温度对脱硫剂钙利用率和蒸汽活化效果的影响

在中温烟气脱硫过程中,蒸汽活化对于提高脱硫剂的钙利用率和脱硫效率起到了显著的作用。为了确定温度对于蒸汽活化效果的影响,研究了200～800℃的蒸汽温度范围内钙利用率的变化,给出了合适的蒸汽活化温度。进而分别在400、600、800℃条件下研究了脱硫反应温度与蒸汽活化温度的关系,提出了中温循环流化床烟气脱硫的适用温度范围。     

中温烟气脱硫过程中CO2对脱硫剂钙利用率的影响

本文在300～600℃的中温区段,实验研究了CO2在烟气脱硫过程中与钙基脱硫剂发生碳酸盐还原反应,削弱脱硫效果的规律,发现石灰钙利用率随温度升高呈跳跃式变化,并因碳酸盐反应程度的迅速增加而在500℃附近出现低谷.由此明确了减小碳酸盐反应效应,提高脱硫剂钙利用率的途径,为进一步发展中温烟气脱硫工艺提供了重要依据.     

增湿活化反应器内喷水脱硫试验研究

本文介绍在热态脱硫试验台上进行的生石灰和消石灰的喷水活化脱硫试验,研究了Ca/S比、饱和温距、入口烟气SO2浓度、烟气速度及水喷嘴雾化风对脱硫效率和钙利用率的影响规律,对两种脱硫剂的脱硫活性进行了比较,并对喷水增湿提高脱硫效率的机理进行了分析。研究表明,喷水增湿使两种脱硫剂的活性都有明显提高,生石灰具有价格优势。     

氧化铁对石灰中温烟气脱硫活化机理的流化床实验分析

运用小型热态流化床对石灰与氧化铁混合物的中温烟气脱硫反应特性再次进行了分析。研究表明:在石灰中掺入一定比例的氧化铁可以显著提高钙利用率,氧化钙晶粒以氧化铁颗粒为核心进行固硫反应,破坏了形成表层致密产物层的条件,改变了石灰表层孔隙结构,使更多的内部孔隙暴露,为同硫反应向纵深发展创造了条件。     

氧化铁促进石灰中温烟气脱硫的机理性研究

本文运用热重分析仪和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对石灰与氧化铁混合物进行了测定，分析了在２００～７００℃的中温范围内氧化铁对石灰脱硫过程的促进作用．研究表明；在石灰中掺入一定比例的氧化铁可以显著捉高钙利用率，而且存在最佳氧化铁配比．其作用机理是氧化铁对石灰脱硫不仅具有一定的催化作用，同时还作为活性中心 改变了脱硫产物的形成规律和气体扩散等特性．     

O2/CO2方式下钙基吸收剂在脱硫过程中微观结构变化的研究

本文研究了O2/CO2方式下钙基吸收剂在脱硫过程中微观结构的变化。研究结果表明,不同浓度的CO2对孔隙结构的影响完全不同;且提高温度有利于改善高浓度CO2气氛下钙基吸收剂煅烧后的孔隙结构,较之空气气氛,高浓度CO2气氛更有利于高温下炉内喷钙脱硫。     

高CO2浓度下钙基吸收剂脱硫的实验研究

本文进行了高CO2浓度下钙基吸收剂脱硫的实验研究.结果表明,高浓度CO2下钙基吸收剂的脱硫效率随脱硫时间的变化与空气条件下显著不同.孔隙结构分析及热重分析等手段表明高CO2浓度主要影响了钙基吸收剂的煅烧分解过程,形成了有利于脱硫反应的孔隙结构.实验结果还表明提高温度有利于改善高浓度CO2气氛下钙基吸收剂煅烧后孔隙结构,在适当的脱硫时间内,高温下高浓度CO2气氛比空气气氛更有利于炉内喷钙脱硫.     

脱硫高钙灰在处理制革废水中的应用

通过对脱硫高钙灰和制革废水的成分研究,根据脱硫高钙灰的化学成分以及良好的吸附特性,用脱硫高钙灰处理制革废水,找出用脱硫高钙灰处理制革废水的最优化条件,达到对脱硫高钙粉煤灰的综合利用,化害为利、变废为宝,以废冶废的目的.     

蒸汽活化钙基吸收剂用于干法烟气脱硫的实验研究

本文简化模拟实验了燃煤锅炉省煤器后的干法烟气脱硫方案．在沉降炉上实验研究了蒸汽活化对钙基吸收剂脱硫（４００～８００℃）效果的影响．结果表明,蒸汽活化能显著改善钙基吸收剂的微孔结构,提高其转化率．在４００到６００℃下反应产物以亚硫酸钙为主,７００到８００℃反应产物以硫酸钙为主。     

T-T吸收剂脱硫模型的改进及与双流体模型的耦合

原有T-T吸收剂固硫模型以时间作为反应状态参数,无法用于欧拉法脱硫模拟.为此,基于钙转化率的概念,对已有的T-T吸收剂脱硫模型进行了改进.改进的模型形式简单,反应速率与钙转化率的平方呈双线性分布,模型中快慢反应的转折点和反应终止点均随温度升高而增大,表征了反应活性的提高.进一步推导了吸收剂钙转化率的输运方程并对两相质量守恒方程和SO2组分方程进行了修改,将脱硫模型与两相流模型进行了耦合,为循环流化床脱硫数值模拟打下了基础.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.