双声道波导中低频环境噪声分布特性

针对北极冰下双声道波导的噪声分布特性研究,采用垂直阵对双声道波导内的噪声场进行了观测,北极冰下噪声物理模型使用混合加性噪声模型描述,统计分布模型使用α稳定分布描述.并将噪声划分为3个频段,按噪声来源分为背景噪声、冲击噪声以及航船噪声3种场景,分析其统计特性,给出了直方图统计、核函数估计与正态分布的比较结果,α稳定分布参数估计结果,峰度与偏度的计算结果以及累积分布函数检验结果。经分析讨论,给出结论:双声道波导中的噪声统计分布可用α稳定分布来描述,但上下表面声道的分布参数具有明显差别,上表面波导背景噪声明显偏离高斯分布而下表面声道的背景噪声接近于高斯分布;上下表面声道中不同频带的噪声分布差异也很明显,其中2~30 Hz差异性最大,30~100 Hz差异性较大,而100~500 Hz差异性相对较小,并且可以认为是对称α稳定分布.此外,上下表面声道中不同频带噪声α稳定特征参数变化也存在差异,上表面波导受冲击噪声影响α值变大,拖尾变薄;而下表面波导受冲击噪声影响α值则会变小,拖尾变重。      

基于多域特征提取和深度学习的声源被动测距*

由于实际海洋环境中存在大量的非高斯噪声,一些基于高斯假设的传统去噪方法在实际海洋环境中性能下降甚至失效。针对非高斯噪声,如α稳定分布噪声、非平稳行船噪声下的脉冲信号的去噪与重构,该文提出一种基于深度学习的方法。去噪模型首先通过学习带噪信号短时傅里叶变换谱与残差谱之间的映射关系以去除环境噪声,之后对去噪信号的时频谱进行逆变换重构脉冲信号。仿真实验结果表明,深度学习模型在非高斯噪声环境下脉冲信号的去噪与重构任务中有着良好的表现,在实测样本上也表现出良好的泛化性,体现了一定的工程应用价值。     

海洋环境噪声中的α稳定分布模型

针对海洋环境噪声的非高斯特性,将α稳定分布模型应用到噪声统计建模中。基于模型特征指数与样本峰度物理意义的相似性,建立了二者的对应关系,并推导得出相互独立的两个随机变量之和的峰度。通过数值仿真,表明了α稳定分布对尖峰态噪声建模的可行性和适应性。以安静环境、气枪干扰、航船干扰3种典型环境下的海上实测数据为样本,借助分位数图判断了样本的非高斯特性,并利用分位数法和特征函数法联合估计了模型的参数,得出了特征指数的统计规律:安静环境下特征指数接近2.0,趋近于正态分布;气枪干扰下特征指数介于1.2~1.7之间,具有尖峰厚尾特性;航船干扰下与航速、干扰源到接收位置距离有关,航船影响越显著,特征指数越小,该现象恰好与干扰噪声的峰度变化在物理意义上一致。模型验证结果表明,α稳定分布对3类样本均表现出良好的建模效果,尤其对具有尖峰特性的气枪干扰噪声,效果远远优于正态分布。      

一种α稳定分布参数估计方法及其在冰源噪声统计建模中的应用

为研究冰源噪声的统计特性,扩展了一种用于合成孔径雷达图像信号参数估计的α稳定分布参数估计方法的适用范围,解决了该方法在特征指数α接近2时,偏斜参数β的估计精度严重下降的问题,并将其应用于北极冰源噪声的统计建模中。该方法利用两个特征函数点进行参数估计,第二个特征函数点ω₀的取值范围受尺度参数γ值影响。数值仿真表明:当γ∈[0.00006,0.4]时,ω₀> 1时的参数估计性能更好;当γ∈(0.4,2]时, 0 <ω₀ <0.5时的参数估计性能更好。北极噪声数据的验证结果表明,ω₀> 1时的α稳定分布对冰源噪声表现出良好的建模效果。最后给出了不同海冰状态下α值的统计规律。     

贝叶斯频率估计中频率的先验分布对有色噪声作用的影响

在贝叶斯参数估计理论框架下,研究了被测参数的先验分布对有色噪声的抑制作用.选择一个受1/f~α型谱密度有色噪声影响的自旋1/2量子比特作为量子探测系统来估计一个磁场强度的大小,利用贝叶斯代价函数的动力学演化来评判估计的精度,重点研究先验概率分布对噪声非高斯性的限制作用.研究发现:当先验概率的不确定度比较大时,有色噪声的非高斯性对频率估计精度的影响比较小;当先验概率的不确定度比较小时,有色噪声的非高斯性对频率估计精度的影响比较大.     

n型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管噪声非高斯性研究

基于n型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（nMOSFET）噪声的数涨落模型,采用高阶统计量双相干系数平方和研究了nMOSFET噪声的非高斯性.通过对nMOSFET实际测试噪声的分析,发现nMOSFET器件噪声存在非高斯性;小尺寸器件噪声的非高斯性强于大尺寸器件;在器件的强反型线性区,其非高斯性随着漏压的增加而增加.文中还通过蒙特卡罗模拟和中心极限定理理论对nMOSFET噪声的非高斯性作了深入的探讨. 关键词： 噪声 非高斯性 n型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 氧化层陷阱     

一种改进的非整数自适应时延估计方法*

针对基于时延估计的机电设备故障声定位中的低信噪比和脉冲噪声情况,用α稳定分布建模噪声,改进了非整数自适应时延估计方法。共变相关法对观测序列进行时延估计粗测,将得到的估计值作为非整数自适应时延估计器的初值;将共变相关法中共变序列作为时延估计器的输入信号,在最小平均p范数准则下迭代得到非整数时延估计值。共变序列保留了原始序列间的时延信息,削弱了不相关的噪声。计算机仿真对比实验验证了改进的方法在脉冲环境和低信噪比条件下有更好的性能。     

分数低阶协方差谱用于改进的时延估计方法

时延估计技术是一项活跃的研究课题。近年来,满足稳定分布的脉冲噪声模型得到了广泛的研究,并在时延估计技术中得到了应用。为提高时延估计方法在脉冲噪声环境下的估计精度和稳定性,本文提出了一种改进的基于分数低阶协方差谱的广义互相关时延估计方法,并进一步引入经验参数对所提出方法的性能进行调整。仿真分析表明,新方法在高斯和脉冲噪声环境条件下都具有良好的顽健性。     

非高斯噪声激励下含周期信号FitzHugh-Nagumo系统的响应特征

研究了非高斯噪声激励下含周期信号的FHN模型的动力学行为. 通过计算神经元的平均响应时间、观察神经元的共振活化和噪声增强稳定现象,分析了非高斯噪声对神经元动力学行为的影响. 发现通过改变非高斯噪声的相关时间可以有效地改变共振活化和噪声增强稳定现象. 观察到在强相关噪声下不同强度的非高斯噪声抑制了神经元的噪声增强稳定现象而共振活化现象几乎不变,也就是非高斯噪声有效地增强了神经响应的效率. 观察了平均响应时间与非高斯噪声参数q之间的关系,当q为一个有限的小于1的值时,平均响应时间取得最小值. 最后表明在一定条件下,非高斯噪声出现重尺度现象,即非高斯噪声产生的效果可以由高斯白噪声来估计. 关键词： FHN神经系统 非高斯噪声 平均响应时间 共振活化现象     

非高斯噪声激励下FitzHugh-Nagumo神经元系统的随机共振

研究了乘性非高斯噪声和加性高斯白噪声共同激励下FitzHugh-Nagumo(FHN) 神经元系统的随机共振问题. 利用路径积分法和两态模型理论, 推导出系统信噪比的表达式. 研究结果表明: 系统参数在不同的取值条件下, FHN神经元模型出现了随机共振和双重随机共振现象. 此外, 非高斯参数q在不同的取值条件下, 乘性噪声强度和加性噪声强度对信噪比的影响是不同的. 非高斯噪声的加入有利于增强FHN神经元系统的信号响应.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.