金团簇碰撞合并过程的分子动力学模拟研究

采用微正则系综理论和嵌入原子模型计算了原子数为16～152之间7个Au_n团簇碰撞合并过程.结果表明:碰撞能量大于0.3 eV时,团簇处于熔融态,碰撞能量是合并过程的主导因素,碰撞能量小于0.3eV时,团簇处于凝固态,碰撞能量和结合能共同影响合并过程;碰撞能量小于0.1 eV时,在结合能作用下,团簇结构随碰撞能量增加发生变化,部分团簇形成壳层结构,势能较低,稳定性较好.     

Si60团簇的结构及其与Si(111)面间碰撞的分子动力学模拟

利用紧束缚分子动力学退火方法模拟研究了Si60团簇的稳定结构和基态能量,结果表明Si60团簇为具有T对称性的截顶二十面体的富勒烯结构,平均键长为0236nm,直径为0933nm,原子结合能为4.45eVatom,JahnTeller效应对Si60团簇的结构有很大影响.通过对Si60分子和Si(111)面碰撞机理的粒子数、体积和能量不变分子动力学模拟,发现Si60分子吸附在Si(111)面所需要的垂直入射动能为40eV,Si60分子远不如C60分子稳定 关键词： 紧束缚 JahnTeller效应 碰撞     

Li9团簇体心立方结构的形成机理和结合能

本文提出了Li9团簇体心立方结构的形成机理,并对此结构的总能量随中心原子到顶点原子间核间距R的变化用芶氏改进的排列通道量子力学方法(MACQM)进行了计算。结果显示曲线在R = 4.77 a0处有一极小值 -67.160922 a.u.,这表明Li9团簇的体心立方结构是可能稳定存在的。在R趋于无穷大时这9个锂原子的总能量为 -66.852240 a.u.,所以形成Li9的总结合能为0.308682 a.u.。因此Li9 团簇的原子平均结合能是0.034298 a.u.或0.933 eV,它大于我们过去计算的Li5团簇正四面体中心结构的原子平均结合能0.632 eV、Li7 团簇正八面体中心结构的原子平均结合能0.674 eV和Li13 团簇正二十面体中心结构的原子平均结合能0.810 eV。故在体心正多面体结构Lin (n= 5 ,7,9,13)中,Li9的体心立方结构有最大的原子平均结合能,这也许是碱金属晶体的晶胞取体心立方结构的一个原因。     

Ga6 N6团簇结构性质的理论计算研究

在密度泛函理论的基础上,对Ga6N6团簇进行了第一性原理、全电子、从头计算,得到了10种可能的三维空间结构及其电子结构.其中最稳定结构的一对GaN原子的平均结合能为9.748 eV,因此是可能存在的.但与他人计算的Ga3N3和Ga5N5相比,Ga6N6团簇可能不属于"幻数"团簇.最稳定结构的Ga6N6团簇的费米面是部分占有的,能量为EF=-5.2972 eV,因此具有"金属性",但没有自旋磁矩.我们还计算了该结构的Ga6N6团簇的亲和势、电离能和电子跃迁能.这将有助于对GanNn团簇系列的结构和性质随n变化的研究.     

C2团簇在金刚石(111)表面吸附结构的分子动力学模拟

利用Brenner(#2)半经验多体相互作用势和分子动力学模拟方法研究荷能的C₂在金刚石(111)表面的化学吸附过程.模拟300 K时,初始入射动能分别为1,20,30 eV的C₂团簇从6个不同位置轰击金刚石(111)表面,观察到C₂团簇在金刚石(111)表面形成的吸附结构,表面C原子键的打开以及C₂团簇与表面C原子成键等物理过程,并讨论不同入射位置和入射能量对沉积团簇的结构特性的影响.结果表明,对于表面不同的局部构型,C₂团簇发生不同的碰撞过程,C₂团簇入射能量的提高有利于成键过程的发生,从原子尺度模拟沉积机制.     

团簇碰撞中的相对转动研究

采用距离相关紧密束缚的分子动力学模型,研究了在不同碰撞能量以及不同的碰撞参数下,碱金属团簇碰撞过程中的转动行为.研究表明,团簇碰撞中存在着较大的转动.对确定的能量,存在极值的碰撞参数,小于该碰撞参数时,转动能量随碰撞参数增加而迅速增加;大于该碰撞参数时,转动能量随碰撞参数的增加迅速减小.能量低时,相对转动弛豫时间更长;碰撞能量越大,越过势垒的能力越强,势场的相对影响就越小,由此引起的相对转动也就越小.     

Mg_n~-,AlMg_(n-1)(n=2～13)团簇结构和电子性质的密度泛函理论研究

本文从第一性原理出发,利用密度泛函理论的B3PW91方法,在6-311G水平上对Mg-n,AlMgn-1(n=2～13)团簇进行了几何结构优化和频率分析,并对团簇的平均结合能,二阶能量差分,劈裂能等进行了计算.结果表明:与Mgn团簇相比,带负电Mg-n团簇的最低能量结构整体(除n=6,8,11)变化不大.Al原子的掺杂对Mgn(n=2～13)团簇的最低能量结构没有太大影响,Mgn,AlMgn-1团簇有类似的结构生长方式.带一个负电和掺杂一个Al原子均能使Mgn团簇的平均结合能增大,稳定性增强.并发现Mg-n(n=2～13)团簇在n=4,9时比较稳定,在n=11时稳定性较差,与实验结果一致;而等电子的AlMgn-1团簇在n=4,7,9时比较稳定.     

密度泛函理论对Cd_nTe_n(1≤n≤12)团簇结构与性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的DMol 3软件包对CdnTen(1≤n≤12)团簇的几何结构进行优化,并对其能量、频率以及电子性质进行模拟分析.结果表明,团簇CdnTen(1≤n≤12)与团簇CdnSen(1≤n≤12)具有相似的最低能量结构:当n=1～3时,团簇的最低能量结构是平面结构;当n=4～12时,团簇的最低能量结构可以看成是由Cd2Te2和Cd3Te3团簇的最低能量结构组成的三维笼状结构;当n=12时,Cd12Te12团簇的最低能量结构为一个完美的球壳.随着团簇尺寸的增大,转移的电荷逐渐增加,转移的电荷量有达到块体中电荷值的趋势.团簇的总能量二阶有限差分,平均结合能以及能隙都显示团簇的幻数为Cd3Te3,Cd6Te6和Cd9Te9.     

密度泛函理论对CdnTen（1≤n≤12）团簇结构与性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的DMol3软件包对CdnTen（1≤n≤12）团簇的几何结构进行优化,并对其能量、频率以及电子性质进行模拟分析. 结果表明,团簇CdnTen（1≤n≤12）与团簇CdnSen（1≤n≤12）具有相似的最低能量结构：当n=1～3时,团簇的最低能量结构是平面结构;当n=4～12时,团簇的最低能量结构可以看成是由Cd2Te2和Cd3Te3团簇的最低能量结构组成的三维笼状结构;当n=12时,Cd12Te12团簇的最低能量结构为一个完美的球壳. 随着团簇尺寸的增大,转移的电荷逐渐增加,转移的电荷量有达到块体中电荷值的趋势. 团簇的总能量二阶有限差分,平均结合能以及能隙都显示团簇的幻数为Cd3Te3,Cd6Te6 和Cd9Te9.     

密度泛函理论对PbnS(n=1-13)团簇结构和电子性质的研究

利用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(GGA)对PbnS(n=1-13)团簇进行几何结构优化,并对能量和频率进行计算,得到了PbnS(n=1-13)团簇的基态结构和稳定结构。计算结果表明：PbnS团簇的平均结合能比Pbn团簇的平均结合能要大,且n=4和10为PbnS团簇的幻数。在PbnS团簇中,电荷都是从Pb原子向S原子转移且以共价键和离子键共存。     

The Fate of a Cluster Colliding onto a Substrate Dissipation of Translational Kinetic Energy

The fate of clusters emitted onto a substrate falls into several categories including repulsion, soft landing, migration, and explosion, depending on the interaction between the cluster and the substrate. This dynamic behavior of the clusters controls thin-film formation processes from clusters such as cluster ion beam deposition and chemical vapor deposition. Here we describe the collision processes of both Al and Au clusters with a kinetic energy of 0.56 eV/atom onto an amorphous SiO₂ substrate studied by molecular dynamics simulation, focusing on the dissipation of translational kinetic energy during the collision process. The simulation elucidated that the activation of thermal vibrational energy of the substrate promoted the sticking of the colliding clusters on the substrate. This result suggests that the dissipation of the translational kinetic energy of the colliding cluster is one of the factors that determine the structure formed on a substrate from vapor phase.     

低能原子簇轰击金属簿膜引起的级联碰撞(Ⅱ)——注入簇原子的加速

研究了能量为１ｋｅＶ／ａｔｏｍ的金原子簇和０．２ｋｅＶ／ａｔｏｍ的铝原子簇轰击金薄膜产生的级联碰撞。用分子动力学模拟计算了注入靶后的簇原子能量分布及其随时间的演化。结果表明，在原子簇注入引起的级联碰憧中，簇原子除了将能量传递给靶原子外，尚有可能破加速。簇原子的最高能量可大于它的初始能量；分析了原子簇注入引起的多次碰撞效应，并用经典力学守恒定律计算了一个簇原子发生二次散射后的能量增益，用以解释注入原子的加速机制。 关键词：     

Collisions between a single gold atom and 13 atom gold clusters: an ab initio approach

Collision processes between a single gold atom and a gold cluster are investigated by means of ab initio techniques. The targets we consider are minimum energy 13 gold atom clusters. The kinetic energy of the projectile and its impact parameter are chosen within a range such that the three regimes we are mainly interested in studying (fusion, scattering and fragmentation) are realized. The results of the collision processes are treated using density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD), analyzed in detail, and compared with previous work, which was carried out using phenomenological potentials and classical molecular dynamics. The differences between classical MD and DFT-MD are quite significant.     

修正F-H实验中的氩原子第一激发电位

在F-H实验中可知,运动电子的动能大于11．8eV时,即可与氩原子发生非弹性碰撞,使氩原子的电子从基态受激跃迁到亚稳态。通过F-H实验的数据处理和对现代量子光学理论的分析,证实了氩原子存在亚稳态,并且修正了F-H实验中氩原子的第一激发电位。     

Average kinetic energy of ions ejected from pure Coulomb explosions of methane clusters

We use an electrostatic model to study the average kinetic energy of ions ejected from the pure Coulomb explosions of methane clusters (CA4)n (light atom A=H and D). It is found that the ratio of the average kinetic energy of the ions to their initial average electrostatic potential energy is irrelevant to the cluster size. This finding implies that as long as the ratio is given, the average kinetic energies of the ions can be simply estimated from their initial average electrostatic potential energies, rather than from the time- consuming simulations. The ratios for the different charge states of carbon ions are presented.     

A translational energy spectrometer to probe interatomic potentials: Dissociation dynamics of CO2 + ions

A new ion translational energy spectrometer has been developed to carry out low-energy, gas-phase ion-molecule collision experiments which aim to probe molecular potential energy surfaces. The collisional technique employed relates small changes in the kinetic energy of a projectile ion after it has undergone collision with a static neutral atom/molecule to changes in the overall potential energy of the collision system; information can be furnished about the interaction potential between the projectile and the target. First measurements are reported of a high resolution target excitation spectrum obtained in 1.8 keV collisions of H₂ ⁺ ions with N₂. New results pertaining to collision-induced dissociation of CO₂ ⁺ ions are presented and discussed in terms of potential functions of low-lying electronic states of the molecular ion.     

T+OD体系的同位素交换反应动力学

基于DTO(Χ¹ A₁)分子的多体展式分析势能函数,用准经典的Monte Carlo轨迹法研究了T+OD(0,0)体系的分子反应动力学过程. 结果表明,在碰撞能较低(小于121.34 kJ ·mol^-1)时,可以生成长寿命DTO(Χ¹ A₁)络合物,并且该络合反应是有阈能反应,这与用多体项展式理论计算的DTO分子势能曲线结果一致. 随碰撞能增加,逐渐出现置换产物DT和OT,最终分子被完全碰散成D,T和O原子,而且反应T+OD(0,0)→OT+D,T+OD(0,0)→DT+O和T+OD(0,0)→D+T+O也是有阈能反应. 由于D和T原子的同位素效应,T+OD(0,0)与D+OT(0,0)体系的碰撞反应特征存在非一致性. 关键词： DTO 分子反应动力学 轨线 反应截面     

Structures, stabilities and ordering in Ni-Al nanoalloy clusters

A detailed study is made of the structures and relative stabilities of nickel and aluminium clusters and nickel-aluminium "nanoalloy" clusters, with up to 55 atoms, modelled by the many-body Gupta potential. Random search and genetic algorithms are used to find the lowest energy isomers (both geometrical and permutational). For the pure Al and Ni clusters, the lowest energy structures are identical for most nuclearities but different structures are found for clusters with 15-18 atoms -- the Al clusters having non-icosahedral structures. For these nuclearities, we investigate the effect of doping Al atoms into pure Ni clusters and vice versa, finding that the replacement of a single atom by a dopant atom is often sufficient to change the cluster geometry. The lowest energy isomers of nanoalloy clusters with the approximate composition "Ni₃Al" generally have structures based on icosahedral packing, though truncated octahedral (fcc packing) motifs are also observed. In agreement with previous studies, the atom ordering in the mixed Ni-Al clusters is found to depend on the maximization of the number of Ni-Al interactions, the minimization of the cluster surface energy, and atom size effects.Received: 17 January 2003, Published online: 17 July 2003PACS: 36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters - 61.46.+w Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals - 61.66.Dk AlloysM.S. Bailey: Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.     

载能团簇离子在物质中的能量损失

实验表明,团簇离子在物质中的能量损失并不等于各成分单独作用的总和,而是具有非线性效应．这种非线性效应与团簇离子的能量、团簇的种类和大小、团簇成分之间的空间关联程度以及作用物质的结构有关．对团簇作用的非线性效应研究对于了解团簇与物质相互作用的机制具有非常重要的理论意义．MeV能区的团簇离子在物质中的非线性电子能损和核能损方面的直接实验数据还相当缺乏,其理论模型也更待建立．评述了载能团簇离子在物质中的能量损失及测量方法．Fast ions deposit energy in matter through electronic and nuclear collision processes. The relaxation of the deposited energy induces emission of photons, electrons, ions, and neutral species from the target. Comparing with single incident ion, cluster induces many new phenomena: such as non-linear energy loss, non-linear emission of secondary ions, production of giant tracks and craters in various irradiated materials. These new phenomena induced by clusters are attributed to the vicinage effect ......     

非晶态合金Fe80P20局域结构和性质的量子化学研究

利用原子簇模型Fe_4P简化了非晶态合金Fe_(80)P_(20)的局域结构,设计了四方锥、三角双锥、四面体及平面五边形等十几种构型,对其二、四重态分别进行密度泛函(DFT)优化计算,经过频率验证,获得五种稳定构型。从所得优化构型的键长和键级,可以发现原子簇Fe4P较好地反映了非晶态合金Fe_(80)P_(20)的局域结构。考察了各构型间的过渡转化情况,发现二重态构型的稳定性要好于四重态。分析各构型的能量、成键及电子转移情况,发现与P原子成键的Fe原子个数对这些性质影响较为明显。与P原子成键的Fe原子个数越多,体系的能量就越低,越容易存在；P原子的得电子能力随着与其成键Fe原子个数增多而减少,甚至会将失去自身电子转移到金属原子上。同时通过3d轨道布居数,讨论了原子簇的空穴数及磁学性质。