低维半导体材料应变分布

在各向同性弹性理论的假设下，探讨了理想简单化的二维、一维与零维半导体材料量子阱、量子线与量子点的应力和应变分布规律，并讨论了它们应力、应变与应变能密度分布之间的差异.结果有助于定性理解更复杂形状结构的低维半导体材料的应力、应变及应变能分布. 关键词： 低维材料 应变分布 量子阱 量子线 量子点     

GaAs基InAs量子点中类氢杂质的束缚能

在有效质量近似下,采用微扰法研究了InAs/GaAs量子点内类氢杂质基态及低激发态的束缚能.受限势采用抛物形势,在二维平面极坐标下,精确地求解了电子的薛定谔方程.数值计算结果表明,类氢杂质基态及低激发态的束缚能敏感地依赖于抛物形势的角频率,受类氢杂质的影响,谱线发生蓝移.这一结果对设计和制备量子点器件是有价值的.     

二维氢原子中的基态奇异特性数值精确对角化法

利用数值有限差分法处理二维氢原子的基态波函数时,计算结果发现其存在着数值奇异特性.本文通过构造一套具有正交完备性的离散贝塞尔基函数,并结合基于Lanczos技术的数值精确对角化方法研究二维氢原子中的基态波函数的数值奇异特性,得到的波函数数值解及其相应的本征能量均与解析结果相一致.这套新的完备的离散贝塞尔基函数,可以在研究一些波函数具有数值奇异特性的体系中发挥至关重要的作用.     

磁场和量子点尺寸对方形杂质量子点中电子性质的影响

利用二维有限差分方法,计算了含有H_2~+杂质的方形量子点的基态能和杂质束缚能。讨论了磁场和杂质位置对不同尺寸的量子点中电子基态能量和束缚能的影响,得出了方形量子点系统的量子尺寸效应。     

双电子二维量子点基态能量的计算

分别利用微扰法、精确的对角化方法和变分法计算了双电子二维量子点的基态能量,与早期无约束的哈特利-福克研究结果比较,发现三参量的变分波函数是基态的极好表征.     

InAlN/GaN异质结二维电子气波函数的变分法研究

使用变分法推导了InAlN/GaN异质结二维电子气波函数和基态能级的解析表达式,并讨论了InAlN/GaN异质结结构参数对二维电子气电学特性的影响.在假设二维电子气来源于表面态的前提下,使用了一个包含两个变分参数的尝试波函数推导电子总能量期望值,并通过寻找能量期望极小值确定变分参数.计算结果显示,二维电子气面密度随InAlN厚度的增大而增大,且理论结果与实验结果一致.二维电子气面密度增大抬高了基态能级与费米能级,并保持二者之差增大以容纳更多电子.InAlN/GaN界面处的极化强度失配随着In组分增大而减弱,二维电子气面密度随之减小,并导致基态能级与费米能级减小.所建立的模型能够解释InAlN/GaN异质结二维电子气的部分电学行为,并为电子输运与光学跃迁的研究提供了解析表达式.     

二维３态Potts量子系统的保真度与序参量

二维无限正方格子上的量子3态Potts模型是发生一级相变还是二级相变?通过运用无限纠缠投影对态算法(iPEPS),在进行数值模拟时任意选取初态,能得到二维无限正方格子上的3态Potts模型的三个不同的简并基态波函数,这些简并的情况是由自发对称性破缺引起的.首先,揭示了在二维系统中自发对称性破缺引起的相变可以运用单点基态保真度的分叉来研究,也反映了在二维系统中约化保真度同样有一个分叉行为;再者,还开创性提出了二维系统的普适序参量以及多分量的复数局域序参量的行为来尝试研究二维3态Potts模型,共同确定系统发生的量子相变的临界点及其类型.即基于iPEPS算法,从单点基态保真度、约化保真度、普适序参量以及局域序参量的角度,来研究3态Potts模型的量子相变,其为一级相变.     

二维３态Potts量子系统的保真度与序参量

二维无限正方格子上的量子3态Potts模型是发生一级相变还是二级相变?通过运用无限纠缠投影对态 (iPEPS) 算法,在进行数值模拟时任意选取初态,能得到二维无限正方格子上的3态Potts模型的三个不同的简并基态波函数,这些简并的情况是由自发对称性破缺引起的.首先,揭示了在二维系统中自发对称性破缺引起的相变可以运用单点基态保真度的分叉来研究,也反映了在二维系统中约化保真度同样有一个分叉行为;再者,还提出了二维系统的普适序参量以及多分量的复数局域序参量的行为来尝试研究二维3态Potts模型,共同确定系统发生的量子相变的临界点及其类型.即基于iPEPS算法,从单点基态保真度、约化保真度、普适序参量以及局域序参量的角度,来研究3态Potts模型的量子相变,其为一级相变.     

二维3态Potts量子系统的保真度与序参量

二维无限正方格子上的量子3态Potts模型是发生一级相变还是二级相变?通过运用无限纠缠投影对态(i PEPS)算法,在进行数值模拟时任意选取初态,能得到二维无限正方格子上的3态Potts模型的三个不同的简并基态波函数,这些简并的情况是由自发对称性破缺引起的.首先,揭示了在二维系统中自发对称性破缺引起的相变可以运用单点基态保真度的分叉来研究,也反映了在二维系统中约化保真度同样有一个分叉行为;再者,还提出了二维系统的普适序参量以及多分量的复数局域序参量的行为来尝试研究二维3态Potts模型,共同确定系统发生的量子相变的临界点及其类型.即基于i PEPS算法,从单点基态保真度、约化保真度、普适序参量以及局域序参量的角度,来研究3态Potts模型的量子相变,其为一级相变.     

单光子源及在量子信息领域的应用

光量子比特是量子计算和量子通信的理想候选体系之一。高效率、高品质、确定性的单光子源是实现光学量子计算和绝对安全量子通信的重要前提条件。自组装半导体量子点,又称“人造原子”,具有优良的单光子性和光子全同性,是理想的单光子源。此外,量子点可以通过外加电场,囚禁单个原子或空穴,作为光子-自旋比特的界面,构建可扩展光量子网络。微柱腔耦合的量子点,拥有很强的Purcell效应,在保持单光子性和光子全同性的同时,大大地提高了提取效率,且具有很好的相干性,可用于大规模量子计算。近年来,人们在二维单原子层材料中发现了非经典的单光子发射,使二维材料和量子光学领域得到了结合,开辟了新的研究路线：探索单原子层材料在量子技术的潜在应用。和传统固态单光子源系统相比,二维材料更易于与其他光电平台结合,可人为控制缺陷位置,有利于推动高品质、低成本单光子源的发展,得到了科学家的广泛关注。本报告首先从量子计算和量子通信两方面提出发展单光子源的意义,接着介绍单光子源的性质和产生原理,然后介绍单光子源在自组装半导体量子点和二维单原子层材料中的实现和发展,最后从光子-自旋量子隐形传态和玻色采样实验中讨论单光子源在量子计算和量子网络方面的应用前景。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.