HL—1装置脉冲送气控制等离子体密度实验

本文描述HL-1装置用脉冲送气控制等离子体密度的实验。其结果表明等离子体建立后工作气体的快速注入(即边缘加料)能提高等离子体密度,改善等离子体性能。在较好地控制装置放电条件后(主要是等离子体电流,位移和杂质控制),多脉冲或长脉冲补充送气能在较宽范围内(0.8—7.0×10~(19)·m~(-3))有效地控制等离子体密度及波形,装置稳定运行区域大为扩展。最后讨论了器壁再循环对密度控制的影响和送气的加料效率。     

HL—1装置等离子体密度反馈实验

本文叙述HL-1装置用反馈脉冲补充送气方式控制等离子体密度的方法及实验结果。给出了在固有的物理实验条件下的最佳反馈方式,实现了对密度的有效控制及反馈。讨论了在不同密度条件下的几种反馈方式及反馈系统尚存在的不足之处。     

HL-1装置杂质控制与补充送气初步实验

将部分真空室内壁蒸钛,使Z_(eff)降低到2左右,电流坪区拉长到近400ms。用多个窄脉冲补充送气,获得了密度较高的等离子体,最大达到3. 7×10~(13)cm。实验结果表明,当前改善HL-1装置放电品质的关键在于控制杂质。     

HL-1装置碳氧杂质的质谱分析

本文描述了分析等离子体中C,O杂质的质谱法;用快速测量系统记录了杂质组分的时间行为;根据实验波形估算了HL-1等离子体中C+O的平均密度在脉冲送气下为4.5×10~11cm~(-3),连续送气下为6.1×10~11cm~(-3);由此等离子体中C+O的百分含量约为2％。     

HL-1装置脉冲送气的数值研究

本文采用一维等离子体输运模型,研究了脉冲送气对HL-1装置等离子体的影响。脉冲送气使等离子体密度提高1—2倍,能量约束时间增长50％,离子温度也有所提高;脉冲送气过程中,等离子体边缘迅速冷却,电流通道收缩,中心区域电子温度平直化。     

氰化氢激光干涉仪测量HL-1装置等离子体电子密度

本文叙述在HL-1装置上为测量平均电子密度n_e(i)而建立的,长探测臂迈克尔逊(Michelson)型转动光栅调相式氰化氢激光干涉仪(长臂HCN激光干涉仪)及其实验结果。并采用Apple-Ⅱ微机对密度数据进行实时处理,在脉冲送气实验中和破裂不稳定性发生时,观测了电子密度变化。本实验在电子密度(1—3)×10~(13)cm~(-3)范围内的测量误差约为(4—10)％。     

HL-1装置(?)_(eff)值的光谱法测量

利用光谱方法,在HL-1托卡马克装置上,测量了波长536nm附近等离子体轫致辐射连续谱的绝对强度。由此得到等离子体赤道平面中心弦的Z_(eff),并研究了蒸钛和脉冲送气对Z_(eff)的影响。在一系列放电中,未加蒸钛和脉冲送气时,接近中心区的Z_(eff)值为4—10,加蒸钛和多脉冲送气时,Z_(eff)值降到2.6—4。     

用钛吸气方法改善HL-1装置的等离子体性能

用钛吸气方法减少了HL-1托卡马克等离子体中的杂质和气体再循环率,使Z_(eff)降低到1.6;在程序控制送气技术的配合下,有效地控制了密度变化,获得线平均密度元_max=4.9×10~(19)m~(-3)的较高密度的稳定放电;成功地扩展了运行参数空间。     

中国环流器二号A(HL-2A)超声分子束注入最新结果

HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热时,氘脉冲超声分子束穿越分界面,等离子体各项重要参数,包括等离子体储能、极向比压、中平面线平均密度、中心密度和温度上升,中子产额急剧增加. 超声分子束注入有可能较常规脉冲送气在台基顶部提供较强的粒子源,被认为是可供ITER替换脉冲送气的加料方法之一. HL-2A装置氢超声分子束注入的平均速度约为1.7km,与溢流(分子流)注入真空的速度测量作了比较. 关键词： 超声分子束注入 托卡马克 飞行时间法 加料     

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用密度调制的方法研究了等离子体中粒子输运问题。采用了注入脉冲式补充送气和超声分子束两种不同的密度调制方法。在HL-2A装置常规欧姆放电的情况下,运用有限差分法和Nagashima矩阵技术,求解了粒子平衡方程。计算出了粒子的输运系数(对流速度v和扩散系数D)。研究了粒子输运系数与等离子体线平均密度之间的关系。实验结果表明,在欧姆放电的情况下,等离子体芯部的粒子对流速度方向始终是向内的,并且密度低时,粒子输运系数(粒子扩散系数D和对流速度v)较大;密度高时,粒子输运系数较小。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.