宽带放大器用碲基掺铒光纤结构参量的设计考虑

利用光波导理论及均匀展宽四能级模型，研究了宽带放大器用阶跃型折射率分布碲基掺铒光纤的结构参量—纤芯半径和相对折射率差的设计考虑.理论研究表明，在单模传输条件下，为获取最大信号增益，宜选择相对折射率差大的碲基掺铒光纤来构建光纤放大器.相对折射率差一定的情况下，在高泵浦功率、小信号输入或光纤长度短于各信道最佳增益长度时，选择纤芯半径大的碲基掺铒光纤可以得到大的信号增益；反之，宜选择纤芯半径小的碲基掺铒光纤.     

掺铒光纤放大器增益的温度依赖关系

报道掺铒光纤放大器增益随温度变化的依赖关系，提出了一个解释这种依赖关系的数学模型。此模型基于如下假设：由于温度的变化，引起处在基态和激发态的斯塔克能级上的掺铒离子浓度的重新分布，从而引发光纤发射截面和吸收截面的变化。理论结果与实验结果符合很好。     

WDM系统中碲基掺铒光纤放大器泵浦问题的理论研究

依据均匀加宽四能级结构速率方程组和光功率传输方程组, 对WDM系统中碲基掺铒光纤放大器（EDTFA）的泵浦问题进行了理论研究,给出了三种泵浦方式小信号和大信号状态下EDTFA信号增益分布曲线和放大的自发辐射（ASE）噪声功率谱,在此基础上探讨了EDTFA泵浦方式与信号增益、ASE噪声的关系.     

纤维光学 光纤器件

TN253 2006032293抑制噪声的宽带碲基掺铒光纤放大器性能分析=Per-formance analysis of broadband EDTFA with noise sup-pression[刊,中]/周亚训(宁波大学信息科学与工程学院.浙江,宁波(315211)) ,陈芬…∥光电工程.—2006 , 33(1) .—59-62 ,76设计了一个带光隔离器的复合型宽带碲基掺铒光纤放大器(EDTFA) ,通过对该结构模型下的速率方程和光功率传输方程的数值模拟,理论研究了EDTFA在插入光隔离器后的性能变化。研究表明,通过插入光隔离器抑制反向传输的放大自发辐射( ASE)噪声,可以有效地改善宽带EDTFA的信号增益和噪声特性…     

碲基掺铒光纤放大器对于渐变输入信号的瞬态响应

为了抑制输出信号功率的瞬态波动,提出了调理脉冲信号边沿变化方式的思想.通过有限差分法数值模拟四能级模型下的粒子数速率-光功率传输方程组,理论研究了宽带碲基掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium-doped Tellurite-based Fiber Amplifier,EDTFA)对于低频脉冲输入信号的瞬态响应.研究表明,相比具有阶跃上升沿的方波脉冲,选择一个合适的渐变上升沿脉冲信号可以有效地抑制EDTFA输出端信号功率的瞬时上冲幅度.在多信道系统中,选择渐变的信道功率上传和下载方式,可以延缓其余信道输出功率的瞬态响应速度,从而为后续增益箍制技术的实施提供了便利.     

碲基掺铒光纤放大器增益饱和特性的数值模拟

依据均匀加宽四能级结构速率方程组和光功率传输方程组,数值模拟了1520～1620nm波段范围内碲基掺铒光纤放大器(EDTFA)增益谱特性,以及EDTFA增益谱特性与输入信号光功率的关系.模拟结果显示:随着输入信号光功率的增大,EDTFA增益谱由于饱和效应而呈现平坦化特征.模拟结果与报道的实验测量结果达到了很好的一致.     

掺铒孔辅助导光光纤的特性研究与优化设计

掺铒孔辅助导光光纤是由掺铒的高折射率纤芯、低折射率包层和少量的空气孔组成. 采用有限元法分析了掺铒孔辅助导光光纤的模式特性；给出了数值计算截止波长和模场直径的方法；提出了改进的平均粒子数反转度迭代算法来数值计算掺铒光纤放大器的增益和噪声系数. 研究空气孔对掺铒孔辅助导光光纤的截止波长、模场直径和放大器的增益系数的影响. 发现：减小相对孔芯距的值，可使截止波长向短波长移动，减小模场直径的值；当孔的相对大小较大时，截止波长、模场直径和增益的最大值基本上不随孔的相对大小的增大而改变. 最后，综合考虑掺铒光纤基模和二阶模的截止波长、与普通单模光纤的熔接损耗、放大器的增益和噪声系数等因素，优化设计了掺铒孔辅助导光光纤的四个结构参量——纤芯半径、纤芯与包层的折射率差、相对孔芯距和孔的相对大小. 关键词： 孔辅助导光光纤 掺铒光纤 光纤放大器 有限元法     

含Ho~(3+)的GeO_2-B_2O_3-BaO-Na_2O-Al_2O_3锗酸盐玻璃的光谱与增益特性

用高温熔融法制备了不同Ho3+离子掺杂浓度65GeO2-12B2O-10BaO-10Na2O-3Al2O3-χHo2O3(χ=0.25,0.75,1.25mol%)锗酸盐玻璃。从吸收特性出发,应用McCumber理论计算了Ho3+离子能级5I8→5I7(~2.0μm)跃迁的吸收截面和5I7→5I8的受激发射截面。根据掺杂离子的浓度以及获得的吸收截面和受激发射截面得到Ho3+离子在此玻璃中的增益截面函数,从该函数可反映出材料的粒子数反转特性。获得的基本光学参数与其它掺杂的玻璃进行了比较,其吸收截面、发射截面和增益截面的最大值具有一定的优势。认为该玻璃在~2.0μm波段的中红外激光器中将有潜在的较大应用前景。     

掺铒光纤自发辐射特性研究

本文对掺铒光纤的自发辐射特性进行了研究,分析了掺杂铒离子光纤的吸收截面、辐射截面、自发辐射谱、净增益系数等的特性,以及在掺铒光纤中,泵浦功率、自发辐射功率、光纤长度、自发辐射谱之间的关系,并用单色仪和波长为1.48um的InGaAsP半导体激光器测试了国产掺铒光纤的吸收谱和它的自发辐射谱。     

荧光俘获效应对掺铒氧化物玻璃光谱性质的影响

测试了不同掺杂浓度和样品厚度下掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,计算了Er3+离子在1.53 μm处的吸收截面(σa)、发射截面(σe)、自发辐射跃迁概率(Arad)、辐射跃迁寿命(τrad)、以及辐射跃迁量子效率(η)等光谱参数.讨论了荧光俘获效应对掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质及光谱参数的影响.结果表明即使在铒离子低掺杂浓度(0.1 mol% Er2O3)下,荧光俘获效应也普遍存在于掺铒玻璃材料中,使得荧光寿命(τf)和荧光半高宽(FWHM)随样品的厚度和铒离子掺杂浓度增加而增大,导致碲酸盐和磷酸盐玻璃中τf分别增加11%-37%和6%-17%,FWHM分别增加15%-64%和11%-55%,使得掺铒玻璃材料的放大品性参数(σe×FWHM) 也相应被估高.由于铒离子在碲酸盐玻璃中在1.53 μm处吸收和发射截面重叠面积较大,加之铒离子在前者基质中的发射截面高于后者,使得掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中的荧光俘获效应高于磷酸盐玻璃.     

Continuous wave photonic crystal laser in ultraviolet range

It is shown that photonic band-gap (PBG) structures have great potential for the development of widely tunable continues wave and/or mode-locked ultrashort-pulse all-solid-stale lasers in UV and optical ranges. The basic idea is to decrease the laser threshold via inhibition of radiative decay of an upper laser level by embedding an active medium into spatial structure having PBG at the frequency of laser transition. This technique provides favorable conditions for coherent suppression of the excited state absorption crucial for short-wavelength solid-state lasing. It also resolves the laser gain dilemma, providing combination of high emission cross-section and large population inversion. Different designs of 2D and 3D photonic crystal laser are proposed.     

Lasing without population inversion from autoionizing states

Summary We show that in case of (1+1)-photon resonant absorption to and emission from an autoionizing state embedded into a continuum, the gain profile can be modified significantly in the presence of a parallel near-resonant channel leading to another autoionizing state embedded into a different continuum. Due to the coupling between two channels via cross-photoionization (i.e. ionization from the intermediate state of one channel to the continuum of another channel) the gain can be obtained around three different frequencies leading to lasing without population inversion. Results of parametric calculations are presented.     

Spectral luminescence and information characteristics of transparent lead fluoride nano-glass-ceramics doped with erbium ions

Spectral luminescence properties of synthesized transparent nano-glass-ceramics doped with erbium ions are studied. It is shown that, as a result of the secondary heat treatment of nano-glass-ceramics, the width of the luminescence spectrum at half maximum increases more than by 15 nm. Luminescence life-time dependences of erbium ions in studied samples are measured, their absorption cross-sections are determined, and their emission cross-sections are calculated by the McCumber method. Spectral and ultimate information characteristics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers based on synthesized nano-glass-ceramics are numerically simulated. It is shown that, in the unsaturated gain regime, a substantial ripple of the absorption and emission cross-section spectra and shorter lifetime of the metastable level of the erbium ion reduce the pumping radiation power that is required for obtaining the given peak gain, narrow the gain spectra, and lower the transmission capacity of devices based on nano-glass-ceramics compared to the initial glass. Conversely, fiber amplifiers based on calcium fluoride glass-ceramics, for which the lifetime of the metastable level increases with increasing annealing temperature, have an advantage in the transmission capacity over devices based on the primary glass.     

Measurement of gain and evaluation of photon avalanche efficiency in 10% Tm:KY(WO4)2 crystal pumped by free-running Nd:YAG laser

The gain at 1831 nm and ³F₄ excited state relaxation were measured with 10%- and 15% Tm:KYW crystals under free-running Nd:YAG laser pumping. The emission cross-section calculated from the gain data is in a reasonable agreement with that of from the fluorescence spectra. The population of ³F₄ manifold and the photon avalanche efficiency depending on the absorbed pump energy are reported also.     

Ho3+掺杂GeO2-Ga2O3-Li2O-BaO-La2O3玻璃的光谱和增益特性的计算

用高温熔融法制备了不同Ho3+浓度掺杂的65GeO2-12Ga2O3-8Li2O-10BaO-5La2O3-χHo2O3锗酸盐玻璃.从吸收光谱出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论,获得了Ho3+离子的跃迁强度参量（Ω2,Ω4,Ω6）,并由此计算了Ho3+离子的自发辐射跃迁几率A,荧光分支比β,辐射能级寿命τ等光谱参量.根据McCumber理论,计算了Ho3+离子能级5I8→5I7（2.0 μm）跃迁的吸收截面和受激发射截面,同时也获得了相应的反映粒子数反转的增益截面光谱.钬掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃,其增益截面的最大值比所报道的氟锆铝酸盐玻璃大.结果表明,Ho3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃在2.0 μm附近波段的中红外激光器中将有一定的应用前景.     

掺Tm3+有机-无机复合材料的合成及光谱参数计算

以正硅酸乙酯与γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体,应用溶胶-凝胶技术,合成了Tm3+离子掺杂的有机-无机复合材料。从吸收光谱特性出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论,计算得到了Tm3+离子的J-O强度参量(Ω2,Ω4,Ω6)及Tm3+离子各激发能级的自发辐射跃迁概率、荧光分支比及辐射寿命等光谱参量。根据McCumber理论计算了Tm3+离子能级3H6←→3F4(1.8μm)跃迁的吸收截面和受激发射截面,同时,根据所获得的吸收截面、发射截面以及掺杂离子浓度等参数获得了Tm3+离子在凝胶玻璃中的增益截面函数。与其它玻璃掺杂基质比较可知,Tm3+掺杂的有机改良硅酸盐玻璃在～1.8μm和～2.0μm波段的中红外激光中有潜在的应用前景。     

Study of the effects of Cr ions on Yb in Cr,Yb:YAG crystal

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Cr,Yb:YAG crystal were measured. There are two absorption bands at 940 nm and 968 nm although the absorption coefficient is lower than that of the absorption peak of Yb:YAG superimposed in Cr:YAG absorption peak. The emission peak intensity is 4 times lower than that of Yb:YAG, which may be caused by the existence of the ground state absorption of Cr⁴⁺ which quenches the Yb³⁺ emission intensity. Although the emission peak of Cr,Yb:YAG is lower than that of Yb:YAG, there is an advantage of this crystal which combines the saturable absorber and gain medium into one and can be a self-Q switching laser crystal if Cr,Yb:YAG crystal is pumped with high energy power.