密度泛函理论的不同方法研究小钨团簇的结构与稳定性

分别利用密度泛函理论的LSDA方法和B3LYP 方法在有效核势基组(LanL2DZ)水平上系统地研究了Wn(n=2-14)团簇的结构和稳定性.Wn(n=2-14)团簇全局能量最小的最稳定结构被确定.结果表明:在所讨论的尺寸范围内,LSDA方法比B3LYP 方法得到的平均结合能与一阶能量差分高;大部分Wn(n=2-14) 团簇在两种方法计算下具有相同的几何结构.两种方法计算结果均表明:除了W3自旋多重度为3重态外,其余尺寸团簇的自旋多重度均为单重态;n=7的最低能量结构为双戴帽五边环,而非正十面体,n=8-10为笼型结构,n=11-14为扁长型结构.综合平均结合能、一阶能量差分和二阶能量差分,两种计算方法均表明Wn(n=2-14)团簇具有相同的幻数序列(2,6,9 和 13).     

密度泛函理论的不同方法研究小钨团簇的结构与稳定性

分别利用密度泛函理论的LSDA方法 和B3LYP 方法在有效核势基组(LanL2DZ)水平上系统地研究了Wn(n=2―14)团簇的结构和稳定性. Wn(n=2―14)团簇全局能量最小的最稳定结构被确定. 结果表明：在所讨论的尺寸范围内,LSDA方法比B3LYP 方法得到的平均结合能与一阶能量差分高;大部分Wn团簇在两种方法计算下具有相同的几何结构. 两种方法计算结果均表明：除了W3自旋多重度为3重态外,其余尺寸团簇的自旋多重度均为单重态; n=7的最低能量结构为双戴帽五边环,而非正十面体,n=8—10为笼型结构,n=11—14为扁长型结构. 综合平均结合能、一阶能量差分和二阶能量差分,两种计算方法均表明Wn(n=2―14)团簇具有相同的幻数序列(2, 6, 9 和 13).     

Mon(n=2-13)和MonC(n=1-12)团簇的几何结构和电子结构

结合遗传算法和CALYPSO软件，采用密度泛函理论，对Mo_n(n=2-13)及Mo_nC(n=1-12)团簇基态的几何结构与电子结构展开详细研究.通过计算其基态结构的平均键长、平均结合能、二阶差分能、分裂能和前线轨道能级，对基态结构的稳定性随总原子数变化的关系展开了研究.计算结果表明，Mo_n团簇基态结构的稳定性可通过掺杂单个C原子而提高.综合团簇的二阶差分能、分裂能可知，n=6,9时Mo_n团簇的稳定性较高，n=4,7,10时Mo_nC团簇的稳定性较高.     

ZnSe小团簇结构稳定性和电子性质研究

文章研究了小尺寸的(ZnSe)n团簇(n=2-16)的结构和电子性质.通过手工搭建得到团簇结构,用DMol软件包进行结构优化和能量计算,最后分析计算结果 .研究结果表明,对于n=2-4,平面环状结构的能量最低;对于n=5,非平面环状结构的能量最低;对于n=6-12,空心笼状结构的能量最低;对于n=13,核-壳笼状结构的能量最低;对于n=14-16,依旧是空心笼状结构的能量最低.通过分析(ZnSe)_n团簇(n=2-16)的电子性质,我们可以得到,(ZnSe)_9团簇、(ZnSe)_(12)团簇具有很好的稳定性.     

利用密度泛函理论对MgBen(n=2-12)团簇的结构及其电子性质

利用密度泛函理论对MgBen(n=2-12)团簇的结构和电子性质进行了研究. 较高的能隙和结合能都表明，3和9是团簇的幻数；随着团簇尺寸的增加，Be原子间的相互作用由范德瓦尔斯到共价键以及金属键过渡. 与Be主团簇相比，MgBen(n=2-12)团簇较早地出现了金属性. 通过电子性质的分析发现，掺杂Mg原子降低了主团簇的稳定性.     

Co_2B_n(n=1-8)团簇几何结构的密度泛函理论研究

受到小型环状和管状的双金属掺杂硼团簇的启发,采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311+G(d)水平下对Co_2B_n(n=1-8)团簇的几何结构、相关稳定性、电子性质和磁性进行了的研究.研究结果表明:当n≤5时,团簇的最低能量结构为平面结构.当6≤n≤8时,团簇的最低能量结构为立体结构.对团簇的平均原子结合能、二阶差分能量、HOMO-LUMO能隙、垂直电子亲和能、垂直电离能和化学硬度分析结果表明,Co2B_7具有幻数特征.对Co_2B_n(n=1-8)团簇的总磁矩计算表明其和团簇的自旋态有很强的关系,而且团簇的总磁矩主要由钴原子的3d轨道所贡献.     

CoBn(n≤19)团簇结构、电子性质和磁性的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(Generalized Gradient Approximation, GGA)方法, 对不同自旋多重度的CoBn(n≤19)团簇的平衡几何结构、电子性质和磁性进行了研究. 随着尺寸的增加, CoBn(n≤19)团簇最低能量结构从平面结构逐步演变为立体结构, Co从主团簇的外部向内部转移. 团簇最低能量结构的二阶能量差分表明CoB3、CoB7、CoB10、CoB12、CoB14和CoB16团簇较相邻团簇稳定. Co的掺杂增强了硼团簇的化学活性. 最低能量结构中Co的d轨道和B的p轨道存在着明显的杂化. 当n<13, Co处于主团簇的外部时, Co的带电量为正, Co具有磁矩. 当n≥13, Co处于主团簇的内部时, Co的带电量为负, Co的磁矩几乎为零. 团簇最低能量结构的总磁矩主要来自Co的3d轨道的贡献, 且总磁矩随团簇尺寸增大呈现奇偶振荡.     

密度泛函理论研究Be_nNa(n=2~14)团簇的结构及其电子性质(英文)

基于密度泛函理论研究了BenNa(n=2~14)团簇的最低能量结构及其电子性质,具体采用的计算方法是B3LYP/6-311G(d).对于每一尺寸的团簇,我们从多个可能构型出发来寻找其最低能量结构.计算结果表明:钠原子易于附着在铍团簇的表面;Be4Na和Be9Na均具有较高的平均结合能及能隙,n=4,9是团簇的幻数;在所有的BenNa(n=2~14)团簇中,钠原子均失去电子;随着团簇尺寸n的增大,团簇内部原子间的相互作用是共价键和金属键共存.     

密度泛函理论计算掺杂团簇Be_nLi(n=1~12)的基态结构和稳定性

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,获得了BenLi(n=1~12)掺杂团簇的基态结构.同时计算相应的平均结合能、离解能、能量二阶有限差分和能隙.结合最高分子占据轨道的电子密度分析了掺杂团簇的成键特性,并与单一组元的BeN(N=2~13)团簇进行对比.结果表明n=4和9是团簇的幻数;随着尺寸n的增加,BenLi团簇中Be-Li间的相互作用由类共价键过渡到类离子键.     

Bn-1Li(n=2~13)掺杂团簇的几何结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法得到了Bn-1Li (n=2～13)小团簇的平衡几何结构.计算并分析了基态掺杂团簇的平均结合能、能量二阶差分、能级间隙、电离势、振动光谱和极化率.结果表明Li原子总是处于主团簇的外围并且以配位数最少的方式与主团簇结合,有的甚至是吸附在主团簇上面.随着锂原子所占百分比的降低,掺杂团簇的稳定性迅速提高.高浓度的掺杂(Li,B比为1∶1或1∶2)可以大幅度提高团簇的化学活性和金属性,但同时会降低其稳定性.B3Li和B5Li是幻数团簇.     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Electronic States and Spectra of TeH and TeLi

Gas-phase emission spectra of the hitherto unknown free radical TeLi have been measured in the NIR range with a Fourier-transform spectrometer. The emissions were observed from a fast flow system in which tellurium vapor in argon carrier gas was passed through a microwave discharge and mixed with lithium vapor in an observation tube. Two systems of blue-degraded bands were measured at high spectral resolution in the ranges 8000-9000 and 5700-6700 cm(-1) and vibrational and rotational analyses were performed. In order to aid in the analysis of the experimental data, a series of relativistic configuration interaction calculations has been carried out to obtain potential curves for the low-lying states of TeLi and the isovalent TeH and also electric dipole transition moments connecting them. As in the TeH system, the ground state of TeLi is found to be X(2)Pi(i), but with a remarkably smaller spin-orbit splitting. The TeLi calculations indicate a strongly bound A(2)Sigma(+) state, while in TeH the analogous state is computed to lie significantly higher at approximately 32 000 cm(-1), and it is strongly predissociated. Based on the theoretical analysis, the observed TeLi band systems are assigned to the transitions A(2)Sigma(+)(A1/2)-->X(1)(2)Pi(3/2)(X(1)3/2) and A(2)Sigma(+)(A1/2)-->X(2)(2)Pi(1/2)(X(2)1/2). Analysis of the spectra has yielded the molecular constants (in cm(-1)) X(1)(2)Pi(3/2):omega(e)=457.49(3), omega(e)x(e)=2.482(9), B(0)=0.408908(8); X(2)(2)Pi(1/2): T(e)=2353.44(3), omega(e)=456.28(4), omega(e)x(e)=2.635(8), B(0)=0.414954(8), p(0)=1.00637(4); A(2)Sigma(+): T(e)=8574.64(2), omega(e)=437.81(3), omega(e)x(e)=2.581(8), B(0)=0.423903(8), p(0)=-0.19915(2), where the numbers in parentheses are the standard deviations of the parameters. Comparison of the isovalent TeLi and TeH systems emphasizes that the difference in bonding character (ionic in TeLi vs covalent in TeH) is responsible for qualitative differences in the electronic spectra of these two molecules. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

NOx formation and flame velocity profiles of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol

NO formation and flame propagation are studied in premixed flames of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol through experimental measurements and direct simulation of experimental profiles. The stabilized flame is realized through the impingement of a premixed combustible jet from a contraction nozzle against a temperature-controlled plate. The velocity field is obtained by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and nitric oxide concentration profiles are measured using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), calibrated using known NO seeding levels. It is found that NO formation in n- and iso-isomers is comparable under the conditions considered, except for rich butanol mixtures, whereby NO formation is higher for iso-butanol. Generally, less NO is formed in butanol flames than in the butane flames. The experiment is simulated by a 1D chemically reacting stagnation flow model, using literature models of C1–C4 hydrocarbons [Wang et al., 2010] and butanol combustion chemistry [Sarathy et al., 2009, 2012]. NO prediction is tested using two of these mechanisms with a previously-published NO_x submechanism added into the butane and butanol models. While a good level of agreement is observed in the velocity field prediction under lean and stoichiometric conditions, discrepancies exist under rich conditions. Greater discrepancies are observed in NO prediction, except for the C1–C4 mechanism which shows good agreement with the experiment under lean and stoichiometric conditions. The current study provides data for further development of mechanisms with NO_x prediction capabilities for the fuels considered here.     

Quantum and surface properties of free films and nanoshells of molecular and atomic thicknesses

An original technology and the properties of new thin film nanoobjects, free films and shells of molecular and atomic thicknesses, are presented. Special attention is paid to shells of monoatomic or monomoleculer thickness with unique surface properties that have not been found in bulk materials.     

Some problems of analysis and optimization of plates and shells

The classical optimization problems of plates and shells to satisfy a priori given geometry and dynamical characteristics are considered. Orthotropic plates and shells with variable thickness and low transverse stiffness are analyzed. First, some useful theorems and their proofs are given. Then the finite approximation of the problem related to optimization of free vibrations of shells with transverse deformation and rotary inertia is discussed. The varational iteration (MVI) and Bubnov-Galerkin (MB) methods are applied, and their convergence and suitability for application to plates and shells analysis are discussed and numerically evaluated.     

MCNP-FISPACT耦合燃耗计算程序开发与测试

反应堆堆芯的燃耗计算关系到堆芯的燃料管理,并直接影响堆芯的经济性评估,因此如何快速且准确地对堆芯进行燃耗计算一直是反应堆物理设计的研究重点之一。随着反应堆的发展,其几何结构和物理特性日渐复杂,现有的一维、二维耦合燃耗程序因其在几何处理上的限制,难以满足先进反应堆精细设计分析的要求。为对复杂反应堆堆芯的燃耗情况进行计算,结合粒子输运程序MCNP 处理复杂几何和燃耗程序FISPACT处理核素全面的特点,开发了接口程序耦合MCNP 和FISPACT来进行燃耗计算,并对耦合程序进行了计算验证。采用了IAEA 基准校核例题和CFETR中国聚变工程实验堆例题进行程序验证,经计算得出的有效倍增因子随燃耗的变化曲线和TBR等数据与标准例题的结果符合良好,其误差在可接受范围内。     

Topological dislocation-type defects and mechanisms of plasticity and failure of nanostructured and amorphous materials

Possible mechanisms of plastic deformation and failure of nanostructured and cluster amorphous materials have been considered. It is shown that the most probable carriers of plastic deformation in these materials are macrodislocations—linear topological defects of the regular nanocrystallite packing in the nanostructure or cluster packing in amorphous materials. Continuum models are proposed to describe the processes of plastic deformation and failure of nanostructured and cluster amorphous materials. Original Russian Text ? L.S. Vasil’ev, S.F. Lomaeva, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 128–131.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.