多铁材料BaCoF4电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似方法和赝势平面波法,对多铁材料BaCoF4的铁电反铁磁相和可能的顺电相的电子结构进行了第一性原理研究.研究表明,反铁磁态很可能有利于低温下的铁电稳定性,F的强负电性使得体系内原子间主要是离子键相互作用.Co离子与在bc面上的F(2),F(3)离子间完全是离子键作用,而与F(4)间有较弱的共价作用,与F(1)间作用介于两者之间.铁电畸变主要来源于Ba离子与F(1),F(2),F(3)离子沿着c轴方向的相对位移,F(4)对铁电性的贡献最少.铁电相中F(2),F(3)离子的能量低于中心对称相,最大位移贡献者F(1)的化学键性由弱共价作用到离子键的变化也是最大的,这均有利于体系的稳定.     

BiFeO3中各离子在铁电相变中作用本质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似方法和赝势平面波法,对多铁材料BiFeO₃的铁电反铁磁相和可能的高温顺电相的电子结构进行了第一性原理研究.计算验证了BiFeO₃基态为G型反铁磁有序,Fe离子的理论磁矩与实验值相符.铁电相变发生后,Bi-6s态和6p态发生了电荷转移,Bi-6s电子的作用更加明显.Born有效电荷的研究表明铁电畸变主要表现为Bi原子的位移,并且电极化强度计算值很好地符合薄膜实验结果.部分态密度的计算表明Bi-6p态的成键轨道与反键轨道间的能量劈裂 关键词： 第一性原理 铁电性 铁电畸变 反铁磁性     

La$lt;sub$gt;0.4$lt;/sub$gt;Ca$lt;sub$gt;0.6$lt;/sub$gt;MnO$lt;sub$gt;3$lt;/sub$gt;中Mn-位Fe和Cr掺杂对磁性质的影响

研究了Fe和Cr掺杂对La_0.4Ca_0.6MnO₃ 中电荷有序反铁磁基态的调控作用. 磁性质的测量结果表明, 两种离子掺杂均能有效抑制原型样品中的长程电荷有序相, 但是Fe离子掺杂样品均具有反铁磁的基态, 而Cr掺杂样品中则出现了显著的铁磁性. 结合电输运测量结果显示, Cr掺杂引起的铁磁态同时具有金属性, 表明其中是电子双交换作用占主导. 对比两种掺杂离子的电子结构发现, Cr离子空的e_g电子轨道促进了电子双交换作用, 而Fe掺杂则只是引入了不同的自旋交换作用, 导致自旋无序. 关键词： 磁性氧化物 反铁磁     

BiFeO3中各离子在铁电相变中作用本质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似方法和赝势平面波法,对多铁材料BiFeO3的铁电反铁磁相和可能的高温顺电相的电子结构进行了第一性原理研究.计算验证了BiFeO3基态为G型反铁磁有序,Fe离子的理论磁矩与实验值相符.铁电相变发生后,Bi-6s态和6p态发生了电荷转移,Bi-6s电子的作用更加明显.Born有效电荷的研究表明铁电畸变主要表现为Bi原子的位移,并且电极化强度计算值很好地符合薄膜实验结果.部分态密度的计算表明Bi-6p态的成键轨道与反键轨道间的能量劈裂大于其他电子态,使得Bi-6p态与O-2p态的共价作用选择性增强,这是铁电畸变的根本引发机理.Bi-6s电子因静电斥力而发生了极化,且没有参与Bi-6p轨道与O-2p轨道间的杂化,其电荷转移缘于其与O-2s,2p轨道发生了微弱的共价作用,并因此而强化了6s态电子的极化,这种共价作用更利于Bi-O间的相对位移,也是体系强电极化产生的原因.     

BiFeO3晶体价键电子结构与铁电性质的关系

通过价键电子理论工具,计算得到了钙钛矿型单相多铁材料BiFcO₃"赝立方"顺电相和斜方铁电相价键电子结构,分析了价键电子结构变化时其铁电性的影响.计算结果表明,从顺电相到铁电相,BiFeO₃晶胞中各类化学键的键长和价键电子数变化各异,其中Bi-O键键长变短,价键电子数增多,共价性显著增强,对铁电相的稳定起到至关重要的作用;Fe-O键长呈现变大和变小两种结果,价键电子数都减小,共价性减弱.计算结果与第一性原理计算进行了比较.     

Pb(Zr_(0.4)Ti_(0.6))O_3电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的赝势平面波方法计算了Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3五层超晶胞的顺电相和铁电相的电子结构.由态密度、电子密度和能带结构的计算结果发现顺电相下钛氧八面体Ti-O6和锆氧八面体Zr-O6在铁电相中分裂为由1个O1离子和4个O2离子组成的金字塔结构Ti-O5和Zr-O5;与顺电相相比,铁电相中钛离子的3d电子和氧离子的2p电子存在更强的轨道杂化,这种杂化降低了离子间的短程排斥力,使得具有铁电性的四方结构更为稳定,而且钛离子与氧离子的相互作用对于铁电相Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3沿c轴自发极化的贡献大于锆离子与氧离子的相互作用;由电子密度的分布可推断立方结构的Pb-O键呈现离子键特征,而铁电相下Pb-O键则有较大的共价成分,铅离子与氧离子的这种轨道杂化对Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3的铁电性起重要作用.所得结果对深入理解Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3铁电性的微观机理具有参考价值.     

Sr位Nd掺杂对SrBi$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;Nb$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;O$lt;sub$gt;9$lt;/sub$gt;性能的影响及机理研究

采用传统固相法制备了（Sr_1-3x/2A_x/2Nd_x）Bi₂Nb₂O₉（x=0,0.05,0.1和0.2）陶瓷,并系统研究了Nd离子取代Sr离子对SrBi₂Nb₂O₉性能的影响及其作用机理.研究结果表明：Sr_1-3x/2A_x/2Nd_xBi₂Nb₂O₉的介电常数和介电损耗随温度变化的行为具有明显的离子松弛极化特征.Nd³⁺对Sr²⁺的部分取代,导致Sr_1-3x/2A_x/2Nd_xBi₂Nb₂O₉剩余极化强度P_r稍有下降,但其压电系数d₃₃却有所增加,根据铁电热力学理论,这是Nd³⁺对Sr²⁺取代导致材料介电常数增大所致.Sr_1-3x/2A_x/2Nd_xBi₂Nb₂O₉的居里温度（T_C）没有随Nd含量的增加而变化,拉曼光谱技术分析表明这是其NbO₆八面体畸变程度没有发生变化所致.Nd³⁺取代Sr²⁺提高了材料的介电常数ε_r、压电系数d₃₃、机电耦合系数K_p,同时降低了机械品质因数Q_m,但是谐振频率温度系数C值没有改变. 关键词： 压电陶瓷 介电性能 压电性能 拉曼光谱     

二维VOBr2单层的结构畸变及其磁性和铁电性

借助第一性原理计算,对VOBr₂单层的结构、磁性以及铁电性进行了系统研究.计算结果表明低温下VOBr₂会产生自发铁电极化,从高对称顺电相转变为铁电相结构.与同族姊妹材料VOI₂不同的是,V的二聚化现象不仅无法在VOBr₂中稳定存在,还会导致局域磁_矩淬灭.此外,VOBr₂易磁化轴在面内a轴方向,面内a,b轴上近邻磁矩均为反铁磁耦合.VOBr₂中的铁电极化主要由V在a轴方向V—O—V链上的铁电位移产生,大小约为40μC/cm~2.与铁电同步翻转相比,通过分步翻转不同链上的铁电极化,可以有效降低铁电翻转能垒,从而有望通过低能外场实现部分或个别链上的铁电翻转,为低能耗高密度铁电存储器件设计提供新的思路和方向.     

钙钛矿型锰氧化物(La$lt;sub$gt;0.8$lt;/sub$gt;Eu$lt;sub$gt;0.2$lt;/sub$gt;)$lt;sub$gt;4/3$lt;/sub$gt;Sr$lt;sub$gt;5/3$lt;/sub$gt;Mn$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;O$lt;sub$gt;7$lt;/sub$gt;的磁性和电性研究

采用传统固相反应法制备钙钛矿型锰氧化物 (La_0.8Eu_0.2)_4/3Sr_5/3Mn₂O₇多晶样品, X-射线衍射分析表明, 样品(La_0.8Eu_0.2)_4/3Sr_5/3Mn₂O₇结构呈现良好的单相. 通过磁化强度随温度的变化曲线(M-T)、不同温度下磁化强度随磁场的变化曲线(M-H)和电子自旋共振谱发现: 在300 K以下, 随着温度的降低, 样品先后经历了二维短程铁磁有序转变 (T_C^2D ≈ 282 K)、三维长程铁磁有序转变(T_C^3D ≈ 259 K)、奈尔转变(T_N ≈ 208K)和电荷有序转变(T_CO ≈ 35 K); 样品 (La_0.8Eu_0.2)_4/3Sr_5/3Mn₂O₇在T_N以下, 主要处于反铁磁态; 在T_C^3D达到370 K时, 样品处于铁磁-顺磁共存态, 在370 K以上时样品进入顺磁态. 此外, 分析电阻率随温度的变化曲线(ρ-T)得到: 样品在金属-绝缘转变温度(T_P ≈ 80 K)附近出现最大磁电阻值, 其位置远离T_C^3D, 表现出非本征磁电阻现象, 其磁电阻值约为61%. 在T_CO以下, 电阻率出现明显增长, 这是由于温度下降使原本在高温部分巡游的e_g电子开始自发局域化增强所致. 通过对 (La_0.8Eu_0.2)_4/3Sr_5/3Mn₂O₇的ρ-T 曲线拟合, 发现样品在高温部分的导电方式基本遵循小极化子的导电方式. 关键词： 磁性 电性 金属-绝缘转变温度 电子自旋共振     

铁电体SrBi2Nb2O2电子能带结构的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的方法计算了SrBi₂Nb_2O.9（SBN）的顺电相、铁电相的电子结构.顺电相是间接带隙, 铁电相是直接带隙，它们的大小分别为1.57和2.23 eV.顺电相和铁电相的价带顶均主要来自于O₂p态的贡献.而顺电相和铁电相的导带底则分别来自Nb₄d态和Bi₆p态的贡献.计算表明SBN铁电相的低的漏电流与Bi 6p轨道有关.由顺电相到铁电相时，Nb₄d和O_{2 关键词： 顺电相 铁电相 态密度 电子能带结构}     

氮氢混合气氛退火中氢对Bi4Ti3O12铁电性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了在氮氢混合气氛中退火后Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂铁电性的退化机理. 分别计算了无氢、含氢模型中Ti沿c轴位移时体系总能量的变化,电子云密度分布,以及电子结构的总能态密度的变化. 结果表明含氢Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂铁电相Ti-O,Bi-O间的电子云重叠布居分布较无氢情况下变化明显,氢氧之间较强的轨道杂化使它们趋于形成共价键;晶格中氢氧键的 关键词： 氮氢混合气氛退火 铁电性 4Ti₃O₁₂')" href="#">Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ 第一性原理     

(1-x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xSrTiO3陶瓷的弛豫铁电性能

通过对（1-x）（K_0.5Na_0.5）NbO₃-xSrTiO₃（0≤x≤0.15）陶瓷的相组成、晶体结构和介电性能的研究发现,该陶瓷为单一的钙钛矿结构相.当x含量较小（x＜0.1）时为正交相结构,x≥0.1时转变为四方相结构.随着SrTiO₃掺杂量的增加,样品的致密度增加,样品由正常铁电相逐渐向弥散铁电相转变,且相 关键词： 弛豫铁电体 0.5Na_0.5）NbO₃铁电陶瓷')" href="#">（K_0.5Na_0.5）NbO₃铁电陶瓷 3掺杂')" href="#">SrTiO₃掺杂 相变温度     

Strain-induced ferroelectric phase transitions in incipient ferroelectric rutile TiO2

Uniaxial strain induced ferroelectric phase transitions in rutile TiO₂ are investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that the in-plane tensile strain induces rutile TiO₂, paraelectric phase with P_4-2/mnm (D_4h) space group, to a ferroelectric phase with P_m (C_s) space group,driven by the softening behaviour of the E_u1 mode. In addition, the out-of-plane tensile strain, vertical to the ab plane, leads to a ferroelectric phase with P_42nm (C_4v) space group, driven by the softening behaviour of the A_2u mode. The critical tensile strains are 3.7% in-plane and 4.0% out-of-plane, respectively. In addition, the in-plane compression strain, which has the same structure variation as out-of-plane tensile strain due to Poisson effect, leads the paraelectric rutile TiO₂ to a paraelectric phase with P_nnm (D_2h) space group driven by the softening behaviour of the B_1g mode. These results indicate that the sequence ferroelectric (or paraelectric) phase depends on the strain applied. The origin of ferroelectric stabilization in rutile TiO₂ is also discussed briefly in terms of strain induced Born effective charge transfer.     

静水压下锆锡钛酸铅铁电陶瓷相变和介电性能研究

研究了铌掺杂锆锡钛酸铅铁电陶瓷Pb_0.99Nb_0.02[(Zr_0.90Sn_0.10)_0.96Ti_0.04]_0.98O₃(PZST 90/10-4-2Nb)在静水压(0-300 MPa)下的电荷释放量和介电性能. 对压力诱导的低温铁电三方(F_R(LT))→反铁电正交(A_O)相变进行了研究. PZST 90/10-4-2Nb铁电陶瓷分为未极化、极化和压力去极化三种. 极化PZST 90/10-4-2Nb陶瓷F_R(LT)→A_O相变过程中,电荷释放量为29.3 μC/cm²,相变压力为140 MPa. 介电性能表明:极化PZST 90/10-4-2Nb陶瓷相变压力为136 MPa,而未极化陶瓷相变压力为104 MPa,压力去极化陶瓷未表现出明显的相变特征. 关键词： 静水压 铁电陶瓷 相变 介电     

Ferroelectric phase transitions of the 0.32PIN-0.345PMN-0.335PT single crystals studied by temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy,dielectric and ferroelectric performance

The ferroelectric phase transition characteristics of the 0.32Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-0.345Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.335PbTiO₃ (0.32PIN-0.345PMN-0.335PT) single crystals were studied by the temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and some electrical properties. Ferroelectric monoclinic phase was confirmed at room temperature by the numbers of the Raman modes. Successive ferroelectric phase transitions, i.e. ferroelectric monoclinic phase to ferroelectric tetragonal phase transition (FE_M-FE_T) and ferroelectric tetragonal phase to paraelectric cubic phase transition (FE_T-P_C), are evidenced by the anomalies of Raman modes line width, peaks intensity and their ratios around T_M-T and T_C/T_m temperatures. The temperature dependent permittivity derivative ξ = d?/dT not only provides further evidence of the successive ferroelectric phase transitions, but also demonstrates the second-order transition characteristic of the FE_M-FE_T phase transition and the first-order transition feature of the FE_T-P_C phase transition. The FE_M-FE_T phase transition is also confirmed by the abnormal narrowing of the P-E loops, decrease of the P_r and E_c values, and extremums of the pyroelectric performance.     

Simultaneous measurement of X‐ray diffraction and ferroelectric polarization data as a function of applied electric field and frequency

The characteristics of a new ferroelectric measurement system at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility are presented. The electric‐field‐induced phase transitions of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–xPbTiO₃ are determined viain situ measurements of electric polarization within the synchrotron diffraction beamline. Real‐time data collection methods on single‐crystal samples are employed as a function of frequency to determine the microstructural origin of piezoelectric effects within these materials, probing the dynamic ferroelectric response.     

Influence of isomorphous substitution of metal ion on the low-frequency dielectric dispersion in NH2(CH3)2Al1−xCrx(SO4)2⋅6H2O ferroelectrics

This paper is devoted to the study of the influence of metal ion isomorphous substitution on the ferroelastic-ferroelectric phase transition and dispersion caused by the motion of domain walls in dimethylammonium metal sulfate hexahydrate DMAAl_1?xCr_xS ferroelectric crystals (x = 0, 0.065, 0.2). It is shown that such a substitution significantly changes the phase transition temperature and parameters of the dielectric dispersion. These changes are explained in terms of interaction between the metal-hydrate complexes and DMA groups that carry the dipole moment and due to this they are responsible for the phase transitions and motion of the domain walls.     

In situ X-ray diffraction studies of phase transition in Pb1− x La x Zr0.40Ti0.60O3 ferroelectric ceramics

The temperature dependence of the crystalline structure and the lattice parameters of Pb_{1? x} La _x Zr_0.40Ti_0.60O₃ ferroelectric ceramic system with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.21 was determined. The samples with x ≤ 0.11 show a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition at the maximum dielectric permittivity, T _max. Above this amount and especially for the x = 0.12 sample, a spontaneous phase transition from a relaxor ferroelectric state (cubic phase) to a ferroelectric state (tetragonal phase) is observed upon cooling below the T _max. Unlike what has been reported in other studies, the x = 0.13, 0.14, and 0.15 samples, which present a more pronounced relaxor behavior, also presents a spontaneous normal-to-relaxor transition, indicated by a cubic to tetragonal symmetry below the T _max. The origin of this anomaly has been associated with an increase in the degree of tetragonality, confirmed by the measurements of the X-ray diffraction patterns. The differential thermal analysis (DSC) measurements also confirm the existence of these phase transitions.     

Structures and elastic properties of paraelectric and ferroelectric KTa0.5Nb0.5O3 from first-principles calculation

The structures, elastic properties and intrinsic hardness of B-O bonds of KTa_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ crystal in paraelectric and ferroelectric phase structures have been investigated by means of the density functional theory. Both structures are found to be elastically stable and in good agreement with available results. The elastic properties including the bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young’s modulus change largely during phase transition. The paraelectric KTa_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ crystal is more incompressible and harder than ferroelectric phase. The hardness of KTa_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ crystal is mostly determined by Nb-O bonds and the modifications of the bond strength affect the hardness of the crystal. Charge density contours indicate that the electronic distributions between B-O bonds play an important role in the formation of elastic properties.