高精度消色差相位延迟器的新设计

消色差相位延迟器是在某一宽度光谱范围内使用的光相位延迟器件。从相位延迟的全反射相变理论出发,对斜入射消色差相位延迟原理进行阐述,参考菲涅耳棱镜的具体设计形式,对引起相位延迟变化的参量进行分析,通过选择合适的材料新设计出了特殊角度入射的高精度相位延迟器,其理论曲线显示,在365~1150nm的光谱区域内延迟偏差小于0.4°,是常规相位延迟器在相同条件下的五分之一,是一种宽广谱范围内、负延迟偏差小、精度高的消色差相位延迟器。     

激光雷达精确修正对流层目标定位误差

提出了一种利用纯转动拉曼激光雷达修正对流层目标定位误差的方法,其基本思想是通过接收氮气和氧气的纯转动拉曼回波信号反演大气折射率垂直廓线,根据目标定位误差理论修正不同高度处目标物的总折射角和高度定位修正值.结果表明：通过纯转动拉曼激光雷达反演大气折射率廓线,可较好修正目标定位误差.计算定位误差时得出相同高度处目标物的总折射角和高度定位修正值随视仰角的增加而减小.当视仰角为10°时,位于8 km高度处的目标物总偏折角可达3.15′,高度定位修正值为14.55 m.当视仰角为30°时,相同高度处目标物总偏折角仅 关键词： 激光雷达 定位误差 大气折射指数 大气温度     

Analysis of influence of atmosphere extinction to Raman lidar monitoring CO2 concentration profile

Lidar （Light detection and ranging） system monitoring of the atmosphere is a novel and powerful technique tool. The Raman lidar is well established today as a leading research tool in the study of numerous important areas in the atmospheric sciences. In this paper, the principle of Raman lidar technique measurement CO2 concentration profile is presented and the errors caused by molecular and aerosol extinction for CO2 concentration profile measurement with Raman lidar are also presented. The standard atmosphere extinction profile and ＇real-time＇ Hefei area extinction profile are used to conduct correction and the corresponding results are yielded. Simulation results with standard atmosphere mode correction indicate that the errors caused by molecule and aerosol extinction should be counted for the reason that they could reach about 8 ppm and 5 ppm respectively. The relative error caused by Hefei area extinction correction could reach about 6%. The errors caused by the two components extinction influence could produce significant changes for CO2 concentration profile and need to be counted in data processing which could improve the measurement accuracies.     

Capability of Raman lidar for monitoring the variation of atmospheric CO2 profile

Lidar （Light detection and ranging） has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO2 in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.     

Convenient method for calibrating system constant of scanning water vapor Raman lidar

<正>Lower tropospheric water vapor measurements are performed at nighttime using the mobile atmosphere monitoring lidar-2(AML-2) which is operated by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics.In this lidar system,a 354.7-nm light from a Nd:YAG laser is used as stimulating source,whose Raman shifted center wavelengths are at 386.7 and 407.5 nm for nitrogen and water vapor,respectively.We present a novel and convenient method for determining the Raman lidar calibration constant according to the scanning performance of this lidar.We are likewise able to realize the measurement of water vapor profile in the low troposphere.The error induced by the uncertainty of calibrated constants is within 7% for the Raman lidar system.Experimental results from two months of study indicate that the method of calibrating the lidar system constant is feasible,and the Raman lidar performance is stable and reliable.     

Optimized design of parallel beam-splitting prism

A large lateral shearing distance of parallel beam-splitting prism is often needed in laser modulation and polarization interference. In this letter, we present an optimized design of parallel beam-splitting prism and list some different cases in detail. The optimized design widens the use range of parallel beam-splitting prism. At the wavelength of 632.8 nm, the law that the enlargement ratio changes with the refractive index and the apex angle is verified.     

非线性拉曼激光雷达系统检测CO2气体的受激拉曼过程

 利用气体的受激拉曼散射增益效应的非线性雷达技术是探测大气中的CO₂气体的重要方法，用Nd:YAG固体激光器（1 064 nm）的三倍频光（354.7 nm）注入装有CO₂和N₂高压气体的拉曼管中，气体的受激拉曼散射（SRS）过程产生两种气体的一阶斯托克斯光，用来作为拉曼雷达的发射种子光源。介绍了产生光源的实验装置，论述了SRS中气体气压变化与一阶斯托克斯光能量输出变化的定量关系，得到最佳能量输出的优化条件，并对SRS中一阶斯托克斯光产生过程的物理机制进行了讨论。并根据光源的试验结果，设计了非线性受激拉曼雷达系统，对前期的普通拉曼雷达进行了实验，得到了初步的实验结果。     

Capability of Raman lidar for monitoring the variation of atmospheric CO2 profile

Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO$_{2}$ in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.     

基于三级Fabry-Perot标准具的纯转动拉曼测温激光雷达

提出了新的纯转动拉曼测温雷达系统,即以种子激光注入锁定的Nd:YAG激光器为激发光源,采用基于三级Fabry-Perot(F-P)标准具的双通道分光结构代替双光栅单色仪结构.通过通道中宽带滤光片(带宽为7nm)及F-P标准具的组合使用,对532nm激发光的大气Mie-Rayleigh弹性回波散射抑制比可达10^-10,对量子数J=±6,J=±12的N₂纯转动拉曼散射光谱线接收带宽均小于10pm,因此能充分抑制大气背景辐射噪声及O₂纯转动拉曼谱线的干扰,从而实现了单谱线比反演温度,提高了探测精度,且可在白昼探测大气对流层温度.最后通过探空气球测得的对流层温度垂直分布逆向模拟了该系统双通道的Raman信号曲线,证实了该系统的可行性. 关键词： 拉曼激光雷达 纯转动拉曼散射 三级Fabry-Perot标准具 对流层