含氮氟化类金刚石(FN-DLC)薄膜的研究：(Ⅱ)射频功率对薄膜光学带隙的影响

以CF₄,CH₄和N₂为源气体，采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积法，在不同射频功率下制备了含氮氟化类金刚石薄膜样品.原子力显微形貌显示，低功率下沉积样品表面致密均匀.拉曼及傅里叶变换红外光谱分析显示，随着射频功率的改变，薄膜的结构和组分也随之变化.紫外-可见光透射光谱证明薄膜具有紫外强吸收特性，通过计算得到其光学带隙在1.89—2.29 eV之间.结果表明，射频功率增加，薄膜内sp²C含量增加，或者说C=C交联相对浓度增加、F的相对浓度降低，导致薄膜内π-π^*带边态密度增大，光学带隙减小. 关键词： 含氮氟化类金刚石薄膜 射频功率 光学带隙     

反应磁控溅射法制备的氟化类金刚石薄膜的XPS结构研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射法用高纯石墨作靶、三氟甲烷(CHF₃)和氩气(Ar)作源气体制 备了氟化类金刚石（FDLC）薄膜，通过XPS光谱结合拉曼光谱、红外透射光谱和紫外 可见光光谱研究了源气体流量比等工艺条件对薄膜中键结构、sp2/sp3杂化比以及光学带隙等性能的影响.结果表明在低功率(60W)、高气压(2.0Pa)和适当的流量比(Ar/CHF₃=2∶ 1)下利用射频反应磁控溅射法可制备出氟含量高且具有较宽光学带隙和超低介电常数的FDLC薄膜. 关键词： 反应磁控溅射 氟化类金刚石薄膜 红外透射光谱 XPS光谱     

氮分压对氮化铜薄膜结构及光学带隙的影响

在不同的氮分压r(r=N₂/［N₂+Ar］)和射频功率P下，使用反应射频磁控溅射法，在玻璃基片上制备了氮化铜薄膜样品.用台阶仪测得了薄膜的厚度，用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光谱仪对薄膜的表面形貌、结构及光学性质进行了表征分析.结果表明，薄膜的沉积速率随P和r的增加而增大.薄膜表面致密均匀，晶粒尺寸为30nm左右.随着r的增加，薄膜颗粒增大，且薄膜由(111)晶面转向(100)晶面择优生长.薄膜的光学带隙E_g在1.47—1.82eV之间，随r的增加而增大. 关键词： 氮化铜薄膜 反应射频磁控溅射 晶体结构 光学带隙     

膜厚对射频磁控溅射法制备的SnS薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备SnS薄膜,用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR)分别对所制备的薄膜晶体结构、组分、表面形貌、厚度、反射率和透过率进行表征分析。研究结果表明:薄膜厚度的增加有利于改善薄膜的结晶质量和组分配比,晶粒尺寸和颗粒尺寸随着厚度的增加而变大。样品的折射率在1 500~2 500 nm波长范围内随着薄膜厚度的增加而增大。样品在可见光区域吸收强烈,吸收系数达10⁵ cm^-1量级。禁带宽度在薄膜厚度增加到1 042 nm时为1.57 eV,接近于太阳电池材料的的最佳光学带隙(1.5 eV)。     

近红外波段锑基铋掺杂薄膜厚度对光学常数与光学带隙的影响

采用磁控溅射法制备了不同厚度的锑基铋掺杂薄膜,用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了薄膜结构随厚度的变化。利用椭圆偏振法测定了样品薄膜在近红外波段的光学常数与光学带隙,研究了膜厚对样品薄膜光学常数和光学带隙的影响。结果表明,膜厚从7 nm增加至100 nm时,其结构由非晶态转变为晶态。在950～2200 nm波段,不同厚度薄膜样品的折射率在4.6～8.9范围,消光系数在0.6～5.8范围,光学带隙在0.32～0.16 eV范围。随着膜厚的增加,薄膜的折射率和光学带隙减小,而消光系数升高;光学常数在膜厚50 nm时存在临界值,其原因是临界值前后薄膜微观结构变化不同。     

电子回旋共振等离子体增强沉积氟化非晶碳薄膜的光学性质

用紫外可见光透射光谱(UV-VIS)并结合键结构的X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和红外谱(FTIR)分析,研究了电子回旋共振等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备的氟化非晶碳薄膜的光吸收和光学带隙性质.在微波功率为140—700W、源气体CHF₃∶C₆H₆比例为1∶1—10∶1条件下沉积的薄膜,光学带隙在1.76—2.85eV之间.薄膜中氟的引入对吸收边和光学带隙产生较大的影响,吸收边随氟含量的提高而增大,光学带隙则主要取决于CF键的含量,是由于强电负 关键词： 氟化非晶碳薄膜 光吸收与光学带隙 电子回旋共振等离子体     

氧分压对磁控溅射制备ZnO薄膜的结构及光学特性的影响

采用射频反应磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上成功制备出具有c轴高择优取向的ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射及紫外-可见吸收和透射光谱研究了氧分压变化对ZnO薄膜的微观结构及光吸收特性的影响。结果表明,当工作气压恒定时,用射频反应磁控溅射制备的ZnO薄膜的生长行为主要取决于成膜空间中氧的密度,合适的氧分压能够提高ZnO薄膜的结晶质量;薄膜在可见光区的平均透过率达到90%以上,且随着氧分压的增大,薄膜的光学带隙发生了一定程度的变化。采用量子限域模型对薄膜的光学带隙作了相应的理论计算,计算结果与对样品吸收谱所作的拟合结果符合较好,二者的变化趋势完全一致,表明ZnO纳米晶粒较小时,薄膜光学带隙的变化与量子限域效应有很大关系。     

低温铝诱导晶化制备纳米晶硅薄膜的物相和光学性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射镀膜系统,在玻璃衬底上制备了非晶硅(α-Si)/铝(Al)复合薄膜,结合氮气(N₂)气氛中低温快速光热退火制备了纳米晶硅(nc-Si)薄膜;利用光学显微镜、共焦光学显微仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼散射光谱(Raman)仪和紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计(UV-VIS-NIR)对纳米晶硅薄膜的表面形貌、物相及光学性能进行了表征,研究了退火工艺对薄膜性能的影响。结果表明： 300 ℃,25 min光热退火可使α-Si/Al膜晶化为纳米晶硅薄膜,晶化率为15.56%,晶粒尺寸为1.75 nm;退火温度从300 ℃逐渐升高到400 ℃,纳米晶硅薄膜晶粒尺寸、晶化率、带隙逐渐增加,表面均匀性、晶格畸变量逐渐减小;退火温度从400 ℃逐渐升高到500 ℃,纳米晶硅薄膜的晶粒尺寸、晶化率继续增加,带隙则逐渐降低;采用纳米晶硅薄膜的吸光模型验证了所制备的纳米晶硅薄膜的光学特性,其光学带隙的变化趋势与吸光模型得出的结果一致。     

脉冲溅射功率对含硅量子点SiC_x薄膜的结构和光学特性的影响

采用射频和脉冲磁控共溅射法并结合快速光热退火法制备了含硅量子点的SiC_x薄膜.采用掠入射X射线衍射、喇曼光谱、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对薄膜进行表征.研究了脉冲溅射功率对薄膜中硅量子点数量、尺寸、晶化率和薄膜光学带隙的影响.结果表明:当溅射功率从70 W增至100 W时,硅量子点数量增多,尺寸增至5.33nm,晶化率增至68.67%,而光学带隙则减至1.62eV;随着溅射功率进一步增至110 W时,硅量子点数量减少,尺寸减至5.12nm,晶化率降至55.13%,而光学带隙却增至2.23eV.在本实验条件下,最佳溅射功率为100 W.     

射频功率对PECVD制备类金刚石薄膜光学性能的影响

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)法在石英片上生长类金刚石薄膜。通过紫外可见分光光度计、椭偏仪测试手段,研究不同射频功率条件下类金刚石薄膜的光学性能的变化。结果表明,射频功率对类金刚石薄膜的生长具有重要影响,在较低功率下生长的类金刚石薄膜,具有较高的光学透过率和较大的光学带隙。     

射频磁控溅射法制备SnS薄膜及其结构和光学特性

利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上沉积SnS薄膜并对其进行快速退火处理,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)分光光度计研究了不同溅射功率(60~120 W)条件下制备的SnS薄膜的晶体结构、物相组成、化学组分、表面形貌以及有关光学特性。结果表明:经快速退火的薄膜均已结晶,提高溅射功率有利于改善薄膜的结晶质量、生长择优取向程度和化学配比,薄膜的平均颗粒尺寸呈增大趋势;溅射功率为100 W的薄膜样品的结晶质量和择优取向度高,薄膜应变最小,且为纯相SnS薄膜,Sn/S组分的量比为1∶1.09,吸收系数达10~5cm~(-1)量级,直接禁带宽度为1.54 eV。     

Preparation and properties of SnS film grown by two-stage process

SnS films have been prepared by a novel two-stage process. It involved sputtering of Sn film on glass substrate and sulfurization of the thin metallic tin precursor layers in a vacuum furnace. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the SnS layers had orthorhombic structure and (0 4 0) preferential growth is more and more obvious with the increase of sulfurization time. The SnS film obtained by this work shows high optical absorption efficiency, and the film has a direct optical band gap of about 1.3 eV. The films show p-type conductivity and the resistivity of SnS film decreased obviously under illumination.     

Preparation and Characterization of SnS:Bi Thin Films

Thin films based on Sn-S compounds are currently of great interest because of their potential applications in optoelectronic devices including solar cells. In this work, SnS:Bi thin films are prepared using a novel procedure based on sulfurization of their metallic precursors, varying the Bi content. The effect of the synthesis conditions on the optical properties, phase, and chemical composition of the SnS:Bi thin films was studied through spectral transmittance, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was established from transmittance measurements that the optical gap of the deposited films varies between 1.27 and 1.37 eV depending on the Bi content. The analysis revealed that the SnS:Bi thin films grow with a mixture of several phases which include SnS, Sn₂S₃ SnS₂, and Bi₂S₃, depending on the Bi concentration. The studies also revealed that the conductivity type of the SnS:Bi films depends on the Bi content in the SnS lattice.     

Existence of multiple phases and defect states of SnS absorber and its detrimental effect on efficiency of SnS solar cell

Tin sulfide (SnS) film is grown by sputtering process with subsequent post-sulfurization. As-deposited SnS consists of orthorhombic and cubic structure SnS whereas post-sulfurized films showed pure orthorhombic crystal structure. This structural transformation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy. We used post-annealed SnS film as an absorber layer of solar cell. The fabricated SnS solar cell was composed of SLG/Mo/SnS/CdS/i-ZnO/ITO. We measured current density-voltage (J-V) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves for the completed devices. The best efficiency of SnS solar cell was ∼0.5%. The EQE curve showed existence of multiple phases of SnS, even though XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed pure SnS phase. The multiple phases were observed again by photoluminescence (PL). PL also revealed deep defect states of SnS absorber. Thus, the inhomogeneous SnS absorber is one of the main bottlenecks for high efficiency SnS solar cell.     

PLD制备的Cu掺杂SnS薄膜的结构和光学特性

利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)在玻璃衬底上制备了Cu掺杂SnS薄膜.靶材是由SnS和Cu₂S粉末混合压制而成(Cu和Sn的量比分别为0%、2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%).利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR)、Keithley 4200-SCS半导体参数分析仪研究了Cu掺杂量对SnS薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、光学性质和电学性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的SnS薄膜样品沿(111)晶面择优取向生长, SnS :5%Cu薄膜的结晶质量最好且具有SnS特征拉曼峰.随着Cu掺杂量的增大, 平均颗粒尺寸逐渐增大.不同Cu掺杂量的薄膜在可见光范围内的吸收系数均为10⁵ cm^-1数 量级.SnS :5%Cu薄膜的禁带宽度E_g为2.23 eV, 光暗电导率比值为2.59.同时, 在玻璃衬底上制备了p-SnS :Cu/n-ZnS 异质结器件, 器件在暗态及光照的条件下均有良好的整流特性, 并具有较弱的光伏特性.     

Thermal and optical properties of Cd2SnO4 thin films using photoacoustic spectroscopy

Cadmium stannate (Cd₂SnO₄) thin films were prepared by the RF magnetron sputtering technique on glass substrates with substrate temperatures of room temperature (RT), 100°C, 200°C and 300°C. Photoacoustic analyses were made to obtain the thermal diffusivity and the optical bandgap values of the Cd₂SnO₄ thin films. The change in thermal diffusivity of the films with the substrate temperature was analyzed. The optical bandgap values obtained from the photoacoustic spectroscopy were compared with the values obtained from the optical transmittance spectra. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies confirm the formation of stoichiometric films. Surface morphological studies by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the crystalline nature of the films deposited at 100°C.     

Effects of high-energy ion-beam irradiation on structural and optical properties of (Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3 thin films

We report the structural and optical properties of high-energy ion-beam irradiated Co-doped magnesium titanate thin films. (Mg_0.95Co_0.05)TiO₃ (MCT) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Subsequently, the films were annealed for crystallinity and were irradiated with 100?MeV Ag ions by varying the ion fluence. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the films before and after the irradiation were refined using the Rietveld refinement and the variations in the lattice parameters were correlated with the ion fluence. Although, annealing of thin films results in an enhancement in refractive index and optical bandgap, the ion fluence induces significant changes in the refractive index and optical bandgap. Atomic force microscopy is employed to study the surface morphology of the films. The impact of ion fluence on structural and optical properties of MCT thin films has been investigated.     

脉冲溅射V2O5薄膜结构和性能研究

V2O5薄膜具有很好的离子注入/退出可逆性,是最有潜力的锂离子储存层的候选材料之一,它的电学特性与制备方法、化学计量比、结构和取向等有直接关系,仔细控制工艺参量是制备出在锂电池上应用的V2O5薄膜关键。研究中采用脉冲磁控反应溅射方法,通过精确地控制氧分压、基底温度等关键工艺参量,在石英玻璃和硅片上制备V2O5薄膜。利用X射线衍射和X射线光电子谱,分析了薄膜的成分、相结构、结晶和价态情况,用原子力显微镜表征了薄膜的微观结构,用分光光度计测量从200—2500nm波段V2O5薄膜纯度高、相结构单一、结晶度好。高低温电阻变化2个量级,薄膜的光学能隙为2.46eV。