款内表面为椭球面,外表面为自由曲面的LED路灯透镜,实现了路面光照总均匀度0.75,纵向均匀度0.85的效果。     

基于BreedPSO算法及交叠法的紧凑型大角度双自由曲面透镜设计

为了获得LED扩展光源大角度均匀照明,采用双自由曲面,设计了大角度紧凑型透镜。利用角度扩大函数使内自由曲面对光线发散,根据矢量Snell定律确定点源透镜的外自由曲面。采用交叠法优化双自由曲面扩展光源透镜模型,通过BreedPSO算法进一步优化。对于h/d=2.5的紧凑型系统,均匀度和光效分别为88.12%和84.54%,照明均匀度明显提高。照明系统横向安装位移误差在[0,0.3mm]内,均匀度及光效分别在85%及84%以上,纵向安装位移误差在[-0.04mm,0.05mm],均匀度及光效均在82%以上。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.