过耦合结构超导铝共面波导谐振器温度特性研究

制备了基于超导铝膜的四分之一波长反射型共面波导谐振器,并利用矢量网络分析仪测量了该谐振器在低温超导状态下的传输特性。实验结果表明:对于拥有较大耦合电容的超导共面波导谐振器,在超导状态下随着环境温度的升高,超导薄膜的表面阻抗会增大,进而谐振器的中心谐振频率降低,谐振峰变宽。温度越高,谐振频率随温度升高而向低频偏移的速率越快。另一方面,随着环境温度升高,谐振器的外部耦合品质因数和负载品质因数也都会降低。温度越高,谐振器品质因数随温度升高而降低的速率越快。用二能级理论解释了实验现象,品质因数理论计算值与实验测量结果相接近。     

封面故事

正量子电容是电子填充费米面所引起的内禀电容效应,在低维材料中尤为显著,被广泛应用于电子态密度测量与电子多体效应的研究。南方科技大学电子与电气工程系陈晓龙、香港科技大学物理系王宁研究团队合作,基于单层石墨烯材料制备了新型量子电容器件,并构造了电致可调谐振电路,在2 V栅控电压下实现了电容值50%的改变与20%谐振频率的改变。     

一种基于交指电容裂环谐振器的差分微波传感器研究与设计（特邀）

提出了一种基于交指电容裂环谐振器的差分微波传感器。通过把交指电容结构嵌入到裂环谐振器的开口处以增强电场束缚效应,并且为了抑制外界环境因素的干扰,制作成差分结构。差分结构采用两个裂环谐振器分别分布于单根微带线两边的结构形式,谐振器与微带线呈磁耦合效应。该传感器结构可以克服传统微波传感器的低灵敏度和易受外界干扰的问题。在实验中,将一个谐振器作为参考单元,另一个谐振器作为测量单元,待检测液体样本放置于测量交指电容处,随着不同浓度的乙醇-水混合溶液的注入,测量单元的谐振频率相较于参考单元会发生明显的频率偏移和陷波幅值的偏差,由此可以拟合出复数介电常数与它们之间的关系以预测不同浓度的乙醇-水混合溶液的复数介电常数值。实验结果表明：所提出传感器的单位体积平均灵敏度可达3.630 8%/μL,比同类型的传感器提高了几倍至几十倍。     

SAW谐振器谐振频率微秒级快速检测方法

针对高速旋转环境下的谐振式声表面波(SAW)传感器信号快速检测,提出基于回波损耗测量原理的SAW谐振器谐振频率微妙级快速检测方法.对SAW谐振器进行线性扫频激励的过程中,将反射信号经功率检波与比较器转换为数字脉冲信号,使用计时器实时计算脉冲信号中心对应频率快速求得SAW传感器谐振频率.在8000 r/min转速范围内对...     

可调频高功率宽谱微波的产生和辐射

 设计了一种可调谐频率的高功率宽谱微波辐射装置,装置由可调谐长度的1/4波长低阻同轴谐振器、环形开关、电容耦合器和宽谱辐射天线组成,中心频率调谐为200～400 MHz。低阻传输线与环形开关构成1/4波长短路谐振器,它产生的宽谱微波振荡通过耦合器耦合到宽谱辐射天线上辐射,而耦合器由集中电容与分布电感组成,实现宽谱微波在频率调谐范围内以较为一致的耦合度提取微波能量。通过转动螺杆滑动安装在同轴谐振器内芯上的环形开关,达到改变谐振频率的目的。最后,将可调频宽谱辐射装置与输出电压为500 kV的Tesla变压器脉冲功率源联试,得到200～400 MHz宽谱微波辐射,辐射因子为95～130 kV,频谱百分比带宽为10%～30%。     

介质谐振器法测量超导薄膜微波表面阻抗

本文所用的测试方法为蓝宝石介质谐振器法,它采用一片超导薄膜替代谐振器的一端,通过测量微波介质谐振腔的品质因数和谐振频率随温度变化来确定超导薄膜的微波表面阻抗.本文设计和制作了一个工作于TE01δ模式,谐振频率在18.3GHz左右的蓝宝石介质谐振器,其无载品质因数在3K时可达到130000.用此方法可以对薄膜进行无损伤测量,测量后的薄膜还可继续使用.     

便携式谐振倍压电容充电电源的设计

对输入电压为24 V,输出电压3 kV的便携式谐振倍压电容充电电源进行了设计与验证。针对高变压比的特点,电源采用串联谐振拓扑与倍压整流相结合的拓扑结构,避免了高频变压器副边匝数过多、分布参数过大可能造成的不利影响。对高频变压器、谐振电容、开关器件等核心元件进行了设计和调试。最后采用该电源进行电容充电实验,其测试结果验证了设计的正确性。     

新型的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器

本文报导了一种新型结构的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器.我们通过改变谐振器梳齿的长度,使谐振器的谐振频率可以从800MHz到1300MHz左右,这正是我们研制的Hi-Tc rf SQUID所需要的两个频段.我们对这种新型谐振器的谐振频率与几何尺寸的关系进行了数值拟合.测试了使用该种新型谐振器的Hi-Tc rf SQUID的噪声.     

CDMA移动通信用高温超导滤波器的研制

本文提出了一种新型H型环带谐振器,具有结构紧凑,尺寸小,Q值高,非相邻耦合弱等优点.该谐振器在一侧设置了一个开口,改变开口位置,可以在较大范围内改变谐振器谐振频率,并且能够改变基频和二倍谐频之间的频率间隔.对于直连型馈线引入方式,H型环带谐振器容易实现外部Q值的匹配,同时对输入/输出端谐振器的谐振频率影响很小.本文还基于H型环带谐振器,采用2英寸双面YBCO高温超导薄膜设计并制作了用于CDMA移动通信系统的12节高温超导滤波器.该滤波器的中心频率为832MHz,相对带宽为1.6%.在70K温度下的测试结果显示滤波器的带内插入损耗低于0.28dB,反射损耗优于-15.5dB,带外抑制约为75dB,通带低频端带边陡峭度超过30dB/MHz,高频端带边陡峭度超过20dB/MHz.     

传输线法测量可调谐振器

在高阻硅基片上,我们制备了末端串联了dc-SQUID的λ/4谐振器,实现了可调超导共面波导谐振器.通过与谐振器耦合的传输线,我们测量了可调λ/4谐振器在外加磁通偏置下谐振频率的可调性,并将结果和理论值进行了比较和分析.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.