木质素对再造烟叶烟气中苯酚的影响

通过对木质素以及添加一定比例木质素的再造烟叶进行热裂解分析,探讨木质素对再造烟叶苯酚释放量的影响。结果表明,木质素热裂解产物中酚类物质含量较高;再造烟叶热裂解产生的苯酚及其他酚类物质含量随木质素含量的增加而升高。结果对降低再造烟叶及卷烟苯酚释放量的技术开发具有重要意义。     

磁性硫化胶的成分鉴定

用ＦＴ－ＩＲ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ方法分析检测磁性橡胶的热裂解液,结合Ｂｅｉｌｓｔｅｉｎ铜丝实验,对其并用胶成分和助剂进行鉴定。该方法可推广应用于其它并用胶。     

AC发泡剂中一种助发泡剂的鉴定

目前国内外通过在AC发泡剂中添加各种促进剂进而获得改性AC的方法已成为一种趋势。添加何种改性剂无疑是研究改性AC的关键。因此定性分析AC中的改性剂,对改性AC的研发将有极大的帮助。文章应用由作者在Vibrational Spectroscopy上首次提出的薄层色谱显微傅里叶红外联用的方法,鉴定出某改性AC中一种罕见添加剂的官能团,结合元素分析及化学物性分析等,推测出此添加剂的结构。通过对推测物质碎裂机理的解释和未知添加剂质谱图的分析,进一部验证了该添加剂为所推测的物质。这种鉴定方法同样适用于AC中其他无标准图谱的改性剂分析。     

全梗全叶再造烟叶热裂解产物与感官质量关系研究

通过对全梗、全叶单体原料制备的再造烟叶热裂解产物GC-MS鉴定分析,探讨热解产物的差异性对感官质量的影响。结果表明,梗、叶单体原料制备的再造烟叶热裂解产物主要包括醛、酮、酚、芳烃、杂环类物质,其中全梗再造烟叶检出49种物质,全叶再造烟叶检出60种物质。全叶再造烟叶热裂解产物中的主要烟草中重要的致香物质醛、酮、酚类物质的数量和所占比例明显高于梗再造烟叶;芳烃和杂环类物质的数量和所占比例较接近;全叶再造烟叶在香气质、杂气、刺激性方面明显优于全梗再造烟叶,这与全叶再造烟叶热裂解产物中的烟草主要致香成分释放量明显高于全梗再造烟叶有直接关系。     

红外光谱结合X射线荧光光谱分析鉴定合成橡胶粒子

利用超声波萃取技术,对合成橡胶粒子中的高聚物和其他成分进行分离,然后利用红外光谱和X射线荧光光谱对分离后的组分进行分析鉴定,获得了较好的结果。本方法具有简便、快速、准确的特点,适用于橡胶及其制品的快速鉴定。     

复合高铁酸盐在水溶液中稳定性的研究

用分光光度法和循环伏安法研究了复合高铁酸盐在水溶液中的稳定性,考察了静置时间、环境温度和助剂A对复合高铁酸盐稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,通过在复合高铁酸盐溶液中添加稳定助剂A,或降低高铁的储存温度,均可有效抑制复合高铁酸盐在水溶液中的分解速率,延长其储存周期,不同程度的改善其稳定性能;高铁在水溶液中的分解速率随着放置时间的增加而增加,随着助剂A加入量的增加而降低;高铁在水溶液中的循环伏安行为呈现一个单向的不可逆还原过程,其还原电流随着高铁放置时间的增加、溶液中FeO_4~(2-)有效浓度的降低而递减。     

NR交联密度对导热性能影响的实验研究

本文采用溶液共混的方法,通过改变助剂用量,经室温硫化,制备不同配方的天然橡胶(NR)试样。对比不同配方对交联密度的影响,研究交联密度与导热性能之间的关系,并进行机理分析。研究表明:橡胶配方通过影响NR分子链状态来影响导热性能。乙基黄原酸钾(PEX)与二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZDC)用量的增加会导致交联密度上升,提高导热性能。氧化锌(ZnO)在实验中更多的表现出填料的特性。硬脂酸(SA)使橡胶导热性能的温度敏感性增强。     

橡胶硫化促进剂3-甲基-2-噻唑硫酮制备及光谱分析

采用一步法合成出了3-甲基-2-噻唑硫酮(MTT),通过FTIR,XRD,TG-DSC对其进行检测和表征,揭示了MTT的微观结构和内在规律性。FTIR揭示了MTT分子内部的各元素之间的化学键键型,XRD从晶胞参数、晶面指数等晶体学数据,变换出MTT晶体微观结构,完成了MTT物相组成和结构的定性鉴定。TG-DSC检测出了MTT的质量变化与热效应两种信息,MTT的相变和分解温度分别为76.3和306.9 ℃,MTT的分解温度偏高,为采用硫化仪研究MTT的橡胶硫化性能提供参考。本研究为企业选定工作标准品,对MTT工业化生产进行跟踪检测,评判MTT的产品性能指标,提供基础实验数据。     

TLC-SERS法快速检测改善睡眠类保健食品中四种化学成分

建立薄层色谱(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用技术对改善睡眠类保健食品中四种非法添加化学成分(三唑仑、艾司唑仑、氯硝西泮及奥沙西泮)的快速检测新方法。以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-乙醇(5∶3.5∶2)为展开剂,利用 TLC 将添加成分与保健食品基质初步分离,在UV_{254 nm}下检测定位;以780 nm激光为激发波长,水相银溶胶为表面增强剂,采用SERS法对TLC上的微量添加成分定性检测。通过模拟阳性样品实验,考察保健食品基质对添加成分TLC-SERS的影响,并考察四种化学成分的检测限。建立了改善睡眠类保健品中非法添加四种化学成分的TLC-SERS检测方法。四种添加成分的TLC-SERS与相应对照品的拉曼光谱特征峰存在明显相关性;保健食品的基质对添加成分的检测几乎没有干扰;四种化学成分的检测限为1～4 μg。最后,对市售五种改善睡眠类保健食品进行检测,均不存在非法添加情况。该研究利用TLC与SERS相结合的方法应用于改善睡眠类保健食品中掺杂化学成分的快速检测,并获得了镇静安眠类共四种化药的TLC-SERS谱,建立了改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加三唑仑等四种化药的检测方法;该法专属、灵敏、快速、简单,并且没有显著的检测时间限制,为改善睡眠类保健食品中掺杂化学成分的现场检测方法研究提供新的参考依据。     

41个茶花品种基因组DNA傅里叶变换红外光谱

研究的目的是通过全基因组DNA的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对41种茶花品种进行聚类分析和品种鉴定。研究发现,41个茶花品种基因组DNA的FTIR光谱不同,方差分析显示,各茶花品种FTIR数据之间的差异显著,因而,红外光谱可以作指纹光谱鉴定茶花。通过系统聚类结合主成分分析,建立了41种茶花品种的标准聚类和识别模型。41种茶花品种基因组DNA样本的平均光谱的聚类正确率为92.68%,品种鉴定准确率为100%。聚类结果表明,在1.0聚类距离,41个山茶品种可分为9个类别,在15.0聚类距离下可分为3个大类。亲缘关系分析表明,滇山茶中的楚雄居群来自楚雄、腾冲和大理。结果表明：基因组DNA的FTIR光谱数据的系统聚类结合主成分分析可用于茶花快速分类和鉴定。     

草酸反萃取法直接沉淀负载铈有机相的表征分析

研究了氢氧化钠介质皂化条件下,用草酸溶液从负载铈的P507有机相中直接反萃取沉淀铈的试验结果。利用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及热重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC)等手段,对反萃所得铈沉淀物及最终焙烧产物的物相、形貌和热失重等进行了分析、测试与表征。实验结果表明:沉淀有机相为球形有机铈的配合物,焙烧产物为球形的立方晶系的CeO2晶体,说明前驱物与产物形貌有遗传继承性。IR证实了萃合物的结构与最终CeO2晶体结构完全不同,热重表明吸附水失重为3.5%,所得最终产物的化学组成为CeO2.1/3H2O。     

萃金体系第三相的产生及其谱学研究

利用^198Au示踪法研究了十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵从碱性氰化液中萃取金第三相的产生过程，同时用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），核磁共振（NMR），激光光散射（DLS）等方法分析了第三相形成后上下两有机相的微观结构，结果表明，随着有机相中金浓度的增大，有机相中有纳米级的聚集体形成；当金浓度继续增大时，有机相分为上下两相，有机相中的金，磷酸三丁酯（TBP）和水主要集中在下层，下层有机相有明显的水特征吸收峰，TBP的P=O伸缩振动向低频移动，核磁共振（^31P-NMR)的化学位移明显移向高场；用激光光散射技术测定了两有机相中聚集体的大小。     

环烷酸-酸性磷酸酯-庚烷体系萃取有机相的红外光谱研究

将环烷酸(NA)与2-乙基己基磷酸单2-乙基己基酯(PC88A)混合,以浓KOH溶液皂化,研究了高皂化度(80％)油包水型微乳萃取钕过程的有机相的结构变化。通过红外光谱分析,发现萃取钕过程随着负载率增加,COOH伸缩振动吸收峰 、COO-的反对称峰及PO伸缩振动吸收峰的峰位均向低波数移动。结果表明：皂化NA和PC88A的混合体系萃钕过程,NA与PC88A存在相互作用;它们都与Nd3+作用,但PC88A作用较环烷酸完全,萃取有机相中,P—O—H伸缩振动吸收峰消失,还残留部分COOH没有完全转化为COO-;环烷酸、PC88A与钕之间形成的萃合物具有复杂结构。     

用三正辛胺-苯萃取分离体系-原子吸收光谱对铬作形态分析

研究了痕量铬形态分析的三正辛胺(TOA)-苯萃取分离体系-原子吸收光谱法。用三正辛胺(TOA)和苯在H₂SO₄介质中把水相中的Cr(Ⅵ)萃入到有机相而Cr(Ⅲ)留在水相中,使两种形态的Cr分离到两相中后对有机相的Cr(Ⅵ)和水相的Cr(Ⅲ)进行AAS测定,可求得Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的含量,该方法对实际水样加标回收率分别在95.0%～102% 和94.8%～103%之间,相对标准偏差分别为2.9%和2.6% ,体系对Cr(Ⅵ)有富集作用,对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的检出限分别为6.6 μg·L-1和0.20 mg·L-1,TOA对Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳萃取量为4.6 mg·mL-1,该法简单、快速、准确。     

Molecular structural analysis of noncarious cervical sclerotic dentin using Raman spectroscopy

Molecular structure of the sclerotic dentin in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) including both the inorganic phase and organic phase was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. It was found that NCCL sclerotic dentin was hypermineralized with the mineral/matrix ratios 2–3 times higher than those of normal dentin, which was caused by both the increase of mineral content and decrease of organic matrix (collagen) content in the sclerotic dentin. For the inorganic phase, the phosphate band (PO₄³⁻, ν₁, symmetric stretching vibrational mode) in NCCL sclerotic dentin was shifted from 960 to 963 cm⁻¹, and the width of this band was decreased from 16.4 to 10.4 cm⁻¹, indicating that the degree of mineral crystallinity in NCCL sclerotic dentin was higher than that of normal dentin. In addition, the carbonate content in the mineral of NCCL sclerotic dentin was less than that of normal dentin. As compared to the inorganic phase, the changes within the organic phase were not dramatic. However, the changes in collagen cross‐link density along with other spectral changes were still detectable. There was a noteworthy reduction in the ratio of nonreducible to reducible cross‐links in the NCCL sclerotic dentin, indicating that cross‐link breaks occurred in the collagen matrix of the lesions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Physical and chemical properties of Co n?m Cu m nanoclusters with n?=?2–6 atoms via ab-initio calculations

The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the preparation method on the surface charge and electrokinetic properties of poly-??-caprolactone-based particles using poloxamer 188 as stabilizing agent. To target such objective, two processes (the nanoprecipitation and the emulsification-diffusion) are used to prepare well-defined nanospheres ranging in hydrodynamic diameters from 100 to 200?nm. The effect of the materials used on the particle zeta potential is systematically studied to compare the two preparation methods. The polarity of the organic solvent directly affects the zeta potential of particles prepared via the emulsification-diffusion method. The results obtained suggest that the aqueous phase used for preparing particles affects the possible re-arrangement of polymers during the emulsification step. As the aqueous phase is saturated with the organic solvent, the polar and the non-polar moieties of the polymer chains might be re-conformed following organic solvent diffusion from the particle core to the continuous phase. Regarding the nanoprecipitation process, the electrokinetic properties of the particles were found to be organic solvent independent, but principally affected by the pH and the salinity of the aqueous phase used during the particle preparation.     

Fourier Transform Infrared Study of A C18 Modified Quartz Surface

In reversed-phase liquid chromatography the separation mechanism depends on the solute-stationary phase and solute-solvent interactions. These interactions can be studied under near-normal chromatographic conditions by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopy. Quartz crystals chemically modified with n-octadecyl-substituted-silanes, which are common derivatizing reagents used to modify chromatographic surfaces, can be used as a model stationary phase in TIRF studies. To facilitate study of the separation mechanisms using TIRF, surfaces of quartz crystals were chemically modified with silylating reagents and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Susceptibility tests of the modified surfaces were performed using protic and aprotic solvents. Siloxane bonds were formed, between the reagent and the quartz surface, at high reaction temperature in the absence of any solvent. Siloxane bond formation in the presence of organic solvent at room temperature was observed only when the crystal was previously dehydrated at high temperature.     

Structure and Properties of In-Situ Reactive Compatibilized Polypropylene/Poly (Butyl Methacrylate-Co-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Blend Fibers

In this study, in-situ compatibilized polymer blends of polypropylene (PP) and poly (butyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) P(BMA-co-HEMA) were prepared in a corotating twin screw extruder through the reactive extrusion of mixtures of PP, P(BMA-co-HEMA), butyl methacrylate, and benzoyl peroxide. In the process of reactive extrusion, butyl methacrylate and benzoyl peroxide were used as the monomer and the initiator, respectively. Thereafter the polymer blend was made into fibers via melt spinning. The miscibility of PP and P(BMA-co-HEMA) in the blend fibers was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The absorption percentage of the blend fibers for organic liquids and their remaining ratios after the absorption tests were also determined and used to prove the generation of the third phase. The changes in the fiber morphology during organic liquid absorption were observed using polarized light microscopy. In addition, the effect of the miscibility on the crystal structure and melting characteristic of the blend fibers were analyzed using wide-angle X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, the thermal stability of the blend fibers that was associated with the miscibility of PP and P(BMA-co-HEMA) in the blend fibers were characterized by using thermogravimetry and dynamic thermomechanical analysis.     

Improved method to detect nitric oxide in biological systems

In this work an improved method is described for using organic solvent extracting to detect nitric oxide. The partition coefficients of the diethylthiocarbamate (DETC)-Fe²⁺ complex between different organic solvents and water, the signal intensity of the same NO trapping complex concentration in different organic solvents, and the extracting abilities of the organic solvents were determined. It was found that ethyl acetate was the optimal organic solvent. With ethyl acetate as extracting solvent, the (DETC)₂-Fe²⁺-NO complex was extracted from water phase to organic phase, and low concentration of nitric oxide in large volume could be detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) at room temperature. The ESR signal intensity had a good linear relationship with the concentration of nitric oxide, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. The detection threshold of this method was improved to lower than 50 nM, which was more sensitive than the usually used method. The (DETC)₂-Fe²⁺-NO complex was stable in the dark at 0–4°C, and there was little change after days. Nitric oxide produced by cardiomyocytes cultured in media and other biological systems was firstly detected with this method.     

Photoassisted chemical solution deposition method for fabricating uniformly epitaxial VO2 films

Epitaxial VO₂ films were prepared on the TiO₂ (001) substrates by the excimer-laser-assisted metal–organic deposition (ELAMOD). The quality of the epitaxial films obtained by irradiation with a KrF laser was found to be affected by the film structure obtained after preheating at 500 or 300°C. When the films containing crystal domains, which were obtained by preheating at 500°C, were irradiated with the laser at room temperature under a base pressure of 250 Pa, epitaxial and polycrystalline VO₂ phases were simultaneously formed. In contrast, when the amorphous films containing organic components, which were obtained by preheating at 300°C, were irradiated with the laser at room temperature in air, a single phase of epitaxial VO₂ was formed. By using thermal simulations, we determined that the formation of the epitaxial phase was affected both by the temperature distribution within the film during the laser irradiation and by the laser intensity at the interface between the substrate and the film. The latter factor is considered to play a role in the nucleation of crystallization, causing the epitaxial phase to form preferentially compared to the polycrystalline phase in the amorphous matrix of the films. These results indicate that the ELAMOD process is effective for the fabrication of epitaxial VO₂ films at low temperature.