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精确的背景校正决定着冷原子吸收法检测痕量汞的检测下限,研究了基于普通汞灯光源的横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法.汞灯光源253.65 nm共振谱线在磁场中垂直于磁场方向产生σ-,σ+和π三个线偏振光.利用超高分辨率光谱仪获取不同磁场强度下汞样品池对σ-,σ+和π线偏振光的吸光度,分析横向塞曼效应背景校正方法所需的最小磁场强度;在1.78 T强磁场强度下,分析了窄带吸收气体苯、宽带吸收气体丙酮对横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法可能存在的干扰;利用σ-,σ+作为背景光,π线偏振光作为吸收光,对不同长度的饱和汞蒸气样品池测量,精确背景校正后,吸光度拟合曲线R值达到0.99.实验结果表明基于普通汞灯光源的横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法可以实现精确背景校正,能够应用于大气环境痕量汞检测. 相似文献
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汞原子的谱线系包括单层和三层结构,不仅二者在磁场中的塞曼分裂存在差异,而且对于三层结构的线系,其塞曼分裂也比较丰富,在垂直于磁场方向观察,随偏振片角度不同,可以依次观察到σ线及π线2种成分,但实验室用的塞曼效应仪所附带的数据处理程序只适用于三层结构线系,利用π线实现比荷测量. 为了扩展仪器的适用范围,在分析汞光谱塞曼分裂波数差的基础上,对比荷公式进行了修改,并编写了相应的处理程序,实际应用效果较好. 相似文献
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利用大气的弹性散射信号与整个转动拉曼信号的比值,不需要假设任何的气溶胶的消光与后项散射比值,就可得到大气气溶胶的后项散射比。通常测量部分转动拉曼谱线之和代替全部转动拉曼谱线之和。全部的转动拉曼谱线之和是不依赖温度,但部分的转动拉曼谱线之和却是与温度有关的。因此,利用转动部分拉曼谱线之和反演大气气溶胶的后项散射比就会带来误差。模拟了随温度变化不同转动量子数的拉曼谱线之和,并且计算了由这些不同转动拉曼谱线之和反演大气气溶胶后项散射比的误差。然后文章提出了一种新的方法,不需要测量整个转动拉曼谱线之和,而只需要测量单条转动拉曼谱线及大气温度,就可以获得大气气溶胶的后项散射比。最后通过实验给出了实际测量的大气气溶胶的后项散射比的结果。 相似文献
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在电弧等离子体的光谱诊断中,标准温度法测温原理与目前先进的图像传感技术相结合,通过特征谱图像完成电弧全场温度信息采集,因其良好的时、空分辨率而被广泛应用于电弧温度测量。但是谱线的发射系数与等离子体温度不是单调变化关系,传统标准温度法选取一条ArⅠ谱线完成对电弧等离子体的测量,在电弧内部的高温电离区域产生谱线辐射强度降低的现象,需要人为判定电弧不同位置所处的温度区间才能完成温度的计算,整个过程无法通过软件自主完成。针对此问题,根据电弧等离子体的局部热力学平衡条件,探索一种基于双特征谱线的标准温度法测温原理,通过融合电弧在外层低温区域聚集的Ar原子发出的ArⅠ谱线发射系数场,和在高温区域的Ar一次电离离子所发出的ArⅡ特征谱线发射系数场,将达到ArⅠ谱线标准温度的位置处的ArⅡ谱线发射系数作为电弧不同温度区域的判定依据,完成电弧等离子体高温区域的自动判别,继而应用ArⅠ谱线发射系数与温度对应关系在电弧高、低温区域分别计算电弧温度,消除单一的ArⅠ谱线发射系数场暗区给计算带来的不利影响;设计并搭建了一种镜前分幅采集系统,其中分光镜将弧光等能量分成两束,利用两组反射镜和窄带滤光片建立起两路光学通道,使CMOS在一次曝光中完成两组电弧特征谱图像的采集,并且两幅图像的采集时刻、焦距、光圈等拍摄参数完全一致,达到良好的时间、空间一致性,从而减小谱线融合时误差的输出,满足了原位获取两组电弧特征谱图像的需求;为验证测量系统可行性以及后期的电弧图像提取,以黑白棋盘为标靶,用Harris算子对系统采集的图像进行扫描,根据角点坐标证明系统所采集的两幅图像具有良好的一致性,并且据此将两幅图像做归一化处理,以便后期的电弧特征谱图像的提取;通过假设所测电弧等离子具有轴对称属性,以CMOS所采集的特征谱图像亮度信息作为电弧发射系数场在不同角度下的投影依据,经过中值滤波降噪后,利用ML-EM迭代重建算法求解电弧的三维发射系数分布。实验中,选择受自吸收效应影响较小的ArⅠ696.5 nm谱线和ArⅡ480.6 nm谱线为测量目标,并且在696.5 nm谱线的光通路中加入OD0.4的中性减光片,使两幅特征谱图像的最高亮度值保持一致。选取150A焊接等离子弧为测量对象,经ML-EM法三维还原后,将两条谱线发射系数场等像素融合,在ArⅠ谱线发射系数达到最大值的像素点位置处,ArⅡ谱线发射系数达到εrp,判定ArⅡ谱线发射系数大于εrp的像素点位置为电弧高温区域,其余位置为低温区域,最终在不同温度区域自动完成焊接等离子弧的温度计算。实验结果表明696.5 nm谱线和480.6 nm谱线发射系数场融合后可以自动识别电弧高温区域,继而完成电弧等离子体的自动测量,为电弧温度实时监测的实现提供更多可能。 相似文献
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本文采用准经典轨线方法,在LEPS势基础上计算了Ca+CH3I→CaI+CH3在不同碰撞能下的矢量相关计算了质心系中四个广义极化微分反应截面(2π/σ)(dσ00/dωt),(2π/σ)(dσ20/dωt),(2π/σ)(dσ22+/dωt),(2π/σ)(dσ21-/dωt),k-j′两矢量相关的P(θr)分布、k-k′-j′三矢量相关的极角分布P(φr)以及用θr和φr表示的产物转动角动量的空间分布P(θr,φr). 相似文献
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一、前言 中性π介子是不稳定的粒子,平均寿命小于10~(-16)秒。它在产生后很快衰变为二个高能光子,这对光子几乎就从靶中π介子的地位飞出。因此,不能直接量到中性π介子;它们的产生特性(例如能谱和角分布),只能通过测量衰变所生的光子对来研究。通常从光子角分布可推出中性π分子角分布;但研究中性π介子的能谱则是很困难的。 过去研究中性π介子能谱的方法,一种是从单个γ线的能谱定出π~0能谱。但在推算时,由于对γ能谱取微分的处理方法,引起很大的不确定性。另一种是从光子对的角关 相似文献
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E. M. Baĭtinger 《Physics of the Solid State》2006,48(8):1461-1465
The π + σ plasmons in a strongly oriented pyrolitic graphite were studied experimentally using the characteristic electron energy loss technique with an angular resolution in the reflection mode. It was established that the bulk intralayer π + σ plasma bands have two branches with a positive and a negative dispersion, respectively. Each dispersion branch of the π + σ plasmons is a doublet. The interlayer plasmons are characterized by a positive dispersion coefficient only. The results are interpreted qualitatively based on the special features of the electronic band spectrum of graphite. The doublet arises because both dipole and multipole interband transitions similar in intensity are excited in graphite exposed to electron bombardment. 相似文献
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David Mehaffy Paul R. Keller James W. Taylor Thomas A. Carlson Manfred O. Krause Frederick A. Grimm John D. Allen 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》1982,26(3):213-221
As a test of the applicability of multiple-scattering theory to an unsaturated organic system, angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of the first four bands of ethylene have been measured from 1.5 eV above threshold to a photon energy of 28 eV. The results are compared to the multiple-scattering theory calculations of Grimm. The comparisons are excellent except for the 1 b3u orbital below 14 eV, and the disagreement is attributed to the occurrence of autoionization. It is found that the π orbital has a much higher β value than the σ orbitals, but the β value for the π orbital varies more rapidly than that for the σ orbitals from threshold to ~0.5 Rydberg (~7 eV). 相似文献
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Semi-empirical calculations have been carried out with the aim of achieving a better understanding of the CO-NiO interaction which results in an absorption band at a frequency higher than that of gaseous CO. It was concluded that the adsorbed form responsible for this band bonds through the carbon to a nickel ion of the oxide. Rearrangements of both σ and π electronic charge occur which strengthen the C-O bond and increase its vibration frequency (as measured by the C-O overlap population). Charge transfer takes place between the CO and the nickel ion, σ charge shifting to the ion and π charge to the CO. In the cases of Ni (II) and Ni (III), the σ shift considerably outweighs the π, resulting in net transfers of approximately 0.3 electrons from the CO to the Ni (II) and 0.6 electrons from the CO to the Ni(III). 相似文献
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透过率的计算是红外目标被动测距技术的核心,其精度直接影响到被测距离的精度,而仪器分辨率又直接影响到光谱信号的精度。为了研究光谱仪器分辨率对带平均透过率的影响,选用氧气A带为研究对象,采用基线拟合方式计算被测目标的带平均透过率,利用随机Malkmus模型计算被测目标距离,从而获得仪器分辨率对被动测距的影响。为此,搭建了被动测距实验系统,通过对卤素灯光源在不同距离的光谱测量,验证仪器分辨率对带平均模式被动测距的影响。首先,介绍氧气A带透过率的计算方法,计算理论值;以卤素灯为光源,利用光谱仪分别测量相同距离不同分辨率的光谱曲线,计算实测大气透过率,分析光谱分辨率对单谱线的影响;然后,在分析比较透过率模型和实测透过率谱线的基础上,对透过率计算模型进行拟合、校正,验证光谱分辨率对带模型的影响。对于单条谱线,仪器的不同分辨率可测得的谱线区别较大,而对带平均谱线,相同波数点的光谱信号取平均,获得平均效应,使得被测谱线几乎没有变化;分辨率的模型选择需根据不同的应用场合、不同的精度要求选择合适的分辨率。实验结果表明:分辨率对单谱线的透过率影响较大,随着分辨率的降低,被捕获的光谱信息点取值越少,被测目标距离相关系数越小;分辨率对带平均透过率的计算影响较小,不同分辨率下测得的目标距离,几乎重合;而仪器分辨率越高则测量时间越长,当使用带平均透过率计算被测目标距离,在精度要求范围内,可以适当降低仪器分辨率,从而极大地提高测量速度,并达到测量实时性,同时降低系统搭建的成本。该结论可为透过率测量的应用提供依据。 相似文献
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We study properties of hadrons in the O(4) linear σ model, where we take into account fluctuations of mesons around their mean field values using the Gaussian functional(GF) method. In the GF method we calculate dressed σ and π masses, where we include the effect of fluctuations of mesons to find a better ground state wave function than the mean field approximation. Then we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equations and calculate physical σand π masses. We recover the Nambu-Goldstone theorem for the physical pion mass to be zero in the chiral limit.The σ meson is a strongly correlated meson-meson state, and seems to have a two meson composite structure. We calculate σ and π masses as functions of temperature for both the chiral limit and explicit chiral symmetry breaking case. We get similar behaviors for the physical σ and π masses as the case of the mean field approximation, but the coupling constants are much larger than the values of the case of the mean field approximation. 相似文献
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The early application of the digital image processing (DIP) technique to automate photoelastic analysis is based on black and white image processing systems. The various methodologies reported can be said to rely upon one or more features of a black and white DIP system. With the advancements in computer technology, modern colour image processing systems are available at affordable prices. In such systems, the image is identified as a superposition of image planes of red, green and blue. This paper investigates whether one or all of the image planes can be thought of as behaving like an optical filter: with the hardware used, the green channel is found to behave in this way. This idea is then used to extend the phase-shifting technique to colour domain. For the problem of a disk under diametral compression, total fringe order variation along a few lines is evaluated by this new technique and compared with theoretical predictions: the comparison is found to be good. 相似文献
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A. M. Shikin M. V. Poigin Yu. S. Dedkov S. L. Molodtsov V. K. Adamchuk 《Physics of the Solid State》2000,42(6):1170-1175
The ytterbium intercalation under a graphite monolayer formed on the Ni(111) surface has been studied by Auger electron and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The features of the electronic structure of the intercalate-like thin-film compound formed in this process are analyzed. It is shown that the energy shift of the π and σ states in the valence band toward higher binding energies (by ~2 and ~1 eV, respectively) can be described in terms of hybridization of the carbon π states in the graphite monolayer with the d states of the underlying metal. 相似文献
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为解决电磁辐射干扰环境中图像稳定传输的问题,设计并开发了具有抗强电磁干扰能力的光纤束传像系统。利用ZEMAX光学设计软件,对传像系统中前置物镜和后置目镜分别进行了设计,并根据物镜和目镜的初始像差分布情况,利用优化函数,结合各种操作数,对系统的像差进一步优化。优化结果表明,物镜各视场的光学调制传递函数(MTF)值在空间频率为38 lp/mm处大于0.85,目镜各视场的MTF值在空间频率为120 lp/mm处大于0.3,具有较高的成像质量。针对选用的物镜、目镜、光纤束及CCD的结构特点,设计并制备出系统连接的耦合器件,并搭建了一套传像系统,进行图像传输实验。对系统的成像质量以及影响因素进行分析,采用Gamma算法提高像面亮度,获得了高质量的传输图像。 相似文献